• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the different preferences between herbal medicine and health functional food, and analyze the reasons for the preferences to figure out the better way of promoting herbal medicine. Methods: 500 questionnaires has been handed out to the parents having elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do province, and 331 questionnaires has been collected and evaluated for this study. Results: Among the 331 responses, 58.4% were female, and 41.6% were male. The percentages of the subjects who consume health supplements and that of herbal medicines were 67.4% and 59.2% respectively. The preference rate for the health supplements was 57.6%, and for herbal medicines was 42.4%. The major reason of taking the health supplements was that they were convenient to consume(54%). The major reason for choosing herbal medicines was that people 'expect them to be more effective'(72.7%). However, the problem with Herbal medicine was their consumptions were inconvenient (39.8%), and their tastes was unfavorable. The most preferable form of herbal medication was pills(50.6%), followed by syrup(22.9%). Pertinent price for herbal medication, the participants were favorable to pay 30,000 within a week. For the question on when to start taking the herbal medication, 18 months after was the popular answers from the participants. Conclusions: Among the 331 subjects, the percentage of consuming the health supplements (67.4%) was higher than that of consuming the Herbal Medicine (59.2%). Also the preference was higher than the Herbal Medicine. The reason why the participant preferred health supplements was that they were 'easy to take', The reason for subjects' great preference in herbal medicine was based on their conception that herbal medicines were highly effective. When taking herbal medicine, participants addressed inconvenience in consuming, and unfavorable taste as the biggest problems. Also they thought that pills would be most convenient form of herbal medicine to consume. For the proper price, they were willing to pay less than 30000won, lower than a market price, per a week for the herbal medicine. Most parents thought that proper age of taking herbal medicine is ' 18 month after the birth'. Taking these into account, different perspectives on herbal medicine is necessary at the very moment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2004

This study was undertaken with the aim to establish a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for urinary pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and to employ it for monitoring the reproductive status of dairy cows. Urine and blood samples were collected from the Holstein cows both pregnant and non-pregnant. The samples were then investigated for evaluating the relationship between progesterone ($P_{4}$) in blood and PdG in urine adjusted with or without urinary creatinine basis. Biweekly urine collection was employed for three cows in estrous and those artificially inseminated, while urine from pregnant cows was collected on a monthly basis. P_{4}$ and PdG levels were measured by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) and RIA techniques, respectively. Our results indicated the sensitivity of PdG for RIA being 35 pg/tube and the recovery rate of 100%. Urinary creatinine concentrations also fluctuated within a day, but change at midday was not noteworthy. Regardless of the time of urination the change in concentrations of PdG was relatively smaller and did not vary significantly. The urinary PdG concentration showed periodic changes as that with serum P_{4}$ levels during the cow's estrus cycle. The correlation coefficient rose when creatinine level in urine was adjusted but the change was also not significant. The concentrations of PdG during the luteal phase were detected between 8.2 and 17.4 ng/ml, three to five times higher than that in the follicular phase. The concentration of PdG from pregnant cows (21 days after conception) was three to four times higher than in the nonpregnant cows. Our finding suggests that the determination of urinary PdG could be reliably employed for early pregnancy detection. The urinary PdG level continued to raise until 30 days pre-partum while the concentration reached its peak at 30 ng/ml, after which it started to fall 18 to 30 days before parturition and finally fell to its nadir value one week after parturition. As the correlation coefficient between the urinary PdG and serum P_{4}$ was higher than that corrected by urinary creatinine it can be suggested that the adjustment is not needed. The concentrations of urinary PdG could be maintained stably for 2 days in urine samples stored at room temperature and extended to 8 days when the samples were pretreated by boiling for 30 minutes. In conclusion urinary PdG concentration even without the need for creatinine basis adjustment can be used directly for monitoring the reproductive status of dairy cows.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.386-396
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• 2006

We implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method in order to improve the conventional moxibustion therapy. This method is aimed to eliminate burning wounds and smoke, which are the defects of conventional moxibustion therapy. And we performed to verify the efficiency by comparing the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Therapy. We measured the body heat and the lasting time of blood circulation improvement using thermography. The moxibustion therapy has two kinds of effects: The formers are pharmacological effects of the Moxa's vasodilators and antioxidants. The latters are thermal effects which cause improvement of the blood circulation. To remove the demerits without omission of above therapeutic effects, we extracted the vasodilators and antioxidant compounds from the Moxa-$CH_2Cl_2$ fraction Moxa-EtOAc and composed the moxibustion kit with $(Ba_{0.8}\;Sr_{0.2})_{0.996}\;Y_{0.004}\;TiO_2+0.5_{WT}\;SiO_2%$ Positive Temperature Coefficients Thermistor. The experimental demonstrations have been made by the stimulating the spot which is CV4(Kwan-Won), CV8(Shin-Guel), CV12(Jung-Wan) acupuncture points of the conception vessel meridian(CV). And stimulating time was one hour. We divided the subjects into 5 groups such as no stimulation group, conventional Indirect Moxibustion group, only Drug-Pad stimulation group, only heat stimulation group, and Drug-Pad Moxibustion group. In the different cases, we have measured the body heat in pre-stimulation, just after stimulation, 2 hours after, and 4 hours after. The body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method were increased by over the $2^{\circ}C$. And the body heats of the group who were stimulated by the Indirect Moxibustion Method were increased by average the $1^{\circ}C$. We have evaluated that the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method is improvement on the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method by the heat-increasing rate is 200% and the lasting time is 150% with the body heat of the abdominal region. In the conclusions, We have implemented the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method and evaluated the efficiency of the Drug-Pad Moxibustion Method comparing with the conventional Indirect Moxibustion Method.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제52권
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• pp.273-299
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• 2003

본 연구는 아동의 성장과정에 있어 매우 중요한 환경인 학교현장에서 교사들이 한부모가족 아동들에 대해 갖고 있는 인식과 태도를 알아보고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석해 봄으로써 한부모가족 아동들이 보다 당당하게 학교생활을 할 수 있게 하는 방안을 모색하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2002학년 여름방학동안 서울, 경기도, 전라도, 경상도 등 전국에서 이루어지는 교사 연수회에 참석한 초등학교 교사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 교사의 지위나 연령, 지역(대도시, 중소도시, 도시외 지역) 등을 고려하여 유의표집(purposive sampling)한 결과 총 776부가 회수되었으며, 이를 SAS 6.12로 빈도분석, 평균, 교차분석(Chi-Square), t-test, 일원분산분석(oneway-ANOVA), 중다회귀분석(Multiple Regression)하였다. 연구결과, 대부분의 교사들은 한부모가족 아동이 증가하고 있다는 것을 교육현장에서 느끼고 있었으나, 아동의 심리상황에 대해서는 잘못 이해하고 있는 부분이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 교사의 한부모가족 아동에 대한 부정적인 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 교사의 사회인구학적 특성, 경험적 요인, 아동의 학교생활 수행정도 뿐만 아니라 교사 자신의 한부모가족에 대한 정형화된 인식, 가족주의 및 이혼에 대한 가치관 등이 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 교사들의 의식이나 태도는 성장기 아동들의 자신감과 자존감 형성에 상당히 커다란 영향을 줄 것으로 예상되는 바, 이에 대한 대책이 사회적 의식 전환, 교육체계 및 환경의 변화, 교사 교육프로그램 개발, 학교사회사업 및 상담교사 배치, 한부모가족의 임파워먼트 등에서 제시되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.667-672
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• 2011

