• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2000

In this paper, we introduce a conservative control approach using a full feedback map and suggest a switching control between the conservative and default control. For the conservative control, we use the coordinator which performs the conjunction operation of the full feedback map information of local supervisors. Since the switching control with the coordinator extends the ability of local supervisors in the decentralized supervisory control, we can solve the problem in case the coobservability condition can not be satisfied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.131-137
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• 2015

For the evaluation of safety margin of a nuclear power plant using a conservative methodology, the influence of applied assumptions such as initial conditions and boundary conditions needs to be assessed deliberately. Usually, a combination of the most conservative initial conditions is determined, and the safety margin for the transient is evaluated through the analysis for this conservative conditions. In existing conservative methodologies, a most-conservative condition is searched through the analyses for the maximum, minimum, and nominal values of the major parameters. In the present study, we investigates a new approach which can be applied to choose a most-conservative initial condition effectively when a best-estimate computer code and a conservative evaluation methodology are utilized for the evaluation of safety margin of transients. By constituting the band of various initial conditions using the random sampling of input parameters, the sensitivity study for various parameters are performed systematically. A method of sampling the value of control or operation parameters for a certain range is adopted by use of MOSAIQUE program, which enables to minimize the efforts for achieving the steady-state for various different conditions. A representative control parameter is identified, which governs the reactor coolant flow rate, pressurizer pressure, pressurizer level, and steam generator level, respectively. It is shown that an appropriate distribution of input parameter is obtained by adjusting the range and distribution of the control parameter.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.17.1-17.9
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• 2021

Objectives: In recent in vitro study, it was reported that osteostatin (OST) has an odontogenic effect and synergistic effect with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in human dental pulp cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether OST has a synergistic effect with MTA on hard tissue formation in vivo. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two maxillary molars of Spraque-Dawley rats were used in this study. An occlusal cavity was prepared and the exposed pulps were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control; ProRoot MTA), group 2 (OST 100 μM + ProRoot MTA), group 3 (OST 10 mM + ProRoot MTA). Exposed pulps were capped with each material and cavities were restored with resin modified glass ionomer. The animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. All harvested teeth were scanned with micro-computed tomography (CT). The samples were prepared and hard tissue formation was evaluated histologically. For immunohistochemical analysis, the specimens were sectioned and incubated with primary antibodies against dentin sialoprotein (DSP). Results: In the micro-CT analysis, it is revealed that OST with ProRoot MTA groups showed more mineralized bridge than the control (p < 0.05). In the H&E staining, it is showed that more quantity of the mineralized dentin bridge was formed in the OST with ProRoot MTA group compared to the control (p < 0.05). In all groups, DSP was expressed in newly formed reparative dentin area. Conclusions: OST can be a supplementary pulp capping material when used with MTA to make synergistic effect in hard tissue formation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2012

Background : This study was conducted to know the effect of resistance exercise using thera-band in parallel with conservative therapy in patients with frozen shoulder. Methods : We analyze subjective pain scale, ROM and shoulder functional scale 24 patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis were included for study. Among them, 12 patients(experiment group) were managed by resistance exercise as well as conservative physical therapy, another 12 patients(control group) were only treated by conservative therapy alone. All the patients were treated three times a week for 4 weeks, and after, and after each treatment subjective pain scale, ROM, shoulder functional score(SFI) were measured. Results : The VAS were significant reduced between experimental group and control group according to pre-treatment and post-treatment. In experimental group, the ROM and SFI has increased than control group according to pre-treatment and post-treatment. Conclusion : According to the results, we concluded that both conservative therapy and self resistance exercise using thera-band technique are more effective for increasing ROM especially flexion, abduction, internal rotation and SFI than conservative therapy alone.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sealing effect of several root-end filling materials using spectrophotometric analysis. 180 single root teeth with one canal were instrumented and canal filled. Root resected and root end preparation was made. Teeth were randomly classified to S experimental group(MTA, EBA, IRM, TCP, ZOE) and 1 control group according to root-end filling material MTA group used PRO ROOT MT A, EBA group used Super EBA. TCP group used NEW APATITE LINER TYPE II main component of which is ${\alpha}-tricalcium$ phosphate (TCP). According to manufacture's instruction experimental material was mixed and retrfilled. After 2% methylene blue solution penetration absorbance for each test sample was measured with spectrophotometer (JASCO UV-530, Japan). The mean absorbance of control and experimental group was as follows; MTA: 0.092, IRM: 0.226, Super EBA: 0.255, ZOE: 0.374, Control: 0.425, TCP: 0.501 and the result analyzed by Turkey test at P=0.05 level. Conclusions of this study are as follows; 1. The absorbance increase in following sequence MTA, IRM, Super EBA, ZOE, Control. TCP. 2. MTA showed the least leakage but was not significant with IRM or Super EBA and was significant with control or TCP(p<0.05). 3. TCP had the most leakage and was not significant with control group.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.575-595
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• 1997

