• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 1996

In most pattern recognition and image understanding applications, images are degraded by noise and other distortions. Therefore, it is more relevant to decide how similar two objects are rather than to decide whether the two are exactly the same. In this paper, we propose a method for recognizing degraded symbols using a distance measure between two graphs representing the symbols. a symbol is represented as a graph consisting of nodes and edges based on the run graph concept. The graph is then transformed into a reference model graph with production rule containing the embedding transform. The symbols are recognized by using the distance measure which is estimated by using the number of production rules used and the structural homomorphism between a transformed graph and a model graph. the proposed approach is applies to the recognition of non-note musical symbols and the result are given.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2010

This study aims to discuss the type and characteristics of primitivism in the modern fashion of the $21^{st}$ century and, as a research method, the concept of primitivism as well as the transition of the patterns of primitivism expressed in modern art have been considered and reviewed through a variety of references. In particular, an empirical analysis of the works that have been created from 2000 to 2009 has been performed using domestic and overseas fashion and collection magazines. The characteristics of primitivism in modern fashion possess the following types of expression: First, Sensuality can be cited as one of the characteristics, either by using direct or indirect exposure of the human body, a silhouette which fits tightly to the body, or creating the effect of sensual beauty using animal fur or bird feathers. Second, Incantation: Masks symbolizing primitive incantation are used to cover the human face or primitive incantation is incorporated as a theme of hair accessories or fashion trinkets, etc. In addition, such decorations as tattoos and the body colorations of ancient tribes are reproduced in modern fashion by means of body painting, printing or other accessories, emphasizing the image of occult primitiveness. Third, Naturalness can be cited as one of the characteristics. Naturalness is emphasized in modern fashion not through artificial decorations and processing, but rather through different patterns of exposure by which natural purity can be felt or through the use of non-artificial materials which recalls primitive civilization. Forth, Playfulness is expressed in the form of graffiti or abstract letters and paintings, and the character of the play is often expressed by the use of grotesque images based on various distortions and exaggerations of the human body, the utilization of symbols of primitive incantation and body and/or facial painting. Fifth, Lastly 'folkishness is emphasized. Folk-like objects, facial decorations, exposure of the body and intense color contrasts typically represent the folkish characteristics.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.467-482
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• 2007

In this paper, we surveyed the attitudes of engineering students in 6 universities in Chungcheong area to mathematics by 5-scale degrees and performed a comparative analysis of the results. The results revealed a number of meaningful points which should be applied to college mathematic education. On the basis of the results of the analysis, we made the following suggestions; 1) It is necessary to pay much attention to the students who have insufficient math ability 2) Special teaching methods are required for Freshman engineering students 3) Practical teaching strategies should be developed for engineering students that are based on the research on their math background 4) We should develop more materials in the area of mathematical concept image 5) More attention should be paid to the relation between math concepts and engineering concepts. Besides the above suggestions, we proposed that more research about students' math background and attitudes should be conducted for more efficient college math education.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1061-1068
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• 2007

The study has sought to explore how fashion emerges as a comprehensive tool of dress for increasing its brand appeal and express one's artistic sense and fashion by using everything from make-up to hair to trappings. Therefore, when it comes to fashion trends reflected in collections, the study is designed to improve understanding of make-up as one of the elements of total fashion and to help create diverse ideas in expressing creative and free make-up that can help perfect fashion concept in harmony with all the other elements. The study has pondered upon collection, trends and fashion make-up through literature study, and has gathered image data via the Internet. It also has conducted analysis of Ethnic style reconstructed combining past and the future, East and the West, and futurism style using asymmetrical forms without no defined patterns and hi-tech textures, which emerges as a result of post-modernism. The results of the study are as follows. Ethnic fashion that pursues strange and exotic beauty is characterized by its simple and idyllic images of traditional costume in Asia or primitive clothes in Africa. Make-up represent images of matt and pale skin, tanned yellow, glossy and thickly powered squeaky white skin. Point make-up highlighted eye lines, red chick, small and voluptuous red lips. Hair and accessory seeks diversity combining various ethnic styles together such as oriental, Indian, Islam and Africa. In addition, future-oriented fashion of the 21st century, twists in texture, various kinds of materials and changes in technique help give impressions of freedom and bizarreness.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.15
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• pp.105-110
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• 2000

Since the advent of high resolution satellite image, possibilities of applying various human interpretation mechanism to these images have increased. Also many studies about these possibilities in many fields such as computer vision, pattern recognition, artificial intellegence and remote sensing have been done. In this field of these studies, texture is defined as a kind of quantity related to spatial distribution of brightness and tone and also plays an important role for interpretation of images. Especially, methods of obtaining texture by statistical model have been studied intensively. Among these methods, texture measurement method based on cooccurrence matrix is highly estimated because it is easy to calculate texture features compared with other methods. In addition, these results in high classification accuracy when this is applied to satellite images and aerial photos. But in the existing studies using cooccurrence matrix, features have been chosen arbitrarily without considering feature variation. And not enough studies have been implemented for appropriate resolution selection in which cooccurrence matrix can extract texture. Therefore, this study reviews the concept of cooccurrence matrix as a texture measurement method, evaluates usefulness of several features obtained from cooccurrence matrix, and proposes appropriate resolution by investigating variance trend of several features.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to propose the calculation model of CCTV monitor size for school. Literature review analyzed the concept and technical characteristics of CCTV system including equation of object size calculation. Case study showed that the sizes of CCTV monitors installed in the security offices of the six object schools were 19 inches on average. And the numbers of monitor screen partitions were at least 12 on average. Due to too many partitions in small monitors of approximately 19 inches, the faces of the objects of filming in each screen could not be properly identified. Experimental test presented that the vertical length of face image clearly recognized on the screen is at least 20mm. Based on the result, this paper developed the equation for calculating monitor size. Pilot test said that 27inch Monitor is needed for 4 screens. The practitioners of school districts and schools can make appropriate CCTV system environments considering the their own CCTV system conditions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.778-792
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• 2003

