• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2008

The process of wound repair involves an ordered sequence of events such as overlapping biochemical and cellular events that, in the best of circumstances, result in the restoration of both the structural and functional integrity of the damaged tissue. An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissues by fibroblasts. The polypeptide growth factors, like transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), play very important mediator roles in the process of wound contraction. Deer antlers, as models of mammalian regeneration, are cranial appendages that develop after birth as extensions of a permanent protuberance (pedicle) on the frontal bone. Antlers contain various growth factors which stimulate dermal fibroblast growth. They are involved in digestion and respiration and are necessary for normal wound healing and skin health. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF in skin wounds, three groups of skin full-thickness rat models with a high concentration of antler ointment, a low concentration of antler ointment and without antler ointment were compared. At post-injury days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 and 60, the skin wound area was measured, the expressions of IGF-I, TGF- ${\beta}$ and EGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen formation by sirius red dye and the localization of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF peptides were inspected by histological immunohistochemical techniques. Wound healing was significantly more rapid in antler treated skins. In addition, the wound treated with a high concentration antler ointment, a low concentration antler ointment, and the control closed completely at post-injury day 40, day 44 and day 60, respectively. Via RT-PCR, the expressions of IGF-I (day 8 and day 16), TGF-${\beta}$(day 8, day 16 and day 20) and EGF (day 4, day 8, day 16, and day 32) were obviously up-regulated in high concentration antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results could be seen in the histological detection of collagen dye and immunohistochemical methods using the corresponding polyclone antibodies of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF. These results illustrate that antlers stimulate and accelerate the repair of cutaneous wounds.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

Objectives: Recently, thread-embedding therapy (TET) has been widely applied in Korean medicine for cosmetic purposes such as reducing skin wrinkles. An inserted thread was reported to have induced continuous stimulation, followed by support for connective tissue regeneration. However, the potential role of TET in hair-growth has not yet been reported. Methods: We designed this study to evaluate whether TET has a hair-growth-promoting effect. C57 black 6 (C57BL/6) mice were divided into three groups: normal saline-treated, minoxidil-treated, and thread-embedded groups. Normal saline or 5% minoxidil was topically sprayed on the dorsal skin of the mice once a day for 16 days. Medical threads were embedded into the dorsal skin of the mice in a single application. Hair growth activity was evaluated by using dermoscopic and microscopic observations. Sections of the dorsal skin were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Expressions of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF-7), and fibroblast growth factor-5 (FGF-5) were detected by using immunohistochemical staining. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was adopted to measure the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of FGF-7 and FGF-5. Results: TET enhanced anagen development in the hair follicles of C57BL/6 mice. The expressions of BrdU and PCNA, both of which imply active cellular proliferation, were increased by using TET. Moreover, TET increased the expression of FGF-7, an anagen-inducing growth factor, while decreasing the expression of FGF-5, an anagen-cessation growth factor, both at the protein and the mRNA levels. Conclusion: TET enhanced hair re-growth in C57BL/6 mice. TET regulated the expressions of anagen-associated growth factors and activated the proliferation of hair follicular cells in depilated skin lesions. Considering its long-lasting effect, TET may be a good alternative therapeutic for the treatment of alopecia.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

충치는 사람의 구강질환 중 가장 흔한 질환으로 Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)균이 초기 충치를 형성하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)는 대표적인 구취 유발균으로 구취 형성에 중요한 휘발성 황화합물을 생성하는데 관여한다. 치주질환은 치은결체조직과 치조골의 파괴를 유발하여 치아의 상실을 초래할 수 있는 만성 염증성 질환으로 Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia)가 원인균이다. 이번 연구에서는 cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 유효성분으로 하는 마우스워시 제품을 사용하여 S. mutans 균을 포함, 구강질환 균으로 널리 알려진 P. gingivalis, P. intermedia 대해 항균 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 시험군의 경우 S. mutans, P. gingivalis 에 대해 30 s 내에 4.00 Log, 4.68 Log의 사멸력을 확인하였고, P. intermedia의 경우 30 s 2.40 Log, 60 s 2.70 Log 사멸력을 확인하였다. 또한 Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) 염색방법을 적용하여 S. mutans 균의 감소여부를 시각적 자료로 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 CPC, NaF, 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 포함한 마우스워시 제품은 구강균 사멸을 통해 충치 및 구취와 같은 구강질환 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