Replacement resorption is followed by the delayed replantation of an avulsed tooth. Currently no effective treatment is substantiated for replacement resorption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stannous fluoride, bisphosphonate (etidronate disodium) and gallium nitrate, which have been shown to reduce dentin resorption, on human dentin. Osteoclasts were collected from tibeas of chick embryo. The cells were well agitated to prevent adhesion and seeded onto the sliced human dentin wafers which had been soaked in either culture media (control), or several different concentrations of stannous fluoride, etidronate disodium (l-hydroxyethylidene -1,1-bisphosphonate disodium), and gallium nitrate. Resorption was measured by counting the number of resorptive pit produced by the cells. Results are as follows. Stannous fluoride and etidronate disodium showed statistically significant reduction of dentin resorption(p<0.05) but the effect of stannous fluoride seemed to be its high cytotoxicity. Etidronate disodium did not show cytotoxicities in all experimented concentrations. Gallium nitrate did not show differences in resorption either between different concentrations or from the control group.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

This study compared the effect of therapeutic exercise with conservative treatment in women with chronic neck pain. Subjects were allocated to control, neck isometric exercise, and cervical stabilization exercise groups consisting of 29, 32, and 31 patients, respectively. The conservative treatment for the control group consisted of hot packs, ultrasound, interferential current therapy, and intermittent cervical traction. The neck isometric exercise group performed a neck isometric exercise and the cervical stabilization exercise group performed a cervical stabilization exercise. To compare the three groups, the levels of perceived pain, neck disability, and psychological depression were assessed on admission, at discharge, and one month after discharge. On admission and at discharge, the pain and neck disability scores did not differ significantly among the groups. However, one month after discharge, both the neck isometric and cervical stabilization exercise groups had significantly improved perceived pain levels as compared to control (p<.05). The improvement in the degree of neck disability was most significant in the cervical stabilization exercise group (p<.05). On comparing the changes in the variables at the three assessments for each group, there was a significant difference between the control and cervical stabilization exercise groups (p<.05). The findings indicate that therapeutic exercises, especially cervical stabilization exercises, are more effective for improving pain and neck disability than conservative treatment.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.590.2-590
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spring. The System B (Model 1005, Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan pluggers of F, FM, M and ML are used for this study. The temperature was set to $200^{\circ}C$. The power level on it was set to 10. The heat control spring was touched for 1,2,3,4 and 5 seconds respectively. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.587.2-587
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate influence of moisture control on bond strength of self-etching primer by measuring enamel and dentin shear bond strengths. 96 extracted human molars were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 (Enamel 30min Dry), Group 2 (E. 5s air dry), Group 3 (E. 1s air dry), Group 4 (E. blot dry), Group 5 (Dentin 30min Dry), Group 6 (D. 5s air dry), Group 7 (D. 1s air dry), Group 8 (D. blot dry) were divided.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and migration of Endosequence Bioceramic Root Canal Sealer (BC Sealer) compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. Materials and Methods: BC Sealer, MTA Fillapex, and AH Plus were placed in contact with culture medium to obtain sealers extracts in dilution 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. 3T3 cells were plated and exposed to the extracts. Cell viability and migration were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Scratch assay, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results: The MTT assay revealed greater cytotoxicity for AH Plus and MTA Fillapex at 1:1 dilution when compared to control (p < 0.05). At 1:2 and 1:4 dilutions, all sealers were similar to control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than BC Sealer (p < 0.05). Scratch assay demonstrated the continuous closure of the wound according to time. At 30 hours, the control group presented closure of the wound (p < 0.05). At 36 hours, only BC Sealer presented the closure when compared to AH Plus and MTA Fillapex (p < 0.05). At 42 hours, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex showed a wound healing (p > 0.05). Conclusions: All tested sealers demonstrated cell viability highlighting BC Sealer, which showed increased cell migration capacity suggesting that this sealer may achieve better tissue repair when compared to other tested sealers.