• 오토저널
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.54-64
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• 1992

During combustion process in a diesel engine radiation heat transfer is the same order of magnitude as the convection heat transfer. An approximation of heat and momentum source distributions is applied at a level consistent with those used in modelling the soot distribution and the turbulence instead of modelling the fuel spray and the chemical kinetics. This paper illustrates a use of the third order spherical harmonics approximation to the radiative transfer equation and delta-Eddington approximation to the scattering phase function for droplets in the flow. Results are obtained numerically by a time marching finite difference scheme. This study aims to compare heat transfer with convection heat transfer and to investigate the importance of scattering by fuel droplets and of accounting for spatial variations in the extinction coefficient on the radiative heat flux distributions at the walls of a disc shaped diesel engine.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.1208-1212
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• 2020

Knowledge on fuel enthalpy and its temperature derivative, the heat capacity, are important quantities in determination of fuel behavior in normal reactor operation and reactor transients. The aim of this study is to compare the heat capacity of oxide and nitrite fuels by using Einstein-Debye approximation. A simple analytical expression was performed to calculate the heat capacity of fuels. To test the validity and reliability, the calculated formulas were compared to published results for various nuclear fuels including UO₂, ThO₂, PuO₂ and UN. Calculated formulas yielded results in consistent with literature.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.91-106
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• 1992

It an inventory control system, the demand over time are often assumed to be independently identically distributed (i. i. d.). However, the demands may well be correlated over time in many situations. The estimation of reorder points is not simple for correlated demands with variable lead time. In this paper, a general class of autoregressive and moving average processes is considered for modeling the demands of an inventory item. The first four moments of the lead-time demand (L) are derived and used to approximate the distribution of L. The reorder points at given service level are then estimated by the three approximation methods : normal approximation, Charlier series and Pearson system. Numerical investigation shows that the Pearson system and the Charlier series performs extremely well for various situations whereas the normal approximation show consistent underestimation and sensitive to the distribution of lead time. The same conclusion can be reached when the parameters are estimated from the sample based on the simulation study.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.9-26
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• 2001

In some previous papers the author extended two algorithms proposed by Z. Kovarik for approximate orthogonalization of a finite set of linearly independent vectors from a Hibert space, to the case when the vectors are rows (not necessary linearly independent) of an arbitrary rectangular matrix. In this paper we describe combinations between these two methods and the classical Kaczmarz’s iteration. We prove that, in the case of a consistent least-squares problem, the new algorithms so obtained converge ti any of its solutions (depending on the initial approximation). The numerical experiments described in the last section of the paper on a problem obtained after the discretization of a first kind integral equation ilustrate the fast convergence of the new algorithms. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification : 65F10, 65F20.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제19D권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2012

지금까지 제안된 분산 고차원 색인의 대부분은 균일한 분포를 가지는 데이터 집합에서 좋은 검색 성능을 나타내나, 편향되거나 클러스터를 이루는 데이터의 집합에서는 그 성능이 크게 감소된다. 본 논문은 강하게 클러스터를 이루거나 편향된 분포를 가지는 데이터 집합에 대한 분산 벡터 근사 트리의 k-최근접 검색 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제안한다. 기본 아이디어는 전체 데이터를 클러스터링하는 상위 트리의 말단 노드가 담당하는 데이터 공간의 크기를 계산하고, 그 공간 상의 특징 벡터를 근사하는 데 사용되는 비트의 수를 달리하여 벡터 근사의 식별 능력을 보장하는 것이다. 즉, 고밀도 클러스터에는 더 많은 수의 비트를 할당하는 것이다. 우리는 합성 데이터와 실세계 데이터를 가지고 분산 hybrid spill-tree와 기존 분산 벡터 근사 트리와의 성능 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과는 확장된 분산 벡터 근사 트리의 검색 성능이 균일하지 않은 분포의 데이터 집합에서 크게 향상되었음을 보인다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2005

