• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.258-258
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• 2001

Fiber-reinforced materials have highly favorable mechanical properties. and their strength-to-weight ratios are superior to those of most alloys. When compared to metals they offer many other advantages as well. including non-corrosiveness. translucency. good bonding properties. and ease ofrepair. Fiber-reinforced materials can be categorized to pre-impregnated. impregnation required. dental laboratory products. chairside products and prefabricated posts. so it is not suprising that fiber-reinforced composites have potential for use in many applications in dentistry. Fiber-reinforced materials can be utilized in frameworks for crowns. anterior or posterior fixed prostheses. chairs ide tooth replacements. periodontal splints. customized posts. prefabricated posts. orthodontic retention. denture reinforcements and in implants dentistry. To realize the full potential of using fiber-reinforced composite restorations. it is essential that the clinician and laboratory technician understand concepts of tooth preparation and framework design. Also practitioner may appreciate the background information and other details about the materials themselves so that identify the rationale for their use in various clinical situations. select well-suited materials. and carry out related procedures. Understanding the material properties and take many attentions. fiber-reinforced materials will give more esthetic. more easy. more strong and more reliable restorations.ations.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-199
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• 2009

With the growing importance of evidence-based medicine, clinical or biomedical research relies critically on the validity and reliability of data, and the subsequent statistical inferences for medical decision-making may lead to valid conclusion. Despite widespread use of analytical techniques in papers published in the Journal of Veterinary Clinics statistical errors particularly in design of experiments, research methodology or data analysis methods are commonly encountered. These flaws often leading to misinterpretation of the data, thereby, subjected to inappropriate conclusions. This article is the first in a series of nontechnical introduction designed not to systemic review of medical statistics but intended to provide the journal readers with an understanding of common statistical concepts, including data scale, selection of appropriate statistical methods, descriptive statistics, data transformation, confidence interval, the principles of hypothesis testing, sampling distribution, and interpretation of results.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is to provide a clear interpretation of Pyoyubu (標幽賦) which was written by Tu han kyoung (竇漢卿) during the Kum-Won dynasty of China (A.D 1196-1280). Methods : The translation was based on Original Chimgudaesung (原本鍼灸大成) and revisals on Chimguchuiyoung (鍼灸聚英), Yukyoungbuik (類經附翼), New Chimgudaesung (新鍼灸大成), etc. The critical review part helps to better understand acupuncture & moxibustion world. Results & Conclusions : The book covered all of the concepts involved in acupuncture theory and techniques. It provides a foundation and remains a key reference work for the current theory of acupuncture. An in-depth study of the book leads as follow ; 1. To full understanding of the fundamental principles of these fields. 2. To drawing up clinical practice guidelines for doctors toward patients. 3. To promoting the beneficial effects of acupuncture treatment.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2001

The world we live in is called the age of information. Thus communication and computers are doing the central role in it. When one studies the mathematical problem, the use of tools such as computers, calculators and technology is available for all students, and then students are actively engaged in reasoning, communicating, problem solving, and making connections with mathematics, between mathematics and other disciplines. The use of technology extends to include computer algebra systems, spreadsheets, dynamic geometry software and the Internet and help active learning of students by analyzing data and realizing mathematical models visually. In this paper, we explain concepts of transformation, linear transformation, congruence transformation and homothety, and introduce interesting, meaningful and visual models for teaching of a plane transformation geomeoy which are obtained by using Mathematica. Moreover, this study will show how to visualize linear transformation for student's better understanding in teaching a plane transformation geometry in classroom. New development of these kinds of teaching-learning methods can simulate student's curiosity about mathematics and their interest. Therefore these models will give teachers the active teaching and also give students the successful loaming for obtaining the concept of linear transformation.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.223-240
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• 2015

This study qualitatively investigates the nature of the challenges that a student who is highly successful in mathematics faces in learning college-level elementary statistics. The study draws on the constructs of eagerness, flexibility and willingness to characterize the necessary disposition for critical thinking that is essential in learning statistics. The case study is based on data collected through a survey assessment and a follow-up interview with a mathematics major enrolled in an elementary college statistics course at the time of the study. The qualitative analysis relies on the student's verbal descriptions of the challenges he was experiencing in the course. The findings suggest that while his strong inclination towards inquisitive learning and strong understanding of mathematical concepts supported this student's mathematics learning, the same characteristics might have been causing him difficulties in learning college-level elementary statistics.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.57-73
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• 2019

The study aimed at investigating the level of self-efficacy of science teachers towards student engagement. Although the general self-efficacy of teachers has been explored a lot but the efficacy of science teacher has not been explored more and student engagement is crucial towards understanding of science concepts. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to find the self-efficacy of science teachers mainly towards three dimensions of student engagement (Behavioral, Cognitive and Emotional engagement). The study was carried with 150 secondary science teachers as Kathmandu. Secondary science teachers were found to be moderately high efficacious in all aspects of behavioral engagement of students except four aspects in which they showed moderate efficacy. Regarding the self-efficacy on cognitive engagement they were moderately efficacious in two aspects and were found to be moderately high efficacious in other all aspects. However, science teachers' self-efficacy was found to be moderately high. Teachers were found to be efficacious in making clasroom constructive, developing collaborative skill and high order thinking among the students. However in some aspects they were found less efficacious.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.169-180
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• 2009

IT governance implies a system in which all stakeholders with a given organization, including the board, internal customers, and related areas such as finance provide the necessary input into their decision-making process. However, the concepts of IT governance are broad and ambiguous, so IT governance is eventually needed multi-criteria decision making. This paper presents a hierarchical structure to better understand the relationship between control structure and the complexity of collective behavior with respect to IT governance and proposes a corresponding fuzzy model for analyzing IT governance complexity based on an extensive literature review. The results of this study are expected to provide a clearer understanding of how the concerns of IT governance behave and how they interact and form the collective behavior of the entire system.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.303-313
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• 2005

This paper proposes a generalized NURBS model, called Volumetric NURBS or VNURBS for representing volumetric objects with multiple attributes embedded in multidimensional space. This model provides a mathematical framework for modeling complex structure of heterogeneous objects and analyzing inside of objects to discover features that are directly inaccessible, for deeper understanding of complex field configurations. The defining procedure of VNURBS, which explains two directional extensions of NURBS, shows VNURBS is a generalized volume function not depending on the domain and its range dimensionality. And the recursive a1gorithm for VNURBS derivatives is described as a computational basis for efficient and robust volume modeling. In addition, the specialized versions of VNURBS demonstrate that VNURBS is applicable to various applications such as geometric modeling, volume rendering, and physical field modeling.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2009

Quantum chemistry has many concepts that are either abstract or counterintuitive, giving students difficulties in understanding them. Fortunately, the advancement of web technologies provides us with hordes of powerful tools to produce rich multimedia web applications that supplement traditional classroom teaching. In this paper we present an approach to address this issue that combines interactive simulations and visualization on the web browser using Shockwave technology. With several examples, we show how to take advantage of the features of the Shockwave technology in developing web-based course material with ease.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.175-186
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of secondary Home Economics education curriculum and program by investigating the recognition perceived by Home Economics teachers. We have done statistical analyses of 237 questionnaires on the Home Economics teachers' recognition. The results are as follows: 1) The respondents evaluated the necessity of Home Economics education in secondary school, application of aquired knowledge and technical skill and learning by practical experience, highly. 2) As for the contents of Home Economics education curriculum, the respondents place a high value on the field of Meal Management, Child and Family Studies, Home resourse Management and Consumer life, Clothing Management, and House Planning and Management, in the order. 3) The most important educational concepts are knowledges and understanding for the human beings.