• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.791-803
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to evaluate exophytically vertical bone formation in residual ridge of the beagle dog by the concept of guided bone regeneration with a titanium reinforced e-PTFE membrane combined with irradiated cancellous human bone. Twelve male beagle dogs(mean age 1.5 years and mean weight 12kg) were used for this study. The alveolar ridges after extraction of all mandibular premolars were surgically and horizontally removed. At 8 weeks after extractions, full-thickness flap was reflected and cortical bone was removed with round bur and copious irrigation. Rectangular parallelepiped(10mm in length, 5mm in width, and 4mm in height) bended with titanium-reinforced e-PTFE(TR e-PTFE) membrane was placed on the decorticated alveolar ridge, fixed with metal pins and covered with full-thickness flap and assigned as a control group. Test groups ere treated with TR e-PTFE membrane filled with irradiated cancellous human bone. Of twelve beagle dogs, four control dogs and four test dogs without membrane exposure to oral cavity were sacrificed at 8 and 16 weeks respectively. The surgical sites were dissected out, fixed in 4% buffered formaldehyde, dyed using a Villanueva staining technique, and processed for embedding in plastic resin. The cutting and grinding methods were routinely processed for histologic and histomophometric analyis of exophytic bone formation as well as statistical analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Exophytic bone formation in the both of experimental groups was increased respectively after surgery from 23.40% at 8 weeks to 46.26% at 16 weeks in the control groups, from 40.23% at 8 weeks to 47.11% at 16 weeks in the test groups(p<0.05). 2. At 8 weeks after surgery, exophytic bone formation was made 40.23% in the test groups and 33.40% in the control groups. Exophytic bone formation was significantly made in the test group more than in the control group. At 16 weeks after surgery, exophytic bone formation was made 44.11% in the test groups and 46.26% in the control groups. Exophytic bone formation was made in the test groups more than in the control groups, but there was no statistically significant differences. 3. The membrane was fixed with metal pins to closely contact it to the bone surface. So, collapse and deviation of the membrane could be prevented and in growth of connective tissue also could be blocked from the periphery of the membrane. On the basis of these findings, wee suggest that intraoral experimental model for exophytic bone formation may be effective to evaluate the effect of bone graft material. And it indicates that combined use of membrane and ICB graft material is more effective than use of membrane only for exophytic bone formation.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1981

도룡뇽 배부피부의 색소세포를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 표피의 색소세포는 종자층 사이에 있는 흑색소세포와 각질세포층에 산재해 있는 흑색 소보유세포로 구성되었으며 표피내 이들 세포의 특징은 다음과 같다. A. 흑색소세포의 핵은 원형 또는 타원형이며, 부분적으로 크고 작은 핵막함요를 나타내었다. B. Rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum과 Golgi체가 특히 흑색소세포의 핵 아래부분의 세포질에 잘 발달되었으며, ribosome은 특히 핵 주변부와 인접하여 산재해 있었다. C. 흑색소세포의 흑색소과립은 전자밀도가 높고 낮은 원형 또는 타원형으로 나타났다. D. 흑색소보유세포의 핵은 일부분의 핵막이 깊게 함입하였으며, 흑색소과립이 세포질에 채워져 있으므로 다른 세포소기관은 구별되지 않았다. 2. 진피는 기저막 바로 밑의 대황세포와 흑색소보유세포로 구성되었으며, 전피내 이들 세포의 특징은 다음과 같다. A. 대황세포는 크기가 다른 원형 또는 타원형의 소낭을 가지고 있으며, 그 소낭은 6가지의 형으로 구분되었다. (제 1형 prerinosome, 제 2형 pterinosome, 제 3형, pterinosome, 제 4 형 pterinosome, 제 5 형 pterinosome, 제 6 형 pterinosome). B. 진피의 흑색소보유세포의 핵은 긴 타원형이며, 핵막의 일부분이 깊게 함입되었다. C. 같은 전자밀도의 흑색소과립이 흑색소보유세포의 전 세포질에 채워져 있으며, 다른 세포소기관은 관찰되지 않았다. D. 흑색소보유세포의 돌기는 대황세포와 평행하여 뻗어 있었으며, 그 돌기속에는 흑색소과립이 채워져 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1972

