• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.103-120
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• 2010

Objective : To review the trend of the study related to Leech therapy and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on Leech therapy. Methods : I reviewed and analyzed all the theses published in Domestic and Foreign research institution from 1990 to 2009. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Analyzed number of theses published, there was no significance per year. 2. Classified by theme of journal, journals related to surgery were most(41 journals, 75.92%) among 54 kinds. 3. Classified by theses by research method and thesis types, case report accounted for nearly twothirds (52 pieces, 68.42%) of all theses and consideration of document was next(9 pieces, 11.84%). 4. With the most case of venous congestion after plastic and reconstructive surgery(33 pieces, 63.46%), leech therapy was effective on illnesses such as haematoma, macroglossia, purpura, varicous vein, avulsion injury, neurovascular compression, diabetic neuropathy, penoscrotal oedema, buerger's disease, rheumatoid arthritis. 5. Two most appeared adverse effects were anemia and infection. Immediate blood transfusion was done for recovering anemia and prophylactic 3rd generation antibiotics to infection were emphasized in more than half of case reports. 6. All of consideration of documents was retrospective study of cases related leech therapy and 3 pieces of them emphasized prophyratic antibiotic treatment for preventing infection. 7. The study of clinical trail type started first in 2002 and osteoarthritis of knee and carpometacarpal joint were main target. As see above result, Leech therapy was effective cure and could be used in disease induced by venous congestion. And I think that it is necessary to perform additional study related to solution of problems about leech therapy and protocol for using in clinical practice.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2004

실시간 교통정보 제공을 통하여 네트웍의 혼잡 완화를 효과적으로 도모할 수 있는 혼잡관리 전략을 마련하기 위해서 먼저 매체를 통해 제공되는 정보의 효과를 계량화할 필요가 있다. 이를 위하여 우선적으로 교통정보의 제공에 따른 개별 운전자의 경로전환 의사결정에 대한 보다 명확한 이해가 뒷받침되어야 한다. 지금까지의 경로전환 행태에 관한 대부분의 연구들은 정보매체로부터 취득한 정보가 경로전환에 미치는 영향을 분석하였을 뿐, 실제로 경로전환 의사결정에 영향을 미치는 관측 가능한 대기행렬이나 평균 주행 속도 등의 관측정보는 모형화하지 않았다. 따라서 관측정보로 인한 영향이 매체정보의 효과로 간주되고, 매체정보의 효과는 과대평가 되었을 우려가 있다. 본 연구에서는 출 퇴근 통행을 하는 운전자가 통행 중에 매체정보 및 관측정보를 취득하여 경로를 전환하는 의사결정 행태를 모형으로 구축하였다. 아울러 관측정보를 고려함으로써 매체의 효과를 합리적으로 평가할 수 있음을 보였다. 이 모형을 활용하여 ITS 정보 제공에 따른 혼잡완화 효과를 보다 합리적으로 설명할 수 있으며, 이는 교통혼잡 관리를 위한 정책적 분석에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제30A권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1993

In this paper, we propose over-reporting avoidance scheme which avoids congestion of network traffics by adjusting managed system's over-reporting, on the OSI network management model which reports events from managed system to managing system. In case of reporting events from managed system to managing system, management traffic concentration occurs, and it causes over-loading on the managing system and congestion on the network. This scheme takes advantage of feedback from managing system to managed system. Managed system transmits event reports as much as maximum event pertime allocated to itself to managing system, and it sets it's management variables to LOCK state and stops event reports as Threshold time is reached. At the time, managing system directs event reports again by using M-set primitive with referring it's status. With this scheme, distributed processing, dynamic network adaptation, convergence of optimal operation point is possible. In addition to it, a fairness is assured. In order to detect characteristics of the Unary feedback over-reporting avoidance scheme. It is observed a control capability of the event reporting and fairness of each nodes through measuring. ThresholdTime value. It is measured a number of mean activating nodes and maintained time of LOCK state according to event reporting load, and also measured lost ratio of management packet, queuing delay in managing system, and goodput to observe effects of general packet load. Binary feedback scheme. Unary feedback overreporting avoidance scheme and raw scheme on the OSI network management system each are compared and analyzed, and finally proved that the scheme proposed in this study performs better.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for estimating additional carbon emissions due to freeway incidents. METHODS : As our country grows, our highway policy has mainly neglected the environmental and social sectors. However, with the formation of a national green growth keynote and an increase in the number of people interested in environmental and social issues, problems related to social issues, such as traffic accidents and congestion, and environmental issues, such as the impact of air pollution caused by exhaust gases that are emitted from highway vehicles, are beginning to be discussed. Accordingly, studies have been conducted on a variety of environmental aspects in the field of road transport, and for the quantitative calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, using various methods. However, in order to observe the effects of carbon emissions, microscopic simulations must use many difficult variables such as cost, analysis time, and ease of analysis process. In this study, additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur because of highway traffic accidents were classified by type (incident handling time, number of lanes blocked, freeway level of service), and the annual additional emissions based on incidents were calculated. According to the results, congestion length and emissions tend to increase with an increase in incident clearance time, number of occupied lanes, and worsening level of service. Using this data, we analyzed accident data on the Gyeong-bu Expressway (Yang-Jae IC - Osan IC) for a year. RESULTS : Additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur because of highway traffic accidents were classified by type (incident handling time, number of lanes blocked, freeway level of service) and annual additional emissions caused by accidents were calculated. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a methodology for estimating carbon emissions due to freeway incidents was developed that incorporates macroscopic flow models. The results of the study are organized in the form of a look-Up table that calculates carbon emissions rather easily.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.61-74
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• 2005

