• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8_spc호
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• pp.1275-1283
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• 2019

Goats (Capra hircus) were domesticated during the late Neolithic, approximately 10,500 years ago, and humans exerted minor selection pressure until fairly recently. Probably the largest genetic change occurring over the millennia happened via natural selection and random genetic drift, the latter causing genes to be fixed in small and isolated populations. Recent human-influenced genetic changes have occurred through biometrics and genomics. For the most part, biometrics has concentrated upon the refining of estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations. Heritabilities are instrumental in the calculation of estimated breeding values and genetic correlations are necessary in the construction of selection indices that account for changes in multiple traits under selection at one time. Early genomic studies focused upon microsatellite markers, which are short tandem repeats of nucleic acids and which are detected using polymerase chain reaction primers flanking the microsatellite. Microsatellite markers have been very important in parentage verification, which can impact genetic progress. Additionally, microsatellite markers have been a useful tool in assessing genetic diversity between and among breeds, which is important in the conservation of minor breeds. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a new genomic tool that have refined classical BLUP methodology (biometric) to provide more accurate genomic estimated breeding values, provided a large reference population is available.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.309-312
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• 2004

We performed exon trapping in order to locate functional genes on chicken chromosomes (GGA) and to identify functional gene sequences from chicken cosmids. Sequence analysis of 100 clones revealed 17 putative exons, five of which were identified with known sequences in a gene database search: thymopoietin beta (TMPO), U5 snRNP-specific 40 kDa protein (HPRP8BP), dihydropyridine receptor alpha 1 subunit (CACNL1A3), cystein string protein (CPS) and C15orf4. We attempted to map the genes to chicken chromosomes by using FISH and linkage analysis. The chromosomal localizations were GGA1 (TMPO), GGA10 (C15orf4), GGA23 (HPRP8BP) and GGA28 (CPS) by FISH and linkage analysis, while that of CACNL1A3 was predicted to be on a microchromosome by FISH but not by linkage analysis. Comparative mapping analyses between chickens and humans for the genes revealed both known and new synteny. The syntenic conservation between GGA1 and human chromosome (HSA) 12q23 (TMPO) and between GGA10 and HSA15q25 (C15orf4), were consistent with a recent publication, while two new syntenies were observed between GGA28 and HSA20q13.3 in CPS and between GGA23 and HSA1p34-35 in HPRP8BP. The information of presently mapped genes can contribute as anchor markers based on functional genes and the construction of a comparative map.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1226-1236
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• 2022

Mongolian horses are one of the oldest horse breeds, and are very important livestock in Mongolia as they are used in various fields such as transportation, food (milk, meat), and horse racing. In addition, research and preservation on pure Mongolian breeds are being promoted under the implementation of the new Genetics of Livestock Resources' act in Mongolia. However, despite the implementation of this act, genetic research on Mongolian horses using microsatellites (MS) has not progressed enough. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the genetic polymorphism of five breeds (Gobi shankh, Tes, Gal shar, Darkhad, and Undurshil) using 14 MS markers recommended by International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG). The mean number of alleles (MNA) was 8.29, expected heterozygosity frequency (H_Exp) was 0.767, observed heterozygosity frequency (H_Obs) was 0.752, and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.729. The Nei's genetic distance analysis showed that the genetic distance between Gobi shankh and Darkhad horses was the farthest, and the other three breeds, Tes, Gal shar, and Undurshil were found to be close to each other. Similarly, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) showed that the Gobi shankh and Darkhad horses were genetically distinct from other breeds. On the other hand, it appears that Tes, Gal shar, and Undurshil horses, which are genetically similar, most likely interbred with each other. Therefore, it is expected that these results will help the conservation of genetic resources in Mongolia and the establishment of policies related to Mongolian horses.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2010