This study is to review, in the social and cultural context, the main causes for the sportism that prevails in modern fashion, and to analyze the typical expressions in the domestic fashion. Many factors attribute to the advent of sportism such as rapid development and cultural changes toward sports, increase in leisure time and abundant opportunities, new fashion materials resulting from new technologies, emerging youth culture and increasing preference for such culture, and the postmodernism. With this background, sportism, which has been appearing in the domestic fashion, falls into 5 categories as follows based on the type of its expression. “Urban Street Sportism” is affected by the new sports culture of urban young people, which is characterized such that body line is disregarded with over-sized garment in layered style without considering T.P.O. concept. “Romantic Sportism” applies colors, fabrics and details of romantic images to sporty items, or culminates the feminine and elegant sportism by using the sporty fabrics and details along with romantic items. “Vintage Sportism” is characterized by its well-refined, high quality expression of naturally worn for long time, which is affected by the postmodernism. “Urban Utility Sportism,” which is developed with such design factors as fabrics, styles, details and colors with emphasis on their utility and functionality, explicitly accommodates the changed modern life styles particularly in urban areas. Lastly, the military image, which was developed during the Iraq War along with simultaneous anti-war activities, and the peace messages, which deliver the mankind's hope for the world peace and social wellness, formulate the “Military Sportism”.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

Beginning in the Wei-Chin and Liu Ch´ao era(AD. 220-589), an awareness of natural beauty emerged as the major interest of scholars which created such a social atmosphere that served as the foundation of prosperous Chinese art. During the T´ang period, the desire to achieve natural beauty began to dominate every field of art including gardening. This study covers the T´ang period when scholars began to be conscious of aesthetics. The main objective of this study is to examine the significance of natural beauty as interpreted by Wangwei, an artist representative of the period, and of Wangchuan Villa in relation to aspects of garden theory. This study is mainly based on Wangwei´s anthology, landscape painting describing Wangchuan Villa, and historical records related to the Villa. The summary of conclusions of this study is as follows: 1) Wangwei´s concept of natural beauty is a combination of objective natural beauty and pastoral beauty, which stresses the essential beauty of nature. Moreover, he considered nature as a religious Utopia. 2)Wangchuan Villa, where Wangwei stayed until his death, was a place of seclusion representing his idea of natural beauty. There, he was able to realize the paradise of Buddhism full of zen aspirations. 3)From the perspective of garden theory, Wangchuan Villa can be classified as a suburb villa in terms of location, as a landscape garden in terms of elements, and as a villa based on a typical private land system in terms of forms. In addition, it may be considered as a garden that laid the foundation to realize a field of non-visible image and non-visible landscape, which is fundamental element of scholarly garden design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

As the quality of life has improved today, there is a growing desire among consumers for new space and interest in spending their valuable time in 'the third space' has tended to increase. Cafes have been integrated with sales and exhibition space as the representative third space. For example, it's cafe type automobile exhibition centers. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of 'the third space' in cafe type automobile exhibition centers and suggest a plan for effective spatial characteristics. It checked the necessity of the third space' in automobile exhibition centers by analyzing automobile consumption trends of the 21st century according to industry change and restructures a checklist by grasping cafe type automobile exhibition centers and the concept and characteristics of 'the third space' based on the precedent studies. A questionnaire is made through the checklist drawn and a survey is conducted targeting users of the target areas of cases. The target areas of cases are 4 cafe type automobile exhibition centers opened in Korea since 2014. The analytical results of the target areas of cases that reflected the characteristics of 'the third space' are as follow: First, cafe type automobile exhibition centers must be built to make customers enter the space and at the same time, receive information on automobiles and space naturally. Second, in order to increase satisfaction with the space and brands, there is the necessity to arouse their interest through various experiences including test driving cars directly. Third, revisit intention can be found to be more influenced by spatial design than brand satisfaction. Fourth, partitions or interior for dividing the space need to be improved. In the next studies, specific research on plans about creating design to improve corporate image and brands and induce customers to revisit cafe type automobile exhibition centers by applying the characteristics of 'the third place' to them is required.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.3
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• pp.209-222
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• 2014

NCW is a new operational concept for modern warfare to improve the ability to conduct combat by connecting command and control system via network. To realize NCW integrating information sharing system between multiple platforms, CDL is considered as a key component for high-speed transmission of ISR data. Accordingly, further studies to enhance the performance of CDL are being performed around the world, and our government has also developed self-reliant CDL, MPI-CDL. However, the maximum data rate and networking performance of current CDL still fall short of the objective to enable multiple systems to share the large ISR data. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the development flow and international technical trends of CDL, and present an approach for enhancing data rate and networking capacity of the next generation CDL.