• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.243-254
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• 2020

This study was conducted to develop a forest education program through middle school curriculum linkage. We used the ADDIE model, comprising the five phases of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation, to secure the objectivity of the program. In the Analysis phase, middle school textbooks were analyzed while considering middle school students' needs for curriculum linkage and the developmental stages of adolescents. The Design phase focused on promoting an understanding of curriculum subjects based on what was reviewed in the Analysis phase and concretized and organized a program that can be implemented in the forest, with a focus on science and physical education, based on the results of middle school students' needs. We also established the objectives and goals of curriculum linkage forest education, established the concept of the program, and selected the educational contents, teaching-learning methods, and evaluation methods. In the Development phase, we developed a 2-night, 3-day program linkage with the middle school curriculum and created a manual for instructors and a workbook for students. In the Implementation phase, we revised and supplemented the program through the first test operation with 24 students in their second year of middle school, after which, we carried out a six-session program for the 2-night, 3-day as the second test operation with 17 students in their second year of middle school. In the Evaluation phase, the program was evaluated by the students who participated in the second test operation using questionnaires on satisfaction and curriculum linkage understanding as well as rating scales for attitudes toward forests and environmental sensitivity. The results showed that middle school students showed positive significance in satisfaction and understanding of the middle school curriculum as well as attitudes toward forests and environmental sensitivity through the forest education program.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.177-193
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to develop a program which aims at providing a better understanding of parenthood, establishing a desirable value of being a parent and preparing for being a good father positively affecting children, and determine effects of the program on unmarried men who are in the so-called stage of 'not belonged youth'. The program consisted of 5 sessions titled 'My father, 'I will be a father, too', 'Being a good father I', 'Being a good father II' and 'I will be a respectable father'. 7 unmarried men surveyed here were asked to participate in the program held at B church located in Busan from Oct. 3 to Nov. 7, 2004, with 1 session a week and 120 minutes per session based. Before and after the program, tests were carried out with the father acceptance-rejection scale and the scale of confidence in father's role'. For each of the sessions, a process evaluation was performed. Results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the pre- and post-tests with the father acceptance-rejection scale showed some changed recognition that father's attitude of child raising would be more acceptable and unrejectable. This indicates that the program made some achievements in relation to understanding and reestablishing relations with father. Second, significant differences were found in confidence in father's role between before and after the program. Especially, anxiety about father's role as a sub-area of such confidence was most considerably reduced. In conclusion, such objectives of the program as removing vague anxiety about father's role, establishing a desirable view of fatherhood and improving confidence about being a father proved to be achievable through getting skills of child understanding with the concept of developmental perspective and narrative therapy based.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2010

The curriculum of programming education including algorithm has been recognized as a very important subject to many students majoring in natural sciences and engineering including electronic engineering and computer related departments. However, many students have had difficulties with it due to its characteristics; as a consequence, they have been in trouble taking upper-level subjects. Flow chart is a diagram that expresses logical stages necessary to solve certain problems and has been widely used to have an understanding of the flow of algorithm. The practice-oriented education of algorithm and programming would be very important to assist the understanding of operation processes. Furthermore, it has been desperately required to the necessity of auxiliary programs that could enhance an understanding of the concept of algorithm and program execution process. This study was aimed to design and embody the learning system of programming languages using basic algorithms so as for students to easily learn basic algorithm among the entire programming curriculum.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.63-75
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• 2011

A number of process algebras have been proposed to develop distributed mobile real-time systems: pi-Calculus, Mobile Ambients Calculus, Bigraph, etc. However, as the systems get large and complex, the algebras become less suitable for understanding the interactions and mobility of the processes of the systems due to the size and complexity. Therefore it is necessary to handle the size and complexity for systematic understanding of the systems. This paper handles the size and complexity with a method of abstraction on sequences of interactions and movements of processes in the systems, which can be further organized in the form of hierarchically structured lattices, namely, Prism. The theoretical principle of the abstraction is based on a new concept of Behavior Ontology, which is extended from Active ontology. Prism allows the systems to be analyzed in the perspective of the lattices in Prism, which are characterized by the hierarchically organized behavioral properties of the developing systems, for systematic understanding the systems. In this way, the complexity of the interactions and the movements can be handled systematically in the semantically and hierarchically organized structure of the behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.508-519
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• 2015

In this study, the pre-service chemistry teachers’ understanding of potential energy curve was investigated. The subjects were 24 junior students and 26 senior students studying chemistry education in a college of education. A concept questionnaire consisted of thought experiments with different initial conditions was developed to survey the pre-service teachers’ conceptions of potential energy curve. The survey results showed that the pre-service chemistry teachers had difficulties to accept the negative values for potential energy and total energy. And they knew the mechanical energy conservation but they could not apply it properly to the thought experiment situations given in the questionnaire. Also they had the knowledge about the direction of force exerted between the two balls, but many of them believed that the balls would stop moving at the bottom of potential energy curve well. In addition, it was discovered that few pre-service teachers could relate the thought experiments to the chemical bonding, the liquefaction of gas, and the molecular vibration.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2013