본 연구는 운전분노와 교통정체가 운전행동에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것이다. 운전분노란 운전 중 경험하는 분노로서 개인적 특질성향이다. 이 개인전 성향은 운전 중 도발적이고 도전적인 상황에 부딪혔을 때 난폭운전으로 표출된다. 그런데 운전분노는 다른 성격특질처럼 개인차가 있어서 운전분노 수준에 따라 교통상황에서 느끼는 분노의 정도는 차이가 나고, 이 차이는 난폭운전의 차이로 나타날 가능성이 높다. 본 연구에서는 차량 시뮬레이터인 RTSA-DS를 이용하여 세 가지 교통상황(소통원활, 주행차로정체 및 선행차량의 서행으로 인한 진행방해 상황)을 가상현실 교통상황으로 제시하고, 운전분노 수준에 따른 운전행동을 조사 비교하였다. 그 결과 운전분노 수준이 높은 운전자가 낮은 운전자에 비해 주행차로 정체상황에서 빠른 속도로 주행하였으며, 주행차로 정체상황에서 정체를 피하기 위해 차로변경을 시도하였고, 이 과정에서 충돌사고의 개입율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 운전분노 수준이 높은 운전자가 정체상황에서 난폭운전과 위험운전을 감행한다는 이전의 연구결과와 일치한다. 그러나 운전 분노 수준이 높은 집단이 주로 20대 운전자로 구성되었고, 운전분노와 연령간의 상관이 높은 점을 감안할 때 본 연구의 결과 적용 시 주의가 필요하다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.236-242
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• 2022

부산항은 다수 터미널 운영사에 의해 분리 운영되고 있어 ITT(Inter-Terminal Transportation) 물량이 다수 발생한다. ITT 물량발생은 추가 운송비용, 공차운송, 차량 대기 및 터미널 혼잡 등 다양한 문제를 초래해 부산항 경쟁력을 약화시키고 있다. 그 중 공차운송 문제는 부산항 ITT 운영에 있어서 비용 문제를 악화시키는 대표적인 요인이지만 부산항의 ITT 복화율은 낮은 수준에 머물고 있다. 부산항 환적 경쟁력 강화를 위해서는 ITT 복화율을 높일 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 ITT의 복화율 개선을 위해 완충지역을 활용한 복화운송 최대화 수리모형을 제시하였다. 그리고 실제 운영 데이터에 기반한 실험을 통해 완충지역 활용에 따른 복화율 개선 효과를 분석하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2024

The frequent handover problem and playing ping-pong effects in 5G (5th Generation) ultra-dense networking cannot be effectively resolved by the conventional handover decision methods, which rely on the handover thresholds and measurement reports. For instance, millimetre-wave LANs, broadband remote association techniques, and 5G/6G organizations are instances of group of people yet to come frameworks that request greater security, lower idleness, and dependable principles and correspondence limit. One of the critical parts of 5G and 6G innovation is believed to be successful blockage the board. With further developed help quality, it empowers administrator to run many systems administration recreations on a solitary association. To guarantee load adjusting, forestall network cut disappointment, and give substitute cuts in case of blockage or cut frustration, a modern pursuing choices framework to deal with showing up network information is require. Our goal is to balance the strain on BSs while optimizing the value of the information that is transferred from satellites to BSs. Nevertheless, due to their irregular flight characteristic, some satellites frequently cannot establish a connection with Base Stations (BSs), which further complicates the joint satellite-BS connection and channel allocation. SF redistribution techniques based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have been devised, taking into account the randomness of the data received by the terminal. In order to predict the best capacity improvements in the wireless instruments of 5G and 6G IoT networks, a hybrid algorithm for deep learning is being used in this study. To control the level of congestion within a 5G/6G network, the suggested approach is put into effect to a training set. With 0.933 accuracy and 0.067 miss rate, the suggested method produced encouraging results.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1972

In order to investigate the effects of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) on animals, a total of 105 mice given a ration containing different percentage of bracken fern were studied pathologically during the experimental period of 90 days. The results obtained were as follow: 1. Mice in the group, given a ration containing 15% of bracken fern, showed 85% of death rate in 90 days, and mice in the group, given a ration containing 25% of it, showed 100% in 30 days 2. The experimental mice showed decreased myeloid cells and significant reduction in erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. 3. Severe congestion and hemorrhages were observed in lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, intestine, brain, adrenal and testis from the ones that died during the experimental period, but the necropsies of the latter period indicated mild chanties comparatively. 4. Mice in the group, given a ration containing 15% blacken fern showed a decreasing tendency in body weight.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2002

The rebuilding method for old apartment housing blocks has merits of providing new buildings and larger private living spaces. However, it causes many serious urban problems, such as shortage of infrastructure capacity, traffic congestion, reduction of building life, and deterioration of open space quality. Nowadays, remodeling is accepted as a way of overcoming such negative effects of the rebuilding method. This study focuses on the various techniques of remodeling. The results of this research are as follows; First, old apartment blocks provide poor level of service in general, so they have problems of bad accessibility, deterioration of facilities, and degraded landscape. In many cases, there is a hindrance from walking freely and security problem due to illegal privatization of public spaces. Second, various remodeling techniques are required to meet residents' different needs. The residents of apartment housing value private space above public space, and show low level of willingness to pay cost for remodeling. Third, based on these findings, some remodeling techniques are suggested - integration of a space to another, expansion of spaces, connection of spaces, reuses of roofs and walls, relocation and renovation of paths between buildings, and so on.