Studies of blood gas and lung histopathology were done in 10 dogs after intrapericardlal aorto-right pulmonary arterial anastomosis with proximal ligation of the right pulmonary antery. Among the 5 expired during or after operation, in 3 cases, the causes of the death were due to surgical bleeding and, in 2 cases, acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency because of large anastomosis stoma measured respectively 7mm and 10mm. In the 5 of survivals, one was sacrificed because of empyema at postoperative 7 days and 2 were at postoperative one month and remained 2 at postoperative 3 month respectively. The following observations were made. 1.In every survival, continuous machinary murmur was auscultated and the angiograms of all long term survivals showed the good patency of the anastomosis stoma. 2.After the ligation of the right pulmonary artery, the values of $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ in arterial and venous blood were generally decreased comparing with the preoperative values. The mean value of $P_aO_2$ noted $83.30{pm}11.875$[p<0.01]. After the shunts operation with ligation of the right pulmonary artery, the immediate values of PH, $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$showed no significant changes comparing with that of right pulmonary artery ligation only. In the cases of survivals more than one month, the values of $PO_2$ and $PCO_2$ in the arterial and venous blood were generally higher than that of ligation of the right pulmonary artery only. The $P_aO_2$ value noted $103.750{pm}7.395$[p<0.01]. The mean values of $P_aO_2$, $PCO_2$ and PH in the arterial and venous blood almost returned to that of preoperative studies. 3.In the specimens of lung from the cadavors expired due to acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency after the operation, there were massive congestion, hemorrhage in the alveolar spaces and bronchioles. In specimens obtained at postoperative one month, there were dilatation of alveolar spaces with partial rupture, slight congestion, and alveolar wall thickening in the lung parenchyme, but there was no significant changes in pulmonary vasculature except dilation of pulmonary capillaries. In the specimens obtained at postoperative three months, the alveolar walls were more thickened in the lung parenchyme than the finding of the specimens obtained at postoperative one month. In the wall of pulmonary capillaries, there was only slight thickening with connective tissue proliferatlon.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2005

자외선은 콜라겐 분해와 같은 피부 결합조직에서 특이적인 변화를 유발한다. 세포외 기질(extracelluar matrix)내에서의 많은 변형들은 기질 금속 단백질 분해효소(matrix metalloproteinases)에 의해 매개된다. 본 연구에서는 천연물 유래의 새로운 노화방지소재를 개발하기 위해 백렴 추출물의 용매별 분획들의 항산화 활성을 검색하고, 그 중에서 활성이 가장 높게 나타난 에틸아세테이트 층에 대해 MMP-1 활성 및 human dermal fibroblasts에서 자외선에 의한 MMP-1 발현에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 백렴 추출물의 에틸 아세테이트 층은 MMP-1의 활성을 농도 의존적으로 저해하였다($IC_{50}=9{\mu}g/mL$). 또한, 자외선에 의해 증가되는 MMP-1의 발현이 에틸 아세테이트 층을 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 처리한 경우 약 $90\%$ 정도 저해되었다. 반면에 MMP-1 mRNA의 발현에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 백렴 에틸 아세테이트 층은 MMP-1의 발현을 단백질 수준에서만 저해함을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 백렴 에틸 아세테이트 층은 자외선에 의해 손상된 피부를 보호할 수 있는 새로운 노화방지 소재로 이용될 수 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.510-531
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the status of numeric rating scale (NRS) usage and suggest the potential for use in multicenter retrospective studies of various diseases. Methods: Articles published from 2011 to 2021 that used the keywords "NRS", "Multi-center", and "RCT" were identified in foreign databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL. The articles were analyzed according to their use of "NRS" by symptoms and by disease group using the major classifications of the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD-7). Results: Classification by symptom in a total of 288 articles illustrates that the NRS was not only commonly used in pain evaluation but also for non-pain symptoms. In usage with non-pain symptoms, chief complaint of patients was the most common at 79%, and other factors included treatment satisfaction, evaluation of daily life, and sleep quality. In disease classification according to the KCD-7, the NRS was commonly used in connection with musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases but was also utilized in various other disease groups. Conclusions: This study confirms usage of the NRS in multi-center RCTs, as the NRS was widely used in all types of diseases and symptoms. Considering the result and the advantages of the NRS, it is recommended for use as a daily evaluation tool for the collection of common data in multicenter retrospective studies.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2021

