• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.120-131
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• 2005

Statement of problem. More than 70% of patients who need the implant supported restoration are parially edentulous. The principles of design for implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region are many and varied. Jurisdiction for their use is usually based on clinical evaluation. There are several areas or interest regarding the design of implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region. 1) Straight and tripod configuration in implant placement, 2) Two restoration types such as individualized and splinted restorations. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and distribution of stress around the implant fixtures placed in the mandibular posterior region with two different arrangements and to evaluate the effects of splinting using the photoelastic stress analysis. Material & methods. 1) Production of study model: Mandibular partially edentulous model was waxed-up and duplicated with silicone and two models were poured in stone. 2) Fixture installation and photoelastic model construction: Using surveyor(Ney, USh), 3 fixtures(two 4.0 $\times$13 mm, one 5.0$\times$10 mm, Lifecore, USA) were insta)led in straight & tripod configurations. Silicone molds were made and poured in photoelastic resin (PL-2. Measurements group, USA). 3) Prostheses construction: Four 3-unit bridges (Type III gold alloy, Dongmyung co., Korea) were produced with nonhexed and hexed UCLA abutments and fitted with conventional methods. The abutments were tightened with 30 Ncm torque and the static loads were applied at 12 points of the occlusal surface. 4) Photoelastic stress analysis : The polarizer analyzer system with digital camera(S-2 Pro, Fujifilm, Japan) was used to take the photoelastic fringes and analysed using computer analysis program. Results. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed different stress patterns between two implant arrangement configurations, but there were no stress transfer to adjacent implants from the loaded implant in both configurations. However splinted restorations showed lesser amount of stresses in the loaded implants and showed stress transfer to adjacent implants in both configurations. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration with tripod configuration developed higher stresses in anterior and middle implants under loading than implants with straight configurations. Splintied 3 unit fixed partial dentures with tripod configuration showed higher stress development in posterior implant under loading but there were no obvious differences between two configurations. Conclusions. The tripod configuration of implant arrangement didn't show any advantages over the straight configuration. Splinting of 3 unit bridges with nonhexed UCLA abutments showed less stress development around the fixtures. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed tilting of implant fixture under offset loads.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.687-690
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• 1995

The configuration of design technology in 21st century must require collaborative design system, in which distributed design organizations and their related enterprises can mutually cooperate by overcoming time and regional restictions, and by exactily exchanging and sharing desing data. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary that the design system can propery deal with the dynamic change between regionally distributed modules. In this paper, we will discuss developing the dynamic virtual collaborative design system based on WWW by implementing recent web technologies such as Java and VRML.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.41-44
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• 2006

In the field of launch vehicle development, aerodynamic design means an overall management about external appearances. At least, related to outer figures of the launch vehicle, aerodynamic design has the initiative activities. For that reason, in this report, aerodynamic design techniques and application methods will be introduced.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Signs that are installed at unnoticeable places or that disconnect before the destination can bring errors of location information delivery. Therefore, this study aims to find out the spatial relation between structure of space and signs in the perspective of visual exposure possibility, operating arrangement and assesment by applying spatial structure theory. Methods: Effectiveness of organization of guidance signs was evaluated after the four way-finding factors(Plan Configuration, Sign System, Perceptual Access, Architectural Difference) that G.D.Weisman suggested were interpreted by spatial structure theory(J-Graph analysis, Space Syntax, Visual Graph Analysis) under the premise that it is closely related to the structure of space. Results: 1) Because the south corridor that connects each department of outpatient division is located in the hierarchy center of the space, and walking density is expected to be high, guidance signs need to be organized at the place with high integration value. 2) The depth to the destination space can be estimated through J-Graph analysis. The depth means a switch of direction, and the guidance signs are needed according to the number. 3) According to visibility graph analysis, visual exposure can be different in the same hierarchy unit space according to the shape of the flat surface. Based on these data, location adjustment of signs is possible, and the improvement effect can be estimated quantitatively. Implications: Spatial structure theory can be utilized to design and evaluate sign systems, and it helps to clearly understand the improvement effect. It is desirable to specify design and estimation of sign systems in the order of J-Graph analysis${\rightarrow}$Space Syntax Theory${\rightarrow}$visibility graph analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

A modeling and simulation program for an environmental control system (ECS) of a pod installed under wings of an aircraft was developed in order to estimate the system‘s performance during a flight. First, through the system configuration analysis in the main operational condition of the aircraft system, an ECS configuration adopting an air cycle machine (ACM) was selected. Therefore the modeling program was developed to simulate the ECS with an ACM. Second, the sensitivity analyses on performance variation of main components were conducted to complete the conceptual design of the ECS. A design point for the system and its components was obtained through the analysis with the modeling and simulation program. The design point for the system and components was obtained through the analysis with the modeling and simulation program. Third, in order to study the feasibility of the ECS configuration, off-design performances of the ECS on various flight conditions, such as take off, maneuver, cruise and landing etc were estimated. Dynamic characteristics were analyzed by transient performance evaluations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.144-152
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• 2015