An area of current research is investigating the app1ication of human mesenchymal stem cells or hMSCs as a cell-based regenerative therapy. In order to achieve effective bone regeneration, appropriate matrices functioning as cell-carriers must be identified and optimized in terms of function, efficacy and biocompatibility. Two methods of approaching optimization of matrices are to facilitate adhesion of the donor hMSCs and furthermore to facilitate recruitment of host progenitor cells to osteoblastic differentiation. Pleiotrophin is an extracellular matrix protein that was first identified in developing rat brains and believed to be associated with developing neuronal pathways. A recent publication by Imai and colleagues demonstrated that transgenic mice with upregulated pleiotrophin expression developed a greater volume of cortical as well as cancellous bone. The proposed mechanism of action of pleiotrophin is demonstrated here. Through either environmental stresses and/or intracellular regulation, there is an increase in pleiotrophin production. The pleiotrophin is released extracellularly into areas requiring bone deposition. A receptor-mediated process recruits host osteoprogenitor cells into these areas. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the osteoconductive properties of pleiotrophin. We wanted to determine if pleiotrophin coating facilitates cellular adhesion and furthermore if this has any effect on hMSCs derived bone formation in an animal model. The results showed a dose dependent response of cellular adhesion in fibronectin samples, and cellular adhesion was facilitated with increasing pleiotrophin concentrations. Histologic findings taken after 5 weeks implantation in SCID mouse showed no presence of bone formation with only a dense fibrous connective tissue. Possible explanations for the results of the osteogenesis assay include inappropriate cell loading.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2015

의암호에 서식하고 있는 말조개의 성장과 산란생태를 파악하기 위하여, 2014년 3월부터 2015년 2월까지 상대성장식, 생식소 발달단계에 따른 생식주기와 군성숙도의 월별변화를 조사하였다. 각장에 대한 각고, 각폭, 전중, 육중간의 상대성장식에서 상관계수 ($R^2$) 는 0.814-0.944로 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 말조개의 생식소는 소화맹낭의 주변부와 족부로 연결되는 망상결체조직에 분포하며 자웅이체로, 성숙한 난과 정자는 수관을 통해 아가미 반새에서 수정되어 수정란을 아가미의 보육낭에서 부화시켜 체외로 방출하는 난태생종이었다. 서식 지역의 월별 평균수온은 $3.9-25.9^{\circ}C$ 범위였다. 월별 비만도는 0.16-0.22 범위로 하계인 8월-9월에 낮은 값을 보이다가 10월부터 증가하여 11월과 1월에 0.22로 정점을 보였다. 월별 육중량비는 21.3-31.4%로 비만도의 월별 변화와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 생식소지수는 0.00-4.00 범위를 나타내었고, 4월-7월까지 정점을 보인 후 8월부터 급격히 감소하였다. 생식년주기는 분열증식기 (11-1월), 성장기 (2-3월), 성숙기 (2-5월), 산란기 (4-9월), 회복기 (8-12월)로 구분되어 하계산란종이었다. 의암호산 말조개의 산란기는 4-9월 (주산란기 4-7월) 이였으며, 군성숙 각장은 29.4 mm였다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2011

TBTCl에 36주 동안 노출된 대복, Gomphina veneriformis 의 미세구조적인 변화를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 대복의 외투막은 가장자리에 4개의 주름을 가지며, 내부와 외부상피층이 단층의 원주형 상피세포, 섬모세포, 분비세포로 구성되어 있었다. 이들 상피층은 혈림프동이 존재하는 결합조직층을 둘러싸고 있었다. 대복의 외투막은 TBTCl 노출 12주째 내부상피층에 존재하는 섬모의 수가 감소하였으며, 혈림프동의 확장과 함께 격막의 파괴가 관찰되었다. 노출 20주째 세포질내의 공포형성, 핵응축과 같은 변화가 관찰되었고, 결합조직층에서는 근섬유다발의 분절이 부분적으로 관찰되었다. 노출 28주째 상피층의 부분적인 붕괴, 섬모의 변화 및 섬모세포에 존재하는 미세구조가 괴사되었다. 결합조직층에 존재하는 다수의 근형질막은 팽창되었으며, 막의 내부에는 근섬유들이 대부분 파괴되어 막 주변에 근섬유 잔여물들이 관찰되었다. 노출 36주째에는 섬모들은 모두 탈락되고, 핵 응축되고, 이형소체의 증가가 나타나는 퇴행성 상피세포가 나타났다. 외부상피층의 상피세포들이 괴상되어 핵이 파괴되고, 세포질 내에는 다수의 용해소체들이 가득 차 있었으며, 미세융모들은 대부분 소실되었다. 따라서 만성적인 TBTCl 노출은 대복의 외투막은 각장성장 및 생리적인 기능의 장애를 유발하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2001