This study was carried out to increase the breeding rate using sustained recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) and examine the reproductive disorder and disease prevalencies of cow and calf, respectively. Sixty cows were allotted randomly to three groups in randomized complete block design; (1) No treatment, (2) 500 mg bST two times + 250 mg bST SC injection five times from 3 weeks before to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks, (3) 500 mg bST two times before 3 weeks parturition + 250 mg bST SC injection three times from five to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks. Developmental data of birth weight, weaning weight, total gain and average daily gain in control was $22.9{\mu}0.45$ kg, $88.0{\mu}1.13$ kg, $65.1{\mu}0.74$ kg and $0.54{\mu}0.08$ kg, respectively. There is no significant difference between Group 1 and 3 in the examined factors. However, there is significant difference between Group 1 and 2 in the birth weight ($24.4{\mu}0.88$ kg), weaning weight ($101.0{\mu}1.77$ kg), total gain ($76.7{\mu}0.9$ kg) and average daily gain ($76.7{\mu}0.9$ kg). Total gain was showed higher in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1 in the >2nd parity, and in Group 2 than Group 1 and 3 in the 1st parity. There is no significant difference in the BCS, no return days and disease occurrence of cow and calf by bST treatment. Number of service per conception was slightly increased in the Group 3 compared to Group 1 and 2. To increase the breeding ability of Hanwoo, it is recommended that 500 mg bST two times + 250 mg bST injection five times from 3 weeks before to 9 weeks after parturition every two weeks.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its relating factors elderly communities. Subjects of this survey consisted of 877 elderly women and men in one Kun. Korea, who were over 60 years old. The design for this study was descriptive: the subjects were interviewed by well trained investigators from July 9. 1999 to July 20. 1999. During that survey period, the subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$. T-test using an SAS program. The results of the study were the following: 1. The prevalence rate of urinary incontinence was 20.1 %. of the total. The types of urinary incontinence were mixed incontinence 44.3%. stress incontinence 38.1%. and urge type incontinence 17.6%. 2. The relating factors of urinary incontinence were as follows: 1) 33.5% of UI(urinary incontinence) subjects reported urine loss once a month. twice or three times a week 23.3%. one or two times a day 17.0% 2) 38.1% of elderly reported only 1 to 2 drops. 1 t-spoon 36.9%. 1 T-spoon 15.9% 3) The volume of urine loss registered by changing underwear was 63.1 %. no necessity of changing underwear was 22.1 %. or using some type of pads was 13.1%. 4) 62.5% of UI subjects never discussed their UI problem with other people. 73.9% of the total had never experienced any treatment for their UI problem. The reasons for not receiving medical cure were their typical conception about urinary incontinence taking UI as a normal part of aging 76.2% and due to their bad financial situation 9.2%. 3. Women had more prevalence of UI than men (p=0.01), and it was found that the worse the subjective health state. the higher the prevalence of UI (p=0.001). However. there was no statistical difference in daily frequency of UI (p>0.05). The more nocturnal incontinence (p=0.001), the more intermittent stream experience (p = 0.01), the more retention experience (p = 0.01), and the more incomplete the emptying experience (p=0.001), the higher the prevalence of UI. 4. UI groups had lower ADL scores than non UI groups(p=0.01). The level of depression in the group of urinary incontinence was significantly higher than that of non incontinence group (p=0.0001). As shown above, the elderly people suffering from UI haven't been treated properly: their subjective health state and their ADL competence was lower, and their depression level was higher than non UI groups. Therefore, the development of a proper urinary incontinence management program are required so that they can lead more healthy lives. Also continual case studies for the elderly people with UI are necessary.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1808-1814
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 스팸 차단을 위해서 사용되고 있는 RBL의 기능에 더하여, 최근 유행하는 스팸 형태에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 방법으로 메일원문에 포함된 URL을 추출하여 RBL에 적용하여 확장할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 최근 스팸메일발송에 많이 사용되고 있는 봇넷은 이메일 스팸에서 메일 발송 주소분포로 해결할 수 없는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 일반적으로 이러한 스팸 메일은 각 개인의 감염된 좀비 PC에서 발송되므로, 발송 주소 자체가 RBL에서 사용하기에 효율성이 떨어지고 무의미 하다. 따라서 봇넷에 의해 발송되는 스팸메 일을 효과적으로 차단하기 위한 방법으로써, 스팸메일의 원문에 포함된 URL을 분석하고, 사용자를 유인하는 URL 사이트에 대한 분포자료를 바탕으로 효과적으로 차단률을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 봇넷에서의 스팸메일 발송 메커니즘과, 이러한 유형의 스팸메일을 판단하기 위하여 사용할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고 분석 가능한 스팸메 일의 수집을 위하여 이메일스팸 트랩 시스템을 구성하여 실험한다. 일정한 실험기간 동안 수신된 스팸메일의 분석을 통하여 스팸메일에 포함된 URL을 이용한 확장된 RBL기법이 스팸메일의 검출 분포를 높이는데 효과적임을 보여준다.은 요약문입니다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.201-219
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• 2017

나이가 들면서 남은 인생이 제한적임을 느끼게 됨에 따라 부정정서 경험을 최소화하고 긍정정서 경험을 극대화하는 방향으로 정서조절하게 된다는 사회정서적 선택이론을 한국 성인을 대상으로 검증하였다. 긍정적인 정서의 부정적 측면과 부정적인 정서의 긍정적 측면이 존재함을 인정하는 동양의 변증법적 정서개념에서는 부정정서를 최소화하고 긍정정서를 극대화할 필요성이 크지 않을 수 있다. 따라서 변증법적 정서개념에 기초한 동양문화권의 한국 노인은 긍정정서를 극대화하고 부정정서를 최소화하기보다는 각성을 줄여서 편안한 상태를 유지하는 방향으로 정서 조절할 가능성이 있다. 166명의 청년, 중년, 노인을 대상으로 PANAS 척도를 사용하여 각성수준이 다양한 긍정, 부정 정서경험의 빈도를 평가하였으며, 정서경험 상황에서 정서를 약화/순응/극대화 하는 지에 대해 질문하였다. 노인이 청년보다 부정정서 뿐만 아니라 긍정정서도 덜 빈번하게 경험하였다. 또 정서문항을 각성수준에 따라 분류하여 분석한 결과, 청년들은 고각성 정서를 저각성 정서보다 더 자주 경험하였으나, 노인들은 고각성 정서를 덜 경험하였다. 또 노인은 청년보다 부정정서를 약화시킨다는 반응과 긍정정서를 약화시킨다는 반응을 더 많이 하였다. 이에 반해 긍정정서를 극대화한다는 반응은 청년이 가장 많았다. 이러한 결과는 한국 노인은 각성수준이 높은 긍정정서와 부정정서를 모두 약화시켜서 정서적 안정을 유지함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.676-683
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• 2019

