• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권12호
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• pp.1965-1970
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• 2016

This paper studies generator rescheduling technique for congestion management in power system with wind farms. The proposed technique is formulated to minimize the rescheduling cost of conventional and wind generators to alleviate congestion subject to operational line overloading. The generator rescheduling method has been used with incorporation of wind farms in the power system. The locations of wind farms are selected based upon power transfer distribution factor (PTDF). Because all generators in the system do not need to participate in congestion management, the rescheduling has been done by generator selection based on the proposed generator sensitivity factor (GSF). The selected generators have been rescheduled using linear programming(LP) optimization techniques to alleviate transmission congestion. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been analyzed on IEEE 14-bus systems.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2017

This paper studies on effective rescheduling of generation when the single line contingency has occurred in power system with wind farm. The suggested method is formulated to minimize the rescheduling cost of conventional and wind generators to alleviate congestion. The generator rescheduling method has been used with incorporation of wind farms in the power system. Since all sensitivity is different about congestion line, Line Outage Distribution Factor(LODF) and Generator Sensitivity Factor(GSF) is used to alleviate congestion. The formulation have been proccessed using linear programming(LP) optimization techniques to alleviate transmission congestion. The effectiveness of the proposed rescheduling of generation method has been analyzed on revised IEEE 30-bus systems.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1384-1396
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 ATM망에서 ABR (Available Bit Rate) 흐름제어를 위한 RR (Relative Rate) 스위치 알고리즘의 성능을 해석하였다. RR 스위치는 망의 폭주상황을 BRM (Backward Resource Management) 셀의 CI(Congestion Indication) 비트와 NI(No Increase) 비트를 이용하여 송신원에 전달하는 방식이다. 이러한 RR 스위치는 폭주 판단 (congestion detection)과 폭주 통지(congestion notification) 방법에 따라 여러 방식 으로 구현될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 폭주 판단과 통지 방법에 따른 세 가지 방식의 RR 스위치 알고리즘의 구현 방식을 제안하고, 평형 상태에서 송신원의 ACR (Allowed Cell Rate)과 스위치의 큐 길이의 변화를 유체흐름 근사법(fluid flow approxim­a ation)을 이용하여 해석하였다. 이를 이용하여 RR 스위치에 대한 평형상태에서의 큐 길이의 최대값과 최소값에 대한 상.하한치를 유도하고, ABR 파라미터들의 변화에 따른 큐 길이의 영향을 분석하였다. 또한, 버퍼 고갈에 의한 링크 이용 효율의 저하와 버퍼 범람에 의한 셀 손실을 동시에 방지할 수 있는 RIF(Rate Increase Factor)와 RDF(Rate Decrease Factor) 파라미터의 선택영역을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2010

A plethora of transmission control protocol (TCP) congestion control algorithms have been devoted to achieving the ultimate goal of high link utilization and fair bandwidth sharing in high bandwidth-delay product (HBDP) networks. We present a new insight into the TCP congestion control problem; in particular an end-to-end delay-based approach for an HBDP network. Our main focus is to design an end-to-end mechanism that can achieve the goal without the assistance of any network feedback. Without a router's aid in notifying the network load factor of a bottleneck link, we utilize goodput and throughput values in order to estimate the load factor. The obtained load factor affects the congestion window adjustment. The new protocol, which is called TCP-goodput and throughput (GT), adopts the carefully designed inversely-proportional increase multiplicative decrease window control policy. Our protocol is stable and efficient regardless of the link capacity, the number of flows, and the round-trip delay. Simulation results show that TCP-GT achieves high utilization, good fairness, small standing queue size, and no packet loss in an HBDP environment.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• 제5A권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2005

Congestion problems of transmission lines are very important research issues in power system operations. Load curtailment is one of the ways to solve congestion problems by a major contingency. A systematic and effective mechanism for load shedding has been developed by investigating congestion distribution factors and the direct load control program. In this paper, a load shedding algorithm using linear programming for congestion problems by a major contingency is presented. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it has been tested on the 6-bus sample system and the power system of Korea, and their results are presented.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.609-611
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• 2003

