• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the precision of measurements taken of dental implants in bucco-lingually sectioned views of the maxilla by linear tomograms of the panorama and to assess the visibility of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus. Materials and Methods : Eighty sites prepared with implants of gutta percha cone in the sockets of the upper premolars and molars of 10 dry skulls were radiographically examined using linear tomograms of panorama, and scanned coronally and axially by computed tomography. The differences in mm between the measurements in bucco-lingually sectioned images of maxillary alveolar bone and the true length and width of the implanted gutta percha cones were compared as mean values (mean) and standard deviations (SD) for each radiographic technique. Linear tomography of panorama was compared with computed tomography for visualization of the relationship between the inferior wall of maxillary sinus and the end of each implant. Results: The deviations between the actual implant length and the measured values taken from the linear tomograms (0.44±0.39 mm) was significantly less than the measured values from the multiplanar reconstructed images of the axially scanned computed tomogram (1.21 ± 0.90 mm). There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between two techniques in the differences between the measurements and true implant length. The relationship of the inferior border of maxillary sinus with end of implant was worse identified with the linear tomogram of panorama (68%) than the multiplanar reconstructed image of axially scanned computed tomogram (99%). Conclusion: We could not find any differences in the accuracy of length measurement between the linear tomogram of panorama and computed tomogram, but computed tomogram allowed for a better visualization of the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus than the linear tomogram.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.429-438
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• 2018

Cone and T-bar penetrometers have been frequently used to estimate the undrained shear strength of clay. For small-size model tests, miniature penetrometers should be used but their correlation factors have not been well published. In this study, a testing setup was developed to derive empirical factors of the miniature cone and T-bar penetrometers. A 350mm-diameter chamber and kaolin clay were utilized to prepare soil specimens consolidated under four different pre-consolidation pressures controlling undrained shear strength. Two miniature cones with two diameters of 10-mm and 16-mm and a T-bar penetrometer with 10-mm diameter were used to investigate boundary effect, penetration rate effect, and diameter and shape effect. Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests were carried out with samples taken from the specimens to measure undrained shear strength. Finally, empirical factors for the penetrometers were constructed to correlate tip resistance to undrained shear strength.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1356-1361
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• 2004

Moxa-combustion therapy make use of heat stimulus and chemicals result form when cauterize the skin with moxa cones to medical cares. However, recently moxibustion have been utilized less than acupuncture for treatment of disease in a practicing oriental physicians. To determine variable parameters (the numbers, the times, the quantities, the locations) affected moxibustion's effects, the gastrin serum level in rats were observed. In experiment, male Spraque-Dawley rats (body wt. 140-160g) were selected. Anything is performed to normal group. Control group were only anesthetized with inhalation in normal group. Experimental group were anesthetized and cauterized with moxa at BL21 by way of direct moxibustion. The size of moxa cone is 1.6±0.2㎎. The moxibustion as 5 times a day for five days has shown most significant effects and the moxibustion as a aquantity of 1, 5, 10 times moxa united one respectly, inverse to quantity in effects. The moxibustion for five days has also shown an most significant effects. The moxibustion at unilateral acupoints BL21 have less effects than bilateral one and these effects had no difference between control group after vagotomy. This results indicate that moxibustion's effects are not direct proportion to moxa cone size and frequency but imply that there is adequate value of moxibustion.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.847-856
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• 2007

The Planetary nebula NGC 6881 displays quadrupole morphology and it also has a jet feature in its image. We investigated the line profiles of the optical region spectral emission lines, using the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES) at the Lick observatory. The HES data obtained in this study was the radiation coming from the inner region within the diameter of 4 second of arc. Expansion velocity was obtained, based on the strong emission line profiles of e.g. H, Hel, Hell, [OIII], [NII], [ArIII], [SII], and [SIII}, using the IRAF and StarLink/Dipso reduction packages. The HI recombination lines showed one single peak profile, while the He and forbidden strong lines displayed double peaks. The results of this study show that the outflow velocity of gas increases radially outwards due to the central stellar radiation pressure. It was concluded that three central rings appeared in the HST image are the result of a combined structure of bipolar cones (seen in e.g. HI lines) and a ring (seen in He, [SIII] lines) in projection.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 1996

We are often faced with the clinical situations that is inevitably extended SSD for electron beam therapy due to anatomical restriction or applicator structure. But there are some difficulties in accurately predicting output and properties. In electron beam treatment , unlike photon beam the decrease in output for extended SSD does not follow inverse-square law accurately because of a loss of side scatter equilibrium, which is particularly significant for small cone size and low energies. The purpose of our study is to analyze the output in changing with the energy, cone size, air gap beyond the standard SSD and to compare inverse-square law factor derived from calculated effective SSD, mominal SSD with measured output factor. In addition, we have analyzed the change of PDD for several cones with different SSDs which range from 100cm to 120cm with 5cm step and with different energies(6MeV, 9MeV, 12MeV, 16MeV, 20MeV). In accordance with our study, an extended SSD produces a significant change in beam output, negligible change in depth dose which range from 100cm to 120cm SSDs. In order to deliver the more accurate dose to the neoplastic tissue, first of all we recommend inverse-square law using the table of effective SSDs with cone sizes and energies respectively or simply to create a table of extended SSD air gap correction factor. The second we need to have an insight into some change of dose distribution including PPD, penumbra caused by extended SSD for electron beam therapy.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.491-500
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• 2002