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is widely used for strengthening the immune system and fighting fatigue, especially in people with deficiency syndrome. However, there is concern that the long-term application or a high dose of KRG can cause "fireness" (上火 in Chinese) because of its "dryness" (燥性 in Chinese). The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 4-week treatment with KRG in participants with deficiency syndrome. Methods: This was a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 180 Chinese participants were randomly allocated to three groups: placebo control group, participants were given a placebo, 3.6 g/d; KRG 1.8 g and 3.6 g groups. The primary outcomes were the changes in fireness and safety evaluation (adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiogram). The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of KRG on fatigue, which include the following: traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scale and fatigue self-assessment scale. Results: Of the 180 patients, 174 completed the full study. After 4 weeks of KRG treatment, the Fire-heat symptoms score including Excess fire-heat score and Deficient fire-heat score showed no significant change as compared with placebo treatment, and no clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Based on the TCM syndrome score and fatigue self-assessment score, TCM symptoms and fatigue were greatly improved after treatment with KRG, which showed a dose- and time-dependent effect. The total effective rate was also significantly increased in the KRG groups. Conclusion: Our study revealed that KRG has a potent antifatigue effect without significant adverse effects in people with deficiency syndrome. Although a larger sample size and longer treatment may be required for a more definite conclusion, this clinical trial is the first to disprove the common conception of "fireness" related to KRG.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.334-342
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• 2015

The present study was designed to evaluate how environmental factors in a dry-summer subtropical climate in Terceira-Azores (situated in the North Atlantic Ocean: $38^{\circ}43^{\prime}N27^{\circ}12^{\prime}W$) can affect dairy cow (Holstein) fertility, as well as seasonal influence on in vitro oocytes maturation and embryos development. Impact of heat shock (HS) effects on in vitro oocyte's maturation and further embryo development after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was also evaluated. For such purpose the result of the first artificial insemination (AI) performed 60 to 90 days after calving of 6,300 cows were recorded for one year. In parallel, climatic data was obtained at different elevation points (n = 5) from 0 to 1,000 m and grazing points from 0 to 500 m, in Terceira island, and the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. For in vitro experiments, oocytes (n = 706) were collected weekly during all year, for meiotic maturation and IVF. Further, to evaluate HS effect, 891 oocytes were collected in the cold moths (December, January, February and March) and divided in three groups treated to HS for 24 h during in vitro maturation at: C (Control = $38.5^{\circ}C$), HS1 ($39.5^{\circ}C$) and HS2 ($40.5^{\circ}C$). Oocytes from each group were used for meiotic assessment and IVF. Cleavage, morula and blastocyst development were evaluated respectively on day 2, 6, and 9 after IVF. A negative correlation between cow's conception rate (CR) and THI in grazing points (-91.3%; p<0.001) was observed. Mean THI in warmer months (June, July, August and September) was $71.7{\pm}0.7$ and the CR ($40.2{\pm}1.5%$) while in cold months THI was $62.8{\pm}0.2$ and CR was $63.8{\pm}0.4%$. A similar impact was obtained with in vitro results in which nuclear maturation rate (NMR) ranged from 78.4% (${\pm}8.0$) to 44.3% (${\pm}8.1$), while embryos development ranged from 53.8% (${\pm}5.8$) to 36.3% (${\pm}3.3$) in cold and warmer months respectively. In vitro HS results showed a significant decline (p<0.05) on NMR of oocytes for every $1^{\circ}C$ rising temperature ($78.4{\pm}8.0$, $21.7{\pm}3.1$ and $8.9{\pm}2.2$, respectively for C, HS1, and HS2). Similar results were observed in cleavage rate and embryo development, showing a clear correlation (96.9 p<0.05) between NMR and embryo development with respect to temperatures. Results clearly demonstrated that, up to a THI of 70.6, a decrease in the CR occurs in first AI after calving; this impairment was confirmed with in vitro results.