본 연구는 충청남도 서천군 옥남리 일대(갓재골, 우아실) 조선시대 회곽묘에서 출토된 4개체의 인골을 대상으로 조직학, 분자유전학, 골화학 분석 등 종합적인 생화학적 연구를 수행한 결과이다. 실체현미경과 주사전자현미경 분석에 의한 대퇴골의 조직학적 보존 상태는 매우 양호 하였으며, 생화학적 분석이 가능한 것으로 평가되었다. 아밀로제닌 유전자 분석과 미토콘드리아 DNA에 대한 피장자들의 모계 계통형 분석 결과 여성 1명은 B4a에 속하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 다른 여성 1명과 남성 2명의 피장자는 하플로그룹 D4b1으로 나타났는데 이들 3명은 가까운 모계 혈연관계 가능성이 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 갓재골에 합장된 두 피장자는 전통적인 매장방식으로 볼 때 부부합장묘인 것으로 추정되었다. 콜라겐의 탄소-질소 안정동위원소 분석 결과 피장자들은 주식으로 쌀, 보리, 콩 등의 $C_3$ 식물을 섭취했던 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 조선시대 회곽묘를 조성할 수 있었던 경제적 계층의 유전학적 특징, 관습적인 매장방식, 식생활 정보를 규명하였다. 이러한 결과는 조선시대 출토 인골에 대한 생화학적 연구의 잠재적인 가치와 중요성에 대해 시사하고 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2014

유적지에서 발굴되는 조선시대 인골은 보존 상태가 대부분 양호하여 형질인류학, 유전학, 그리고 화학적 연구를 수행할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 김포 장기동 유적지에서 발굴된 조선시대 인골 6개체에 대한 DNA 분석을 통하여 미토콘드리아 DNA 변이형을 결정하였으며, 성별 분석결과를 토대로 남성 피장자의 Y 하플로그룹을 동정하였다. 유전자 분석에 앞서 보존상태가 양호한 것으로 판단되는 인골 6구를 대상으로 조직학 지수를 판별하였다. 미토콘드리아 DNA 변이형은 아시아인에서 높은 빈도로 나타나는 G, R11, M7, A5 등의 하플로그룹이 확인되었다. 인골의 성별을 확인하기 위하여 아밀로제닌 유전자 분석을 수행한 결과, 6구의 인골에서 여성 4구와 남성 2구의 성별을 확인할 수 있었다. 남성으로 판명된 인골에 Y 염색체 단일염기다형성 분석을 적용해본 결과, 하플로그룹 O로 확인되었다. 향후 출토 인골의 광범위한 분석을 위하여 인골을 선별한 경우에는 본 연구에서 제시한 조직학 지수를 적용하고, 미토콘드리아 DNA와 핵 DNA의 다양한 분석을 병행하여 출토 인골간의 유연관계를 규명하는 것이 필요하다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2017

The red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri Bremer, 1864 (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), is an endangered species in South Korea. Development and application of molecular markers to assess population genetics perspectives can be used as a basis to establish effective conservation strategies. In this study, we developed 12 microsatellite markers specific to P. bremeri using Illumina paired-end sequencing and applied the markers to South Korean populations to understand population characteristics. Genotyping of 40 P. bremeri individuals from three localities showed that at each locus, the observed number of alleles ranged from 6 to 22 and the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.500-1.00 and 0.465 to 0.851, respectively. Significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not observed in all loci studied. The population based $F_{ST}$ and $R_{ST}$ collectively suggest that at least the Samcheok population in northernmost Gangwon Province has a significant divergence from the remaining two populations (P < 0.01), and this result is also reflected in the forewing length. Further studies with an increased sample size will be necessary to draw robust conclusions and devise conservation strategies.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2018