외상성 골낭은 임상 증상이 없으며 청소년기에 호발 한다. 주로 정기검진을 위한 파노라마 촬영시에 우연히 발견되며 병소는 비교적 경계가 뚜렷한 단일성의 방사선 투과상으로 가리비 껍질 모양의 변연을 보인다. 조직학적 소견으로 해면골내 공동과 얇고 느슨한 결합조직의 이장이 관찰된다. 상피세포의 이장이 존재하지 않는 것이 주된 조직학적 특징이다. 호발 부위는 하악 견치부와 제3대구치 사이이다. 하악 결합 부위에서는 드물게 나타난다. 외상성 골낭의 발병원인은 아직 명확하지 않다. 외상성 골낭은 외과적 적출술과 소파술로 치료되며 외과적인 처치 후 6 - 12 개월 정도 지나면 새로운 골로 채워진다. 대부분의 케이스에서 치료 전 외상성 골낭으로 진단 내리는 것은 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 증례에서는 방사선학적, 조직학적 검사를 통해 진단 내렸다. 두 환자 모두 외상 관련 병력은 없었다. 외과적 처치 후 파노라마와 CBCT를 이용하여 골성 치유를 확인하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on histologic outcomes when implant placement and lateral sinus floor elevation are performed simultaneously. Methods: Three bimaxillary premolars (P2, P3, and P4) were extracted from 4 beagle dogs 2 months before lateral sinus floor elevation. After lateral elevation of the sinus membrane, each sinus was allocated to either the test or control group. Sinuses underwent either 1) collagenated synthetic bone graft with PDRN following lateral sinus floor elevation (test group) or 2) collagenated synthetic bone graft without PDRN after lateral sinus floor elevation (control group). Eight weeks after the surgical procedure, all animals were euthanised for a histologic and histomorphometric assessment. Augmented height (AH), protruding height (PH), and bone-to-implant contact in pristine (BIC_p) and augmented (BIC_a) bone were measured. The composition of the augmented area, which was divided into 3 areas of interest located in coronal, middle and apical areas (AOI_C, AOI_M, and AOI_A), was calculated with 3 parameters: the area percentage of new bone (pNB), residual bone graft particle (pRBP), and fibrovascular connective tissue (pFVT). Results: AH, PH, BIC_p, BIC_a total, BIC_a coronal, and BIC_a middle values were not significantly different between sinuses in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). The BIC_a apical of sinuses in the test group (76.7%±9.3%) showed statistically higher values than those of sinuses in the control group (55.6%±22.1%) (P=0.038). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in AOI_A (P=0.038, P=0.028, and P=0.007, respectively). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT in AOI_C and AOI_M were not significantly different between samples in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The histologic findings revealed that lateral sinus floor elevation with PDRN might improve early new bone formation and enable higher bone-to-implant contact.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2023

