• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1990

The aqueous extract of fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) contains a macromolecular fraction that showed mitogenic and co-mitogenic activities in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Purification of the crude extract by size (ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-200) and charge (DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sepharose) yielded a semi.purified fraction (DS-3). This fraction contains at least three subgroups of anionic macromolecules with apparent molecular weight greater than 600 kilodaltons. It is a glycoprotein with a large amount of glucuronic acid. It acts as a mitogen in both T and B cells of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It could also potentiate the mitogenic action of Concanavalin A in lymphocyte T cells. Such potentiation is not due to increased binding of Concanavalin A to the cell surface. Its mitogenic and co-mitogenic effects do depend on the presence of extracellular Ca2+.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2001

It is possible ot prepare protoplasts of the zygomycete fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus, by digesting the cell wall of spore germlings with commercially available chitinase and chitosanase. However, the cells without any cell walls immediately form large aggregates, and thus, it is difficult to isolate the individually separated protoplasts. Inherent problem with the formation of aggregates in preparing protoplasts could be solved by the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA). As a result, we were able to prepare a large number of single protoplsts quickly and easily. We took time-lapse photomicrographs of the formation of protoplasts, and found that there were certain regions of the cell wall of spore germlings that were sensitive to chitinase and chitosanase, although the cell wall of the original spores is known to be insensitive to these enzymes. There are two kinds of cell walls on a spore germling; one with a bound wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and the other a bound concanavalin A (ConA). Furthermore, only cells with walls which had bound WGA were able to regenerate, while those with walls with bound ConA were not able to regenerate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.241-244
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• 2011

A lectin from the hemolymph of purse crab, Philyra pisum, was found to have anti-proliferative activity on human lung cancer cells by our laboratory. In this study, P. pisum lectin (PPL) was molecularly characterized including molecular mass, amino acid sequences, amino acid composition, and the effects of metal ions, temperature, and pH on the activity. We found that PPL showed mitogenic activity on human lymphocytes and BALB/c mouse splenocytes. The mitogenic activity (maximum stimulation index, $SI=9.57{\pm}0.59$) of PPL on human lymphocytes was higher than that of a standard well-known plant mitogen, concanavalin A (maximum $SI=8.80{\pm}0.59$). The mitogenic activity mediated by PPL is required for optimum dosing, and higher or lower concentrations caused decreases in mitogenic response. PPL also induced mitogenic activity on mouse splenocytes, however, the maximum SI ($1.77{\pm}0.09$) on mouse splenocytes of PPL was lower than that ($2.14{\pm}0.15$) of concanavalin A. In conclusion, PPL is a metal ion-dependent monomer lectin with mitogenic activity, and could be used as a lymphocyte or splenocyte stimulator.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Myrosinases (thioglucosidases) catalyze the hydrolysis of a class of compounds called glucosinolates, of which the aglycones show various biological functions. It is often necessary to minimize the loss of myrosinase activity during thermal processing of cruciferous vegetables. Myrosinase was isolated from a popular spice, white mustard (Sinapis alba), and its thermal inactivation kinetics was investigated. The enzyme was extracted from white mustard seeds and purified by a sequential processes of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. At least three isozymes were revealed by Concanavalin A-Sepharose column chromatography. The purity of the major myrosinase was examined by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and on-gel activity staining with methyl red. The molecular weight of the major enzyme was estimated to be 171 kDa. When the consecutive step model was used for the thermal inactivation of the major myrosinase, its inactivation energy was 44.388 kJ/mol for the early stage of destruction and 32.019 kJ/mol for the late stage of destruction. When the distinct two enzymes model was used, the inactivation energy was 77.772 kJ/mol for the labile enzyme and 95.145 kJ/mol for the stable enzyme. The thermal inactivation energies lie within energy range causing nutrient destruction on heating.