In modern city, art museum is regarded as significant institutions because it includes educational roles beyond the means of facilities for historical exhibitions. Based on these flow, various research of museum's space with view from the operational point to the spatial analysis point has been approached. Moreover, it is required to address human behavior in art museum space on the ground that lots of audience move simultaneously. In the field of interior architecture, it is also necessary to analyze how design elements affect the human behavior directly and use the method of controling a circulation. In this research, based on the role and importance of the basic components of the interior space, re-interprets the exhibition space based on the relevant theory, to comprehensively examine the influence the shape of the space is on the substantially walking behavior. Therefore, first is to determine whether the spatial type corresponding to the position of the connectors in the exhibition space. Second is to conduct the investigation observation for gathering the actual viewing exhibition circulation. Finally, it analyzed whether the observed actual circulation and planned circulation matched. As the result, the position of the connectors is that causes the difference of the spatial configuration, which affects the viewing circulation was found. The significance of the research is to present the form to plans of the interior space as a method of reducing congestion perception of viewing circulation.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.65-75
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• 2019

This study aims at analyzing the therapeutic design characteristics implemented in the indoor atriums of the outpatient areas in four children's hospitals in London and San Francisco. A mixed-method approach was used to examine the spatial configurations and design elements in the atriums, while a literature review was conducted to understand the therapeutic design characteristics relevant to atrium spaces and children's healthcare facilities. The spatial design and the pattern of use of the atrium in each hospital were studied during field visits and interviews with the hospital management staff. Based on the literature review and the observations from the field study, a Visibility Graphic Analysis was chosen to examine the visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility of the spatial configurations in the atriums of each hospital. In addition, the openness, restfulness, and vibrant ambience of the design elements in the atriums of each hospital were investigated by surveying fifty-two design professionals on the quality of the design elements in the atriums. A spatial configuration analysis, confirmed that all the atrium spaces had high visibility, accessibility, and intelligibility due to their high connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and because the atriums were laid out in the open lobby space, along the major circulation axis, or in the circulation intersection. In the survey of the design element evaluation, all atriums proved to be appropriate in terms of openness, while the adequacy of restfulness and vibrant ambience differed depending on the hospitals. Notably, location and orientation, access, natural light, outdoor view, and play facilities were found significant environmental design elements determining the successful implementation of the therapeutic design in the atriums. The observations from the aforementioned are further discussed to enhance the therapeutic design quality of atrium spaces in children's hospitals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.601-604
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to investigate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete columns confined by lateral ties. This test was carried on the twelve reinforced concrete columns, 200$\times$200$\times$800mm size. objected to flexure and constant axial loads. The main variables are concrete strength, the configuration of lateral ties and the amount of lateral ties. Test results indicated that steel configuration plays an important role in column behavior, and a proper configuration of lateral ties can be more ductile than the reduce of the space of lateral ties. By this experiment, the ductility of high-strength concrete columns designed on A.C.I Code is not adequate, and are concluded that the design of high-strength concrete column is executed by more lateral ties under high axial loads.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2012

In this paper, requirements of GNSS receiver station installation are derived for optimizing the performance of network based GNSS precise positioning by concern of international organization(IGS, NGS) recommendation. Also a analysis method of network based GNSS precise positioning is suggested in order to evaluate the availability depending on various network configurations. To evaluate network candidates, a performance evaluation method is proposed for positioning of users according to a geometric configuration and the baseline distance. After the proposed method is used to Ochang region that is a the test area 6 network candidates are derived and the performance of positioning was analyzed. Finally, Ansung, Gongju, Eumsung, Boeun network configuration was selected as the best positioning performance. An optimal Receiving station network was selected using the proposed method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1218-1228
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• 1997

The move limit strategy is used to avoid the excessive approximation in the structural optimization. The size of move limit has been obtained by engineering experience. Recently, efforts based on analytic methods are performed by some researchers. These methods still have problems, such as prematurity or oscillation of the move limit size. The existing methods usually control the bound of design variables based on the magnitude. Thus, they can not properly handle the configuration variables based on the geometry in the configuration optimization. In this research, the size of move limit is calculated based on the accuracy of approximation. The method is coded and applied to the two-point reciprocal quadratic approximation method. The efficiency is evaluated through examples.