The tendon is a dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone and plays an essential role in joint motion. The injured tendon heals slowly owing to its low cellularity and vascularity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of regenerative injection therapy (RIT), 20 % dextrose prolotherapy (DP), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections that can promote tendon healing. Twenty-one New Zealand white rabbits were divided into the control, DP, and PRP treatment groups. The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of the right hindlimb of each rabbit was used. A round defect of 2 mm was induced. Approximately 0.2 mL of 20% dextrose and autologous PRP were injected into the proximal and distal ends of the SDFT mass. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examination and cross-sectional area (CSA) calculations were performed pre-operatively and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The SDFT of both limbs was transected for biomechanical and histomorphometric evaluations. The SDFT of the left limb was transected for intact control. Semi-quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the histomorphometric properties. Additional analysis was performed using H&E, Masson's trichrome, and immunohistochemical staining. The biomechanical evaluation showed that the treatment groups had higher tensile strength compared to the defect control group, while the PRP group had higher tensile strength than the DP group. On histological examination, the treatment groups appeared to be relatively closer to the remodeling phase of the healing process than the defect control group; the characteristics of the PRP group were closer to the remodeling phase than those of the DP group. The ultrasonographic examination showed different tendencies. Increased values in the CSA were observed during the early period in the treatment groups. This study suggests that PRP and DP can promote the healing of tendon injury, and these effects were superior with PRP than that with DP.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.44-59
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• 1985

가옥내에 서식하는 바퀴 (Blattella germanica Linne)의 後腸을 回腸과 直腸部로 구분하여, 그들을 구성하는 上皮細胞의 微細構造를 관찰하였다. 回腸은 扁平 혹은 立方型의 細胞들이 單層上皮를 만들며 그 內面은 cuticular intima로 덮여 있었다. 細胞들은 細胞器官이 고르게 발달하여 吸收細胞의 形態를 하였으며, 細胞質內에서 동심원적인 環狀構造를 하는 層板狀 結晶體, "spherites"가 많이 관찰됨이 특징이었다. 直腸은 圓柱狀인 圓柱狀吸收細胞의 尖端部原形質膜은 微細絨毛로 변형되었고, 側部原形質膜은 약 200$\\AA$간격으로 심하게 주름이 잡혔으며 그 사이에는 크게 발달한 mitochondria가 밀착하여 mitochondrial-scalarifrom complexes를 형성하였다. 그리고 인접 細胞間에는 많은 細胞間隙을 만들며, 그 사이 사이에는 septate junction과 desmosomes 등으로 연접된 것이 여러 곳에서 관찰되었다. 基底細胞는 납작한 杯모양으로서 細胞質의 電子密度가 높아 검게 보였으며, 그 내에는 Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum 그리고 mitochondria 등 細胞器官들이 발달되었고 膜의 구조 등으로 미루어 보아 역시 吸收機能을 가진 細胞임을 확인하였다. 한편 直腸의 上皮層과 hemolymph 사이에서 壁의 역할을 하는 basal sheath가 基底面을 따라 평행하게 부착되어 있고, 그 basal sheath와 근육층 사이에는 結合組織이 넓은 subepithelial space를 만들어서 그 내에는 많은 氣官小支들과 밀도가 높은 顆粒들을 갖는 軸索이 분포하고 있었다.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2023

본 연구는 생리적, 환경적 변화에 따른 명태 Gadus chalcogrammus 피부계의 변화 연구를 위한 기초 연구로서 피부계의 구조, 구성 세포 종류 및 조직화학적 특징을 기재하였다. 측선은 전반부가 완만한 곡선형이었으며, 중반부터 후반부까지는 직선으로 나타났다. 피부는 상피층과 진피층으로 구성되며, 상피층은 다층으로 상피세포, 점액세포, 곤봉세포로 이루어져 있다. 상피세포는 표면층의 편평형 세포, 중간층의 입방형 세포, 기저층의 원주형 세포로 구성된다. 상피층의 두께는 122.9 ㎛, 체장에 대한 상피층의 두께 비율은 0.03%였다. 단세포선인 점액세포와 곤봉세포는 주로 상피층의 표면층과 중간층에 분포하며, 점액세포는 산성 당단백질의 점액물질을 함유하고 있었다. 상피층에서 점액세포와 곤봉세포의 분포비율은 각각 21.3 (± 7.0.)%와 4.0 (± 1.0)%였다. 진피층은 치밀결합조직으로 주로 콜라겐 섬유로 구성되며, 섬유세포, 혈관, 색소포, 비늘이 관찰되었다.