A robust control design procedure for a nuclear reactor has been developed and experimentally validated on the Penn State TRIGA research reactor. The utilization of the robust controller as a component of an autonomous control system is also demonstrated. Two methods of specifying a low order (fourth-order) nominal-plant model for a robust control design were evaluated: 1) by approximation based on the 'physics' of the process and 2) by an optimal Hankel approximation of a higher order plant model. The uncertainty between the nominal plant models and the higher order plant model is supplied as a specification to the ,u-synthesis robust control design procedure. Two methods of quantifying uncertainty were evaluated: 1) a combination of additive and multiplicative uncertainty and 2) multiplicative uncertainty alone. The conclusions are that the optimal Hankel approximation and a combination of additive and multiplicative uncertainty are the best approach to design robust control for this application. The results from nonlinear simulation testing and the physical experiments are consistent and thus help to confirm the correctness of the robust control design procedures and conclusions.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2014

In this study, the numerical model developed by Hong et al.(2008) was improved to be applied to rapidly varying flows such as the inundation of dry land or flow transitions due to large gradients of the bathymetry. A numerical approximation was applied that was consistent with the conservation of momentum in flow expansions and with the Bernoulli equation in flow contractions. The approximation was second order, but the accuracy reduced to first order near extreme values by the use of a minmod limiter. The modified model was verified by acomparison with the theoretical critical depth of weir, and for sufficiently smooth conditions and a fine grid size, both approximations converged to the same solution. In terms of the grid size, it was more effective at obtaining solutions than the previous model and reproduced the inundation of dry land.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.324-329
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• 2001

A novel method for non-matching interfaces on the boundaries of the finite elements in partitioned domains is presented by introducing interface elements in this paper. The interface element method (IEM) satisfies the continuity conditions exactly through interfaces without recourse to the Lagrange multiplier technique. The moving least square (MLS) approximation in the present study is implemented to construct the shape functions of the interface elements. Alignment of the boundaries of sub-domains in the MLS approximation and integration domains provides a consistent numerical integration due to one form of rational functions in an integration domain. The compatibility of displacements on the boundaries of the finite elements and the interface elements is always preserved in this method, and the completeness of the shape functions of the interface elements guarantees the convergence of numerical solutions. The numerical examples show that the interface element method is a useful tool for the analysis of a partitioned system and for a global-local analysis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.119-134
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• 1972

Various MO methods with differing degrees of sophistication are shown to yield qualitatively consistent results for methyl isoalloxazins. However, with crude methods such as the HMO and ${\omega}$-technique, the choice of Coulomb and resonance integralsis critical, in contrast with simpler molecular systems. The empirical value of ${\omega}$=0.5 appears to be more reasonable than 1.4. Methyl groups in these flaving are best treated by the group orbital approximation. The pseudo-heteroatom approximation overestimates methyl hyperconfiguration with the Pariser-Parrpole SCR MO method. siglet ${\pi}{\rightarrow}{\pi}^*$ transition energies are calculated by the P-P-P method and agree reasonably with the experimental values. 2- and 4-Thioisoalloxazine analogs are also treated. Reactivity indices of the flavin molecule are presented, includeing superdelocalizability. frontier orbital and radical densities. Various aspects of the applications of these indices of the methyl groups on dipolemoments, inozation potentialsm elctron affinities, and spectra are decribed in detail.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.269-269
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• 2013

Usingvan der Waals (vdW) energy-corrected density-functional theory without or with self-consistent screening (SCS) effects, we calculate the adsorption energy of acetylene, ethylene and benzene on Si(100). We find that vdW interactions without SCS effects increase the adsorption energy by 0.23, 0.30, and 0.64 eV for adsorbed $C_2H_2$, $C_2H_4$, and $C_6H_6$ on Si(100), respectively. However, if SCS effects are included, this increase of the adsorption energy is reduced as 0.19, 0.24, and 0.54 eV for the three adsorption systems, respectively. The resulting adsorption energy for each system is between the values computed using the local-density approximation and the generalized-gradient approximation.