• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.1293-1300
• /
• 2018

The $360^{\circ}$ video has a lot of image information and usefulness; however, the position of the audio source judged by hearing is different from the position on the screen. Therefore, human feels tired, the immersion decrease and user cant watch the video for Moreer time. In this paper, the concordance rate of the video and the audio localization is defined. The rate is expressed in a percentage. It means how much the system makes the sound localization real according to the position of the source on the screen. With this rate, the audio localization performance of immersive audio producing and playing system can be evaluated. It will be helpful for developers to make the higher performance system and expected to contribute to make makinguality system with reality.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.14.1-14.11
• /
• 2021

Background: Quantitation of urine protein is important in dogs with chronic kidney disease. Various analyzers are used to measure urine protein-to-creatinine ratios (UPCR). Objectives: This study aimed to compare the UPCR obtained by three types of analyzers (automated wet chemistry analyzer, in-house dry chemistry analyzer, and dipstick reading device) and investigate whether the differences could affect clinical decision process. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 115 dogs. UPCR values were obtained using three analyzers. Bland-Altman and Passing Bablok tests were used to analyze agreement between the UPCR values. Urine samples were classified as normal or proteinuria based on the UPCR values obtained by each analyzer and concordance in the classification evaluated with Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: Passing and Bablok regression showed that there were proportional as well as constant difference between UPCR values obtained by a dipstick reading device and those obtained by the other analyzers. The concordance in the classification of proteinuria was very high (κ = 0.82) between the automated wet chemistry analyzer and in-house dry chemistry analyzer, while the dipstick reading device showed moderate concordance with the automated wet chemistry analyzer (κ = 0.52) and in-house dry chemistry analyzer (κ = 0.53). Conclusions: Although the urine dipstick test is simple and a widely used point-of-care test, our results indicate that UPCR values obtained by the dipstick test are not appropriate for clinical use. Inter-instrumental variability may affect clinical decision process based on UPCR values and should be emphasized in veterinary practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1755-1760
• /
• 2013

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in male sexual partners of HR-HPV infected women and the concordance of viral types in couples in China, and comprehend the role of men play in HPV transmission to women. Methods/Materials: 94 asymptomatic women and their husbands from rural Chaozhou participated in epidemiologic screening for HPV infection. Cervical cells from females were collected for high risk HPV screening by real time-PCR, and they were positive for at least 1 of 13 HR-HPV subtypes, then these samples were genotyped. Approximately one mouth later, penile epithelial cells from 94 asymptomatic husbands were collected for HPV genotyping. At the same time, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 male patients from sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic in China for the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men having frequent sex behavior. Penial epithelial cells were collected for HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 detection by fluorescent real-time quantified PCR. Results: Among 94 couples, the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men whose wife was positive for cervical HR-HPV was 5.32% (5/94). Only 2.63% (2/76) had the same high risk viral type presented by their wife. HPV 16 proved to be the most prevalent viral type in men and in couples. Of 366 male patients from STD outpatient clinic, the prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection in men with or without HPV 6/11 was 6.85% and 8.16%, respectively. The incidence of HPV 16/18 was higher in men aged more than 35 years than the young men (18-35 years). Conclusion: The prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in male sexual partners of HPV-positive women in China was lower than that expected, and the concordance of high risk viral type between couples was extremely low. These data suggested that infected men consitute an important viral reservoir, contributing to transmission of HR-HPV to women and maintenance of infection, but HR-HPV infection may be less likely to persist in men than in women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.5492-5500
• /
• 2015