Cleft lip is a common congenital facial deformity which might cause speech, hearing, appearance, and psychological disorder. For the purpose of appropriate management for the cleft lip patients according to their individual situations, reviews of the historical evolution for the cleft lip treatment were summarized. More than 15 English written articles with 4 related historical books were reviewed, and the chronology of the cleft lip management from ancient to recent twenty first century, via middle ages and Renaissance, were summarized. Multifactorial causes of cleft lip, before the modern understanding of embryological background of it, most management of cleft lip has been explained under the basis of religions and/or superstitions. As the anatomic and embryologic knowledges were known and revealed, various misconceptions were corrected continously, and the simple closure of the lip defect was also evoluted to the applications of plastic concept. Recently, cosmetic outcomes with functional results, such as speech, hearing, psychological status, have been considered importantly, under the multidiciplinary care system. For the better understanding of cleft lip management as a routine esthtetic and funtional reconstructive procedure, the various historical treatment trends were reviewed and summarized as time goes on. This review presentation will discuss the appropriate management for cleft lip patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.252-260
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is find out the correlation of level of knowledge of pre-service elementary teacher with space perception ability on 'Earth and Space' of elementary science. During the second semester of 2013, for 15 weeks, the classes were conducted for 3 hours per week and we find out knowledge Understanding degree and select terms offered by 5th grade science courses 'The solar system and the stars', 'Earth and Moon', 'change of seasons' section and measured space perception ability degree of pre-service elementary school teacher with a questionnaire. We analyzed the correlation of understanding level of knowledge in the field of astronomy of pre-service elementary school teacher with space perception ability. The results of the study are presented as follows. First, pre-service elementary school teacher showed a low level of knowledge understanding as it goes the upper grades about upper concept in 'The solar system and the stars', 'Earth and Moon', 'change of seasons' section' of astronomy area of elementary science 'Earth and space sector'. The pre-service elementary school teachers needs to acquire knowledge of astronomy area in elementary school curriculum. Second, pre-service elementary school teacher showed that there are differences individually in 'finding solid body' of sub-element of space perception ability. This shows that 'finding solid body' factor is associated with space perception ability. Third, in the section of 'The earth and the Universe' for elementary education, 'Reflection' and 'Finding solid body' which are low-level components of space perception ability were verified that have a corelationship with general grades in the astronomy conception test.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.570-584
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• 1999

The units about electricity in 5th and 6th science curriculum for elementary school was analyzed and the elementary students' understanding of related concepts was investigated. This study was to make connection between the research about alternative concepts and writing textbooks. It was found that students' response had following characteristics. They had strong belief that the + and - ends of battery should be connected. However this belief was not complete because students did not understand that the other circuit elements had to be connected properly. When the circuit involve more than one bulbs or batteries, they counted the number of batteries or bulbs only and paid little attention to the connection of them. In explaining circuits and the brightness of the bulbs in the circuits. students tried to explains the circuit using scientific terms but failed to used them properly. Although the concept of resistance was not dealt explicitly. student had reasonable qualitative understanding about resistance. According to response of students, several suggestions might be made for the curriculum. The structure and the circuit elements and the proper connection needs to be taught. Also more emphasis is necessary to pay attention to the connection in addition to the numbers of bulbs or batteries. Finally, it needs to be investigated carefully if it is better to introduce some qualitative model to explain the amount of current through bulb depending on the connection and the number of bulbs. It might also be better to introduce some terms, such as current and resistance with the model.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2010

Human beings are having suffered from the unexpected climate changes which are caused by global warming leaded from air pollution. More than 3 billions of people will be forced to experience insufficient water in 2015. In Korea, over 70% of precipitation has been concentrating in Summer season. Furthermore, natural disasters has been occurred constantly all over the country. The unusual flood and drought have broken out not only victims but also, property damages. By the natural condition, the effective consuming and controlling system of water is going to be the core business field and constructing dams will be encouraged and promoted for the system. To convince the objectionable against the constructing dams, a dam exhibition center stands the very important position by being responsible for the presenting positive factors and highlighting the beneficial functions. The dam exhibition center is built as complex space combined by information center regarding water resources and visitor center for the community nearby the inundated area. Combined of the different purposes, the dam exhibition center can be confused to understand the concept and contents established in the space. To enhance the visitors' understanding contents of the dam exhibition center, the spatial composition and contents are being analyzed with existing centers and define the most effective exhibition methods between the spaces and visitors. This study will be the basic quantitative analysis data for the following design works those can get the better insight how to make visitors to get information and agreement of constructing dams effectively.

• School Mathematics
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.445-467
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate mathematics teaching of an elementary school teacher and to understand the meaning of it. This study was a qualitative case study using by analyzing metaphors. The notion of metaphors was newly set up. Traditionally, it had been regarded as a mere tool for better understanding, but it was recognized as the primary source of all of our concept(Sfard, 1998). The subject of this case study was a researcher 'I' and also an elementary school teacher. The three selves named Mee1, Mee2, Mee3, respectively. Mee1 was the 'I' who developed the 4th graders' activities on mathematical patterns in 1996 and wrote mathematics textbook for the 4th graders in 1998-1999. Mee2 was the 'I' who taught mathematical patterns to her students in 2002. Mee3 was the 'I' who criticized the teaching of Mee2 in 2005. [ADVENTURE], [HIDE-AND-SEEK], and [FIREWORKS DISPLAY] were deter-mined to be key metaphors of mathematics teaching. [ADVENTURE] of Mee] was focused on profound understanding of mathematics, [HIDE-AND-SEEK] of Mee2 on construction of mathematics, and [FIRE-WORKS DISPLAY] of Mee3 on making meaning and participating in communities. Studies of metaphors give us the power of understanding mathematics teaching and also generate it. And viewing mathematics teaching via metaphors makes teaching studies open to new ways.