• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.335-353
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• 2010

Following the emergence of a knowledge-based economy, the triple helix model has been recognized as a new - regional and national - innovation model. This model seeks to understand the innovation process that is centered upon the university-industry-government interactions. The governance of the triple helix innovation system can be divided into three models according to the structure and depth of university-industry-government interactions. In the context of evolution, the triple helix can be established through the following three processes of development; i) internal transformation of each helix, ii) impacts of one helix on another helix, and iii) horizontal interactions among three helices. In theory, the triple helix model can be covered as part of the innovation system perspective. Compared to the innovation system perspective, the triple helix model tends to pay, however, more attention to the incompleteness of innovation system and the role of university in the process of knowledge creation. In view of regional innovation, the triple helix can be sustained when the triple helix spaces, including knowledge space, consensus space and innovation space, are created and the three triple helix spaces interact with one another. The existing literature on the triple helix model tends to make selectively use of only a single method between the qualitative method and the quantitative method, although both have shortcomings to reveal the dynamic characteristics of university-industry-government relations. Therefore, research on the triple helix is required to reconcile with two research methods, which are distinct but complementary in nature.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

A new paradigm of design lays stress on the world of metaphysical concepts, and various attempts are being made to give meaning to psychological values. Hotel is a memorable place to remind of a special moment in one's life such as travel, marriage, meeting and so on. It also contains even more symbolism than other spaces as it is the place where the most primary and private act takes place apart from one's residence. As a result, it is also possible to communicate the message which a designer intends to convey through the user's recognition in the form of various symbolic expressions in space design. The designer communicates a meaning into a space through a symbolic system and creates a mutual consensus by means of the understanding structure of "designer-space-user". The user's diverse interpretations through a symbol are based on epistemology and consist of the primary, the secondary and the tertiary recognition structure system in the aspect of their contents. The primary structure depends on sensual perception, impressive idea and transcendental recognition based on metaphysical and perceptional association. The secondary structure includes casualty, continuous deduction and rational(integral) recognition. Finally, the tertiary structure is sublimation to the transcendental mental world beyond the boundary of emotion and it is classified into fundamental recognition structure on an object and archetypical recognition structure on an ego. These characteristics can derive systematic understandings and diverse interpretations on the symbol from the space of a hotel through the frame of analysis based on the artistic form of monosemous, polysemous and multidimensional frameworks and symbols. The framework of this analysis includes all the cases, and various methods which haven't been attempted in practice are presented. Therefore this study is not just a simple analysis of space but rather it will serve as a methodological tool for design that allows for various attempts of symbolic design concepts in the recognition structure system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 2018

This study proposes the difference of awareness and improvement plan of building-related landscape systems through a cognition survey of building owners, public officials, and experts. The main results are as follows. First, all three groups are highly aware of the need to secure urban green spaces. Even if private property rights are restricted, the level of awareness that green space should be secured for public benefit is high. The level of interest in the building-related landscape system was also surveyed to a greater degree. Second, the survey respondents, including the building owner group, answered that there is a need to strengthen the building-related landscape area standards. It can be seen that there is a need to revise the relaxation of the building-related landscape area standards through an amendment of the Building Ordinance in many local governments. Third, most municipalities are not equipped with an organizational system that can promote the work of building-related landscape. It is necessary to newly hire civil servants for landscape design, maintenance, and management specialization, or to expand co-working relationships with related departments. Fourth, building owners are interested in building-related landscape, but they do not know specific management methods and leave the landscape space. The municipality needs to offer guidance on landscape architectural design and construction methods that the building owners can easily follow and to support the voluntary landscape space management on the part of the local residents by supporting the trees. Fifth, in order to improve the building-related landscape system, it is necessary to verify the effect of the building-related landscape and spread a consensus. At the government level, in order to enable building owners to recognize the value of the landscape space in connection with an urban regeneration project, it is necessary to present an example of an excellent building-related landscape installation via a pilot project.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

The purpose of the Follies that were constructed for the Gwangju-Biennale were for urban regeneration, to activate the empty old-town areas, and to strengthen the tradition and sense of place of the city. However, the ten Follies constructed around the wall of the old castle reveal many problems including that of leaving Follies alone instead of actively using them, damage to shop-keepers nearby, and pedestrian inconvenience, which is different from the original purposes. This study is meant to help understand the source of the negative phenomena, and to offer plans that will be conductive to the role of urban regeneration through activating the Follies and the spaces around them. As results of the investigation, there was no context giving uniformity among the various Follies. Also, the study showed that the insufficience of designers' understanding of the circumference near the Follies and lack of a consensus between the citizens and designers in the process of making the Follies. The crucial solution for solving these problems, and bringing to life the original purpose of creating the Follies was derived as applying "human activity" to the Follies. This study suggested 'street performance' as an effective device for application to human activity. While a Folly has no fixed function, the development of space program categories based on the applied characteristics of each Folly, and the simulation thereof showed effective potential for attracting people and activating those stagnated spaces. Recently, Gwangju city depicted the second Follies in applications such as reading roon, toilet, and movable food cart, which have clear purpose and different characteristics from the first ones. However, the first Follies will not be moved or demolished. As they are located around the National Asia Culture Center, some of them are supposed to be used to view the center. Consequently, a counterplan for the continuous and efficient use of those Follies is needed. Gwangju has a plan for the installation of 100 Follies throughout the city and it is expected that this study will be a meaningful guide line for improved Follies in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 2016

This study, which takes the New York Governors Island project as an example, is an in-depth analysis of the process of participatory design for transforming a space that had long been isolated from the public into a park and/or communal space. We found that the process of participatory design at each project phase consists of the following. First, in the preparatory phase, there was construction of public discourse: efforts to find a consensus to develop the space in a public-driven direction was led by various initiatives. Second, by opening the site to the public before the design phase and by consistently inviting a wide range of activities, a community was formed and its attachment to the site was established. Third, after the competition until the completion of the project master planning phase, substantial and active participatory design was enabled through social interaction of the community formed and developed over many years. Fourth, in the detail design and implementation phase, a traditional and passive way of participatory design such as public hearings was used, thereby preserving the expertise of professional designers. Public participation was reflected most in the master planning phase to create a broad framework of the park, while professionals designed the more specific aspects; this efficient and effective approach enabled both citizens and professionals to dutifully take part in developing the park. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The mode of participatory design should be varied at each project phase, from construction of public discourse, to formation and development of the community, to participatory design for social interaction. Furthermore, it is effective to preserve the unique roles of citizens and design professionals. It is particularly important to extend the process of participatory design to include the construction of public discourse and community.