• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to estimate air quality trends in the study area by surveying monthly and seasonal concentration trends. To do this, the mass concentration of $PM_{10}$ samples and the metals, ions, and total carbon in the $PM_{10}$ were analyzed. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $33.9{\mu}g/m^3$. The composition of $PM_{10}$ was 39.2% ionic species, 5.1% metallic species, and 26.6% carbonic species (EC and OC). Ionic species, especially sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate, were the most abundant in the $PM_{10}$ and had a high correlation coefficient with $PM_{10}$. Seasonal variation of $PM_{10}$ showed a similar pattern to those of ionic and metallic species. with high concentration during the winter and spring seasons. $PM_{10}$ showed high correlation with the ionic species $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$. In addition, $NH_4{^+}$ was highly correlated with $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NO_3{^-}$. We obtained four factors through factor analysis and determined the pollution sources using the United States Environmental Protection Agency(U.S. EPA) pollution profile. The first factor accounted for 51.1% of $PM_{10}$ from complex sources, that is, soil, motor vehicles, and secondary particles: the second factor indicated marine sources; the third factor, industry-related sources; and the last factor, heating-related sources. However, the pollution profile used in this study may be somewhat different from the actual situation in Korea because it was from US EPA. Therefore, to more accurately estimate the pollutants present, it is necessary to create a pollution profile for Korea.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2021

Vapor-driven solutal Marangoni flow is governed by the concentration distribution of solutes on a liquid-gas interface. Typically, the flow structure is investigated by particle image velocimetry (PIV). However, to develop a theoretical model or to explain the working mechanism, the concentration distribution of solutes at the interface should be known. However, it is difficult to achieve the concentration profile theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, to find the concentration distribution of solutes around 2D droplet, the reverse tracking method with an artificial neural network based on PIV data was performed. Using the method, the concentration distribution of solutes around a 2D droplet was estimated for actual flow data from PIV experiment.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 1984

An improved mass spectrometric method for multicomponent analysis of metabolites in urine, well-suited for clinical biochemistry, is described. The method involves solvent elution of the metabolites from an adsorbent and the concentration of the eluate on a microadsorption column. This is administered by a direct inlet probe into the ionizing source of field ionization mass spectrometry (FIMS), which yield a molecular weight profile of the metabolites. The procedure provides rapidly (within one hour) reproducible profiles from a small volume of urine. The optimization of the sampling technique and the reproducibility are discussed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.883-890
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• 2005

In this paper, the established model of NBTI (Negative Bias Temperature Instability) mechanism was reviewed. Based on this mechanism, then, the influence of nitrogen was discussed among other processes. A constant concentration of nitrogen exists inside $SiO_2$ in order to prevent boron from diffusing and to increase dielectric constant. It was shown that NBTI improvement was achieved by controlling nitrogen profile. It was supposed that the existence of low activation energy of Si-N bonds at $Si-SiO_2$ interface attributes the improvement by making hydrogen prevent interface traps. It was also shown that improvement of NBTI can be achieved by more effective control of nitrogen profile. It was supposed that the maximum control of nitrogen profile can be achieved by DPN (Decoupled Plasma Nitridation) process.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2008

As the measures of nuclear power plant utilities and manufacturers to reduce the defects of tube expansion region during manufacturing steam generators, many types of NDEs(Non-Destructive Examinations) are conducted to inspect the expansion region. The expansion region of tube is subject to degrade because of stress concentration induced by tube expansion, sludge pile and high temperature. So the inspections for tube expansion region have been reinforced. Liquid penetrant test, helium leak test, Bobbin profile test and hydraulic test are performed to confirm the integrity of tube expanded by hydraulic expansion method. Liquid penetrant test and helium leak test are used to inspect seal weld region on tubesheet end part. Bobbin Profile test is used to inspect fully the expanded region of steam generator tube. Hydraulic test finally verifies the integrity of seal weld region on tubesheet end part.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.54-65
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• 1997

To quantify the LII signals from soot particle of flames in diesel engine cylinder, a new method has been proposed for correcting LII signal attenuated by soot particles between the measuring point and the detector. It has been verified by an experiment on a laminar jet ethylene-air diffusion flame. Being proportional to the attenuation, the ratio of LII signal at two different detection wavelengths can be used to correct the measured LIIsignal and obtain the unattenuated LII signal, from which the soot volume fraction in the flame can be estimated. Both the 1064-nm and frequency-doubled 532-nm beams from the Nd : YAG laser are used. Single-shot, one-dimensional(1-D) line images are recorded on the intensified CCD camera, with the rectangular-profile laser beam using 1-mm-diameter pinhole. Two broadband optical interference filters having the center wavelengths of 647 nm and 400 nm respectively and a bandwidth of 10 nm are used. This two-wavelength correction has been applied to the ethylene-air coannular laminar diffusion flame, previously studied on soot formation by the laser extinction method in this laboratory. The results by the LII measurement technique and the conventional laser extinction method at the height of 40 nm above the jet exit agreed well with each other except around outside of the peaks of soot concentration, where the soot concentration was relatively high and resulting attenuation of the LII signal was large. The radial profile shape of soot concentration was not changed a lot, but the absolute value of the soot volume fraction around outside edge changed from 4ppm to 6.5 ppm at r=2.8mm after correction. This means that the attenuation of LII signal was approximately 40% at this point, which is higher than the average attenuation rate of this flame, 10~15%.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.65-94
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• 1993