교원성 질환에 병발하여 나타나는 간질성 폐렴은 여러가지가있으며, 이 중 비특이성 간질성 폐렴은 통상성 간질성 폐렴과는 달리, 예후가 좋고 스테로이드에 반응이 좋은 질병이다. 저자들은 전신성 홍반성 낭창에 동반된 비특이성 간질성 폐렴환자를 경험하고, 스테로이드를 써서 치료 후 외래에서 추적 관찰하는 1예가 있었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2004

저자들은 30세 남자 환자에서 골수이식 후 발생한 만성 이식편대숙주질환에 의한 폐쇄성 세기관지염으로 인하여 발병한 이차성 재발성 기흉의 임상적 진단 및 스테로이드와 면역 억제제 치료 후 호전된 증례를 경험하였기에 이에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.205-221
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• 2004

Periodontal ligament(PDL) cells have been known as playing an important roles in periodontal regeneration and gingival fibroblasts are also important to periodontal regeneration by forming connective tissue attachment. There were rare studies about the gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts, therefore in this study, we tried cDNA microarray-based gene expression monitoring to explain the functional differences of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts in vivo and to confirm the characteristics of PDL cells. Total RNA were extracted from PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts of same person and same passages, and mRNA were isolated from the total RNA using Oligotex mRNA midi kit(Qiagen) and then fluorescent cDNA probe were prepared. And microarray hybridization were performed. The gene expression patterns of PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different. About 400 genes were expressed more highly in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts and about 300 genes were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Compared growth factor- and growth factor receptor-related gene expression patterns of PDL cells with gingival fibroblasts, IGF-2, IGF-2 associated protein, nerve growth factor, placental bone morphogenic protein, neuron-specific growth- associated protein, FGF receptor, EGF receptor-related gene and PDGF receptor were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of collagen gene expression patterns showed that collagen type I, type III, type VI and type VII were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts, and in the gingival fibroblasts collagen type V, XII were more highly expressed than PDL cells. The results of osteoblast-related gene expression patterns showed that osteoblast specific cysteine-rich protein were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. The results of cytoskeletal proteins gene expression patterns showed that a-smooth muscle actin, actin binding protein, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain homolog and myosin light chain were more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibrobalsts, and ${\beta}-actin$, actin-capping protein(${\beta}$ subunit), actin- related protein Arp3(ARP) and myosin class I(myh-1c) were more highly expressed in the gingival fibroblasts than PDL cells. Osteoprotegerin/osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor(OPG/OCIF) was more highly expressed in the PDL cells than gingival fibroblasts. According to the results of this study, PDL cells and gingival fibroblasts were quite different gene expression patterns though they are the fibroblast which have similar shape. Therefore PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts are heterogeneous populations which represent distinct characteristics. If more studies about genes that were differently expressed in each PDL cells & gingival fibroblasts would be performed in the future, it would be expected that the characteristics of PDL cells would be more clear.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

Periodontal ligament (PDL) is the connective tissue located between the tooth root and alveolar bone. In a previous study, PDLs22 was isolated as a PDL-specific gene by using subtractive hybrid-ization between cultured PDL fibroblasts and gingival fibroblasts. It was also suggested that PDLs22 plays important roles in the development, differentiation and maintenance of periodontal tissues. However, little is known about functional study of PDLs22 using recombinant protein in PDL fibroblast differentiation and periodontium formation. In this study, in order to produce the PDLs22 recombinat protein, PDLs22 expression vector were constructed and expressed its protein in various host cell and temperature conditions. The results were as follows: 1. PDLs22 protein was not strongly expressed In the induction system using pRSET-PDLs22 construct. 2. When the BL21(DE3) pLysS was used as a expression host, PDLS22 protein was strongly ex-pressed in the induction system using pHCEIIBNd-PDLs22 construct. 3. The PDLs22 protein was recognized at a molecular weight of 28 kDa in western blots. 4. Almost of the expressed PDLs22 protein was not soluble and observed like as inclusion body. 5. The protein solubility was not improved after modification of induction time and temperature during PDLs22 protein production. In this study, the system for the PDLs22 protein production was connstructed. However, the re-results suggest that further studies will be needed to produce the considerable amount of PDLs22 re-combinat protein, which can use for the periodontal regeneration.