Genetic assessments of rare and endangered species are among the first steps necessary to establish the proper management of natural populations. Transcriptome-derived single-sequence repeat markers were developed for the Korean endangered species Astilboides tabularis (Saxifragaceae) to assess its genetic diversity. A total of 96 candidate microsatellite loci were isolated based on transcriptome data using Illumina pair end sequencing. Of these, 26 were polymorphic, with one to five alleles per locus in 60 individuals from three populations of A. tabularis. The observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.950 and from 0.000 to 0.741, respectively. These polymorphic transcriptome-derived simple sequence repeat markers would be invaluable for future studies of population genetics and for ecological conservation of the endangered species A. tabularis.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1997

희귀수종인 모감주나무(Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.) 6개 자생 집단에 대해서 잎의 형태적 특성 및 식생개황을 조사하였으며, 동위효소 분석에 의한 유전변이를 조사하였다. Nested design에 의한 분산분석 결과 8가지 잎의 형태적 특성 모두에서 집단간 및 집단내 개체간에 고도의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으며, 대부분 형질의 경우 총 분산 가운데 집단간 차지하는 비율이 집단내 개체가 차지하는 비율보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 식생분석 결과 각 집단별로 출현한 수종 수는 많지 않았으며, 대부분 집단이 인위적 교란을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 수종, 특히 지리적으로 광범위하게 분포하는 수종들과 비교할 때 유전변이는 매우 적고(A/L= 1.1, P=9.5%, $H_o=0.021$, $H_e=0.035$) 집단간 분화($F_{ST}=0.114$)는 다소 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 유전적 부동 및 근친교배의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 마지막으로 모감주나무 집단의 유전적 다양성을 보전하기 위한 방법에 대해서 논의하였다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1123-1133
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• 2021

Objective: Shandong indigenous pig breeds are important Chinese pig resources. Their progressive population decline in recent decades has attracted attention towards their conservation. Conservation genetics of these indigenous breeds are essential for developing a conservation and utilization scheme. Methods: A high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (HD-SNP) chip-based comparative analysis of genetic characteristics was performed for seven Shandong indigenous pig breeds in the context of five Western commercial breeds. Results: The results showed that Shandong indigenous pig breeds varied greatly in genetic diversity, effective population size, inbreeding level, and genetic distance with the Western commercial breeds. Specifically, Laiwu and Dapulian displayed low genetic diversity, and had a genetically distant relationship with the Western commercial breeds (average F statistics [F_ST] value of 0.3226 and 0.2666, respectively). Contrastingly, the other five breeds (Yantai, Licha, Yimeng, Wulain, and Heigai) displayed high genetic diversity within breed and had some extent of mixture pattern with the Western commercial breeds, especially Duroc and Landrace (F_ST values from 0.1043 to 0.2536). Furthermore, intensive gene flow was discovered among the seven Shandong indigenous breeds, particularly Wulian, Licha, and Heigai, as indicated by the large cluster formed in the principal component analysis scatterplot and small population differentiation (average of 0.1253) among them. Conclusion: Our study advances the understanding of genetic characteristics of Shandong indigenous breeds and provides essential information for developing an appropriate conservation and utilization scheme for these breeds.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2007

The tiny dragonfly, Nannophya pygmaea(Odonata: Libellulidae) is one the smallest dragonflies in the world and listed as a second-degree endangered wild animal and plant in Korea. For the long-term conservation of such endangered species, an investigation on nation-wide genetic magnitude and nature of genetic diversity is required as a part of conservation strategy. We, thus, sequenced a portion of mitochondrial COI gene, corresponding to "DNA Barcode" region(658 bp) from 68 N. pygmaea individuals collected over six habitats in Korea. The sequence data were used to investigate genetic diversity within populations and species, geographic variation within species, phylogeographic relationship among populations, and phylogenetic relationship among haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and uncorrected pairwise distance estimate showed overall low genetic diversity within species. Regionally, populations in southern localities such as Gangjin and Gokseong in Jeollanamdo Province showed somewhat higher genetic diversity estimates than those of remaining regions in Korean peninsula. Although geographic populations of N. pygmaea were subdivided into two groups, distance- or region-based geographic partition was not observed.