Magnetic anomalies in the Dokdo and it's surroundings were investigated with respect to structure and origin of the Dokdo and surrounding seamounts. After normal and diurnal correction of measured magnetic data, crossover correction was applied to reduce errors between sets of magnetic anomalies. The errors from crossover operation result in decrease of about 51%, from 62.2 nT to 30.1 nT in standard deviation. Reduction-to-the-pole, second vertical derivative and analytic signal processing were applied to explore magnetic anomaly signatures in detail. Magnetic anomalies are most complicated in the 1st-Dok seamount, show SWW-NEE linear pattern in the 2nd-Dok seamount and lower to the 3rd-Dok seamount. Different magnetic anomaly patterns in three seamounts imply that three volcanic seamounts were formed at different times and are composed of rocks that were produced in different conditions. It seems that the 3rd-Dok seamount was first to form and followed by the 1st-Dok seamount. The complicated magnetic and second vertical derivative anomaly patterns in the 1st-Dok seamount may be due to subsidiary cones around crater or the presence of intruded magma bodies below sea surface and the Dokdo is probably a marginal subsidiary part of crater.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle kinesio taping on postural control function during exercise in university students. Method : Thirty subjects were randomly allocated to three groups: Y taping group (n=20), I taping group (n=20) and Non-taping group (n=20). All groups underwent the same exercise program including stretching for 30 minutes. The exercise program proceeded in the following order: five minutes of stretching, a 20-minutes exercise program, and additional five 5 minutes of stretching. Of the eight exercise methods suggested by Purcell et al, seven were chosen (lateral shuffle, forward & backward running, agility ladder, figure-of-8, forward jogging while jumping over cones, wall jumps and zigzags); $90^{\circ}$ cuts with lateral shuffle were omitted. The postural control functions was measured participants's perceptions of stability, confidence, and reassurance using methods suggested by Purcell et al,. Result : The confidence was significant difference in I taping group compared to Non taping group. The reassurance was significant difference in Y taping group and I taping group compared to Non taping group. Conclusion : The Kinesio taping increased confidence, and reassurance during exercise in university students. Additional research on Kinesio taping for improving range of motion and agility is need.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2003

When analyzing forms in the human body and clothes, we conceptualize each part into a cone, sphere, and cylinder, and the esthetic characteristics of our fashion culture and esthetic fashion characteristics of Koreans are composed by expressing with universal images such as circle, square, and triangle when forms are expressed in a plane. To determine how the structural principle of shapes that are the shapes of all things and basic to geometry, i.e., circle, square, and triangle, applies to clothes that cloth our body called the small cosmos, we discussed the symbolic meaning hidden inside the structure of Korean clothes based on the basic pattern drafting method of Korean men’s traditional trousers. We drew the conclusion that Korean men's trousers composed of circles, triangles, and squares express the five elements diagram through their plane structure, are designed in circles with cones and pyramids, and are made to well express the principle of the small cosmos of our body. Moreover, when the basic pattern of Korean men’s trousers explained with the antipathy diagram is viewed to create all things while maintaining opposite and complementary relationship with Sangsang (mutually benefitting factor), it would be correct to say that the principle of the top verse the bottom is viewed as conflicting. From the structural point of view, since the philosophy of the Samsu principle (the principle of 1, 2 and 3 in which 1 represents the heaven, 2 represents the earth, and 3 represents the people) is hidden in Korean men's trousers in which Hurimalgi (the part of trousers corresponding to the waist band of Western pants) is the circle representing the heaven, Marupok is the square representing the earth, and Sapok is the triangle representing the people, we could look at deep meaning of our ancestors expressed in our clothes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2016

This study was conducted to examine litter fall, litter decomposition, and a short-term nutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) status for one year at various levels of basal area (21.4, 27.0, 30.8, 37.0, 42.1, and 46.7 m² ha^-1) in approximately 40-yearold red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stands in the Hwangmaesan mountain forest in Korea. Monthly fluxes of litter fall components such as needles, broad leaves, branches, bark and total litter fall followed a similar pattern at various levels of basal area. Mean annual needle, bark and total litter fall fluxes were positively correlated with increased basal area (p<0.05), but the woody litter such as branches and cones was not correlated with basal area. Carbon and K concentrations of needle litter were negatively correlated with increased basal area, while nutrient (C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) fluxes were positively correlated with the basal area treatments. Remaining mass, N and P concentration and remaining N and P stocks in decomposing needle litter were not affected by the basal area. However, the concentration and stocks remaining of K, Ca, and Mg from decomposing litter were positively correlated with increased basal area during the initial three months of decomposition. The results indicate that basal area has an impact on nutrient cycles through change in litter fall and litter decomposition processes; thus, the dynamics of nutrient cycles based on a stand scale could differ considerably with different levels of basal area in red pine stands.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.549-568
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• 2010

This paper analyzed the topics dealing with three-dimensional figures in most recently revised mathematics textbooks on the basis of the national mathematics curriculum announced in 2007. First, the overall content was analyzed with regard to how textbooks were aligned to the curriculum as well as how the main elements including the definitions of specific solid figures were introduced and developed in different units across grades. Second, the instructional methods of three-dimensional figures were analyzed, which specifically revealed the lack of inquiry phase before introducing cones and pyramids. Third, the instructional methods to foster students' spatial sense with solid figures were analyzed, which showed the increased focus on the prediction and representation of figures. It is expected that the issues and suggestions from this study are informative revising curricular materials and applying them to the classroom.