This paper presents a method for a congestion management in the competitive market which is modeled as the multiple bilateral transaction. Traditionary, the congestion management for the multiple bilateral transaction is accomplished through the process of adjustment bids. It is necessary in for the market entity to submit their price information when the congestion is occured. Finally, the ISOs can be blown about the approximated contract price of participants from the price of adjustment bids. However, the entities can submit only the amount of their contract to ISOs and ISOs are required the method to manage the congestion only by the contracted quantity. Therefore, this paper presents a method for congestion management by curtailing the only contracted quantity of market entities. To evaluated the above problem, we suggest Bilateral Transaction Distribution Factors(BTDFs), which is the sensitivity of line flow with curtailment of transactions. Using this factor, we studied about congestion management when the objective function is to minimize total curtailment of transaction.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2010

무선 메쉬 네트워크는 무선 인프라 환경에서 고정이나 이동 중에 모든 노드가 통신을 할 수 있는 다중 경로를 가지는 새로운 네트워크이다. 하지만 무선 메쉬 네트워크는 유선망과 달리 무선 매체를 사용하기 때문에 경로손실, 간섭, 핸드오프 등으로 높은 패킷 손실률을 보이고 TCP(Transport Control Protocol) 알고리즘은 무선 메쉬 네트워크의 패킷손실 원인을 네트워크 내의 혼잡으로 인식하기 때문에 TCP 혼잡제어 알고리즘(Congestion Control Algorithm)을 실행하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무선 메쉬 네트워크 환경에 적응력을 가지도록 기존의 TCP 혼잡제어 알고리즘의 혼잡 윈도우 값을 노드의 이동에 따라 유연하게 조절하는 새로운 TCP 혼잡제어 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.861-863
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• 2005

LMP based congestion management method is suggested as an effective tool, because network congestion can be handled by energy price. It is now being widely used in the North American Electricity Markets. Among them, FGR(Flow-gate rights) is considered to be appropriate for our system, as power flow through the congested line is unidirectional and congestion occurs in the known place. In the CBP market, hedging through transmission right is not necessary even though location pricing system is adopted, because there are no risks in the energy price. Rut, transmission rights should be adopted in the advanced market. Key issue when implementing FGR is how to decide transmission right issuance quantify. This paper deals with a method to decide transmission right issuance quantity by using power. Transfer Distribution Factor(PTDF).

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2011

유선네트워크 환경에서의 Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) 패킷 손실은 대부분 네트워크의 혼잡에 의해서 발생한다. 하지만, 무선네트워크 환경에서는 무선 네트워크의 특징 중 하나인 높은 Bit Error Rate (BER)에 의한 손실이 대부분 일어난다. 네트워크는 무선 신호 품질에 의한 패킷 손실을 혼잡제어에 의한 손실로 판단하여, 혼잡제어 메커니즘이 빈번하게 수행된다. 무선 환경의 패킷 손실율을 이용하여 Explicit Wireless Loss Notification (EWLN) 알고리즘에서 발생될 수 있는 비효율적인 Congestion Window의 크기를 보다 효율적으로 재조정함으로써, 기존의 EWLN 알고리즘을 개선하는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.111-135
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• 2015

Bridge behavior under passing traffic loads has been studied for the past 50 years. This paper presents how to model congestion on bridges and how the maximum dynamic stress of bridges change during the passing of moving vehicles. Most current research is based on mid-span dynamic effects due to traffic load and most bridge codes define a factor called the dynamic load allowance (DLA), which is applied to the maximum static moment under static loading. This paper presents an algorithm to solve the governing equation of the bridge as well as the equations of motions of two real European trucks with different speeds, simultaneously. It will be shown, considering congestion in eight case studies, the maximum dynamic stress and how far from the mid-span it occurs during the passing of one or two trucks with different speeds. The congestion effect on the maximum dynamic stress of bridges can make a significant difference in the magnitude. By finite difference method, it will be shown that where vehicle speeds are considerably higher, for example in the case of railway bridges which have more than one railway line or in the case of multiple lane highway bridges where congestion is probable, current designing codes may predict dynamic stresses lower than actual stresses; therefore, the consequences of a full length analysis must be used to design safe bridges.