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major modifiable risk factor for cardio- cerebrovascular disease. In clinical practice, however, it is primarily calculated using the Friedewald formula as a cost-effective method. The aim of this study was to compare Friedewald-estimated and directly measured LDL-C values and assess the concordance in guideline LDL-C risk classification between the two methods. The data were derived from the 2009 and 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). Analysis was done for 4,319 subjects with lipid panels-total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), directly measured LDL-C using an enzymatic homogeneous assay, and triglycerides (TG). For subjects with TG lower than 400 mg/dL, Friedewald-estimated and directly measured LDL-C were highly correlated (r = 0.958, p < 0.001) and overall concordance was 82.7%. As TG increased, overall concordance decreased. Overall concordance was 85.4% at TG lower than 150 mg/dL; 78.2% at TG of 150-199 mg/dL; and 71.4% at TG of 200-399 mg/dL. The Friedewld equation tended to overestimate LDL-C when TG are of < 150 mg/dL; however, underestimate LDL-C when TG are of ${\geq}150mg/dL$. As a result, Friedewald estimation misclassified 382 subjects (9.1%) in a higher category versus 348 subjects (8.3%) in a lower category. Our findings suggest that overestimation of LDL-C by the Friedewald formula can be a great problem as well as underestimation.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.82-92
• /
• 2023

Urine sediments are performed by a microscopic examination of centrifuged urine by medical technologists. This study examined different urine sediment preparation procedures. The 107 fresh urine specimens that tested positive from white blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine dipstick test and the cobas u 701 analyzer, respectively, were selected for manual microscopy. This study evaluated an automated urine sediment analyzer and three manual microscopy methods for WBCs and RBCs. The methods were performed according to the test guidelines. The coefficients of determination between the cobas u 701 analyzer and the Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory (KAQACL) for WBCs and RBCs were r2=0.977 and r2=0.970, respectively. The concordance rates between the cobas u 701 analyzer and KAQACL for WBCs and RBCs were 74.8% and 77.6%, respectively. A good correlation and concordance with the automatic analyzer were shown when the specimens were prepared and examined using the KAQACL method. Consequently, the differences in the urine sediment preparation procedures affected the sediment concentrations, influencing the cell number per high power field (HPF).

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.316-316
• /
• 2001

• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.157-165
• /
• 2010

Silver and Whitten proved that every knot in $S^3$ is invertibly concordant to a hyperbolic knot by a series of Nakanishi's construction. We prove that every knot in $S^3$ is invertibly concordant to a nonhyperbolic prime knot by a simple one step satellite construction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.29 no.3_4 s.141
• /
• pp.576-584
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this research was to consequences of the sale effect derived from similar type of personality between the customer and the apparel salesperson. For the purpose of the verifications, random survey is made to 225 people over 20 years in age among the residence in the district of Seoul and using SPSS program, the reliability, frequency and crosstabs. The results of this study as follows: 1) In the fashion apparels of higher level of involvement, lower assertiveness but carefulness and analytic attitude of the salesperson is preferred rather than the customer's personality. 2) Difference are shown of the consequence of the sale effect by the corresponding type of the personality, depending on the degree of the involvement. 3) As for the level of the influence of the sale effect by the concordance of personality type depending on profession, student group are more conscious rather than the professional group in the aspect of concordance of personality type with salesperson.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2003

Currently, selecting comparative standard land parcels for evaluating individual public land price is done by cadastral officers manually. Due to the amount of land parcels to be evaluated in a short period of time and the subjective methodology adopted, the results are not satisfactory and affect the final individual public land price evaluation. This study aims to develop, implement, and test a new automatic and objective methodology for selecting comparative standard land parcels using spatial multi criteria decision making rules. We conclude that spatial multiattribute decision making rules perform very well in this kind of problem and especially an AHP based method is highly appropriate for this purpose.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.6.1-6.9
• /
• 2020

Acute leukemia represents the most common pediatric malignancy comprising diverse subtypes with varying prognosis and treatment outcomes. New and targeted treatment options are warranted for this disease. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are increasingly being used for preclinical testing of novel treatment modalities. A novel approach involving targeted error-corrected RNA sequencing using ArcherDX HemeV2 kit was employed to compare 25 primary pediatric acute leukemia samples and their corresponding PDX samples. A comparison of the primary samples and PDX samples revealed a high concordance between single nucleotide variants and gene fusions whereas other complex structural variants were not as consistent. The presence of gene fusions representing the major driver mutations at similar allelic frequencies in PDX samples compared to primary samples and over multiple passages confirms the utility of PDX models for preclinical drug testing. Characterization and tracking of these novel cryptic fusions and exonal variants in PDX models is critical in assessing response to potential new therapies.