This study examined metabolic profiles of 1349 Holstein cows from 91 commercial herds. Thirteen parameters which are consisted of twelve blood components and body condition score were examined and their mean values. standard deviations and standard limits, which are 80% confidential limits, in each lactational stage were reported. The variations of each parameter affected by season, individual milk yield, adjusted corrected milk yield of herd. and lactation number were also reported. A model of metabolic profile test applicable to this country where the average number of cows in a herd is small as to be fifteen is designed. Metabolic profiles as reflected in each parameter were discussed in relation to adequacy of dietary intake for production, milk production, reproductive performance, and diseases, and the possible measure to improve productivity of dairy cows were proposed. Much of the variation in parameters was due to differences between herds, and less to differences between seasons, differences between individual milk yield, and differences between lactational stages. As the average herd size in this country is small, it is believed that all the cows in a herd must be sampled, and the individual result of each parameter was compared with the standard limit for each lactational stage, and the percentage of cows which are outside the standard limits in a herd was calculated to use as a criteria for evaluation of the herd. Data outside the 99% confidential limits were to be deleted at first, but when the trends of the data outside the 99% confidential limits are same as the trends of the data within 99% confidential limits, the deleted data must be reviewed again, otherwise some important informations would be missed. The mean concentration of blood urea nitrogen in this study was much higher than that was reported in England, U.S.A. and Japan, and it was similar to the upper limits reported in England, U.S.A. and Japan. So it was thought that the concentration of blood urea nitrogen is improper as a criteria for protein intake. The increase of serum total protein cocentration beyond standard limits was due to increase of serum globulin concentration in most of the cows. The correlation coefficient between serum and protein and serum globulin concentration was 0.83. Serum globulin concentration was negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of herd. Serum albumin, calcium and magnessium concentrations were negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of herd, which indicate that high-producing individual or high-producing herd have not taken sufficient protein/amino acids, calcium and magnessium. Packed cell volume was negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of the herd, and the trend was same In each lactational stage. The correlation coefficient between serum and packed cell volume was 0.16 and the correlation was very weak. Blood glucose concentration was lowest in early lactational stage, which indicates negative energy balance in early lactational stage. Blood glucose concentration was negatively related to adjusted corrected milk of herd from peak to late lactational stage, which indicates negative energy balance during the period in high-producing individuals or high-producing herds. Correlation coefficient between serum aspartate aminotransferase activity and serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase activity was 0.41, and this indicates that serum ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase should be included as a parameter of metabolic profile test to evaluate liver function. Body condition score of dairy cows in this country was lower than that of Japan in every lactational stages, and the magnitude of increase in body condition score during middle and late lactational stages was small. Metabolic profile can not be evaluated with solely nutritional intake. When an individual or large percentage of cows in a herd have adnormal values In parameters of metabolic profile test, veterinary clinician and nutritionist should cooperate so as to diagnose diseases and to calculate the e of no운ents simultaneously.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.550-560
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• 1999

There have been many research efforts on biofilter modeling including Ottengraf et al. who derived a model equation for the concentration profile of pollutants(e.g., VOCs) in the biolayer and solved their outlet concentration of the waste gas stream through biofilter. However, for most of research works done so far, the effects to explain the effect of adsorption of organic particles to medium(i.e., adsorbent) have been ignored. In this work biofilter modeling accompanying process lumping has been proposed and the theoretical effect of adsorption property of the medium, on the biofilter performance of eliminating organic components in waste gas stream, is intensively discussed.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1996

Two types of regularization method (singular system and HMP approaches) for generating depth-concentration profiles from angle-resolved XPS data were evaluated. Both approaches showed qualitatively similar results although they employed different numerical algorithms. The application of the regularization method to simulated data demonhstrates its excellent utility for the complex depth profile system . It includes the stable restoration of depth-concentration profiles from the data with considerable random error and the self choice of smoothing parameter that is imperative for the successful application of the regularization method. The self choice of smoothing parameter is based on generalized cross-validation method which lets the data themselves choose the optimal value of the parameter.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 1989

Studies were conducted on the preparation methods of strawberry jam. Strawberry was homogenized and centrifuged to serum-pulp portion. Concentration of strawberry serum was carried out at 55~58$^{\circ}C$ under pressure of 30~60mmHg. Strawberry jam bases were mixed throughly and stuffed in retortable pouch, The pouch was sterilized to make a new strawberry jam. The characteristics of new type ism was analyzed gas chromatographic profile, and sensory evaluations.