• Journal of Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

GD68 is newly developed herb complex prescription. The constituent herbs of GD68 were Massa Medicata Fermentata, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, Poria, Zingiberis Siccatum Rhizoma, Crataegi Fructus, Saccarum Granorum, Agastachis Herba, Taraxaci Herba, Perillae Herba, Scutellariae Radix, Astragali Radix, Ginseng Radix, Houttuyniae Herba and Halloysitum Rubrum. The aim of this study was to examine feed value of GD68 in duck. The weight gain of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 high compared to those of the control. The feed intake and mortality of ducks fed with supplemental GD68 low compared to those of the control. The moisture, crude lipid and calorie content of the ducks fed GD68 were decreased, but the crude protein content of the ducks fed GD68 was increased. And we investigated the effect of GD68 on the production of cytokines in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells. GD68 plus concanavalin A (Con A) increased the interferon-$\gamma$ and interleukin-2 production compared with Con A alone. These results indicate that the supplemental GD68 may improve the production, meat quality and immunity of ducks.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 1987

The present study was carried out to investigate the optimal conditions on blastogenesis of guinea pig lymphocytes. A microculture system in conjuction with a semiautomatic multiple sample harvester was used to study the in vitro optimal condition of guinea pig lymphocytes. Careful analysis of lymphocyte transformation to concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mitogen determined optimal conditions as: (a) 10% fetal bovine serum in RPMI-1640 medium (b) 48-hour culture period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.175-175
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• 2003

In the present study, we show the inhibitory effect of anethole, a substituted alkenylbenzene found in a variety of foods and essential oils, on T lymphocyte functions. Anethole produced an inhibition of concanavalin A-induced lymphoproliferation in B6C3F1 mouse splenocytes.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.143.1-143.1
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• 2000

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 1986

The effects of proteases, neuraminidase and EDTA on adhesion of amoebae on the substratum, ultrastructure and biochemical composition of the cell surface were studied by concanavalin A (con A) cytochemistry and SDS PAGE. By con A cytochemistry the glycocalyx of the plasmalemma was easily subdivided into outer filamentous (F) layer and the inner amorphous (A) layer. On treatment with neuraminidase, amoebae attached to the substratum and spreaded better than untreated cells exposing the more con A binding sites in A- and F-layer. When the cells were treated with trypsin or proteinase K, cells stayed unattached for 12 and 48 hr, respectively. Con A binding sites of A layer and all of those glycoproteins were removed by proteinase K. On the other hand, trypsin damaged all of the con A binding sites in both A- and F-layer without significant change in PAS-stained profile of the plasmalemma. Some of the mucopolysaccharides of the cell surface were released by these enzymes and EDTA. When the cells were incubated with monovalent con A they did not attch on the substratum and cytolysed. From these results adhesion of amoebae on the substratum appears to be mediated by the interaction of the glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides of the A layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.323-323
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• 2022

Jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)], belonging to the Leguminosae family has been frequently used in edible and medicinal plants in Asian countries. Jack beans are high in protein which is approximately 30%. Concanavalin A (Con A) is a major protein of Jack bean and belongs to the family of legume lectins. It has inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing autophagy. However, Con A negatively affects nutrient utilization by other mechanisms. It binds to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of the digestive tract mucosa, inhibits the activity of the enzymes of the brush border of the enterocytes. In order to use Jack bean young seedpods, they are restricted to 'young pods (soft, pre-swelling)' according to the 'Food Code' (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the quantitative change of Con A across developmental stages of Jack bean pods. Biological samples consisted of Jack bean pods and seeds in 7 stages of development. The expression pattern of Con A mRNA was monitored by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of Con A proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of Con A mRNA and protein in the seeds tended to increase gradually as the seeds expanded. However, in pods, they were much less than in seeds. As the expression of Con A mRNA and protein increases as the pods thicken, it is predicted that Con A synthesis increases when the thickness growth of the pod begins after the length growth of the pod is completed. Since the expression of Con A in the pods and seeds in very low when the pods are about 2 cm, therefore 2 cm pods seem appropriate when using 'young pods'. It is also necessary to study other proteins in Jack bean, such as Urease and Canavalin. These studies will serve as the basis for processing Jack bean.