• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4706-4726
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• 2019

The paper is devoted to the detailed description of the distributed system for gathering data from Windows-based workstations and servers. The research presented in the beginning demonstrates that neither a solution for gathering data on attacks against Windows based PCs is available at present nor other security tools and supplementary programs can be combined in order to achieve the required attack data gathering from Windows computers. The design of the newly proposed system named Colander is presented, too. It is based on a client-server architecture while taking much inspiration from previous attempts for designing systems with similar purpose, as well as from IDS systems like Snort. Colander emphasizes its ease of use and minimum demand for system resources. Although the resource usage is usually low, it still requires further optimization, as is noted in the performance testing. Colander's ability to detect threats has been tested by real malware, and it has undergone a pilot field application. Future prospects and development are also proposed.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-57
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• 2015

This study aims to understand the overall experiences of students who use notebook computers in class by using a qualitative approach. Interview data were collected from 23 Korean college students at a Korean university, who use notebook computers in their classes; the data were analyzed through the constant comparison method. The results from this study can be categorized into two themes: the positive and negative effects of using a notebook computer in class, and different perspectives on the effects of using a notebook computer in class. The positive effects of notebook computer usage were specified as production of lecture notes, performing searches for information, management of learning materials, and effective time management. However, behaviors such as perusing other works not associated with the class were indicated as negative effects. The participants had different perceptions about the effect of notebook computer usage in increasing academic performance, although they were satisfied in their experience with notebook computers in general. These results imply that appropriate methods of technology usage are needed and that the support of an instructor is essential to achieve fully beneficial use of notebook computers in class.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2000

Development of new and highly efficient computer technologies are providing schools and homes with faster and multi-functioning computers, and text-oriented education softwares are now being rapidly replaced by multimedia CAI. There are also increasing needs for computer-literate teachers and more effective CAI materials. The goal of this study is to present effective ways to use computers as teaching aids in mathematics classrooms and how computers affect the students' achievement, interest and attitude in mathematics. Theoretical reviews on learning theories of CAI and multimedia were made before designing teaching plans for mathematics classrooms and the plans were applied to classrooms. The result of this study shows that there is a significant difference in achievement between control group and experimental group, and also indicates that CAI increases the students' interest and attitude in mathematics to a certain extent. Although using computers in classrooms are considered to be more effective in teaching than text-oriented lectures, the number of computers in schools is limited and all the students can not take advantage of individualized drill and practice programs or tutorial programs. One way of various solutions to this problem is developing teaching materials for middle or large sized classes and providing teachers with easy-to-carry notebook computers. And also mathematics teachers should be given more chances to train themselves in developing and using CAI materials.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.319-323
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• 2022

Handwritten text recognition is one of the active research areas nowadays. The progress in this field differs in every language. For example, the progress in Arabic handwritten text recognition is still insignificant and needs more attentions and efforts. One of the most important fields in this is Arabic handwritten manuscript text recognition which focuses in extracting text from historical manuscripts. For eons, ancients used manuscripts to write everything. Nowadays, there are millions of manuscripts all around the world. There are two main challenges in dealing with these manuscripts. The first one is that they are at the risk of damage since they are written in primitive materials, the second challenge is due to the difference in writing styles, hence most people are unable to read these manuscripts easily. Therefore, we discuss in this study different papers that are related to this important research field.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.570-582
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• 1999

Although computers cannot analyze textual data in the same way as they analyze numerical data. they can nevertheless be of great assistance to qualitative researchers. Thus, the use of computers in analyzing qualitative data has increased since the 1980s. The purpose of this article was to explore advantages and disadvanteges of using computers to analyze textual data and to suggest strategies to prevent problems of using computers. In additon, it illustrated characteristics and functions of softwares designed to analyze qualitative data to help researchers choose the program wisely. It also demonstrated precise functions and procedures of the NUDIST program which was designed to develop a conceptual framework or grounded theory from unstructured data. Major advantage of using computers in qualitative research is the management of huge amount of unstructured data. By managing overloaded data, researcher can keep track of the emerging ideas, arguments and theoretical concepts and can organize these tasks mope efficiently than the traditional method of 'cut-and-paste' technique. Additional advantages are the abilities to increase trustworthiness of research, transparency of research process, and intuitional creativity of the researcher, and to facilitate team and secondary research. On the other hand, disvantages of using computers were identified as worries that the machine could conquer the human understanding and as probability of these problems. it suggested strategies such as 1) deep understanding of orthodoxy in analytical process. To overcome philosophical and theoretical background of qualitative research method, 2) deep understanding of the data as a whole before using software, 3) use of software after familiarity with it, 4) continuous evaluation of software and feedback from them, and 5) continuous awareness of the limitation of the machine, that is computer, in the interpretive analysis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2006

The proper management of discarded electronic devices (often called electronic-waste) is an emerging issue for solid waste professionals throughout the world because of the large growth of the waste stream, and the content of toxic metals in them, most notably heavy metals such as lead. Notebook computers are becoming one of the major components of discarded computer devices and will continue to increase in the waste stream in the future. While the computers hold great promise for recycling, a substantial amount of this waste is often disposed in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is commonly used to simulate worse case leaching conditions where a potentially hazardous waste is assumed to be disposed along with municipal solid waste in a landfill with actively decomposing materials overlying an aquifer. The objective of this study was to examine leaching potential of lead from discarded notebook computers using the scale-up TCLP, other standard leaching tests such as California waste extraction test (Cal WET), and the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and actual landfill leachates as leaching solution. The scale-up TCLP is a modified TCLP (where the device was disassembled and leached in or near entirety) to meet the intent of the TCLP. The results showed that the scale-up TCLP resulted in relatively high lead found in the leachate with an average of 23.3 mg/L. The average level was less than those by the standard TCLP and WET (37.0 mg/L and 86.0 mg/L, respectively), but much greater than those by the SPLP and the extractions with the landfill leachates (0.55 mg/L and 1.47 mg/L, respectively). The pH of the leaching solution and the ability of the organic acids in the TCLP and WET to complex with the lead were identified as major factors that controlled the amount of lead leached from notebook computers. Based on the results obtained by a number of leaching tests in this study, notebook computers may present a potential leaching risk to the environment and human health upon land disposal. However, further investigation is still needed to assess the true risk posed by the land disposal of discarded notebook computers.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.284-292
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the changes of dietary attitudes and behaviors in relation to the use of computers of elementary school children in Seoul. The total of 451 elementary school children, consisting of 235 females and 216 males, participated in the study. The result of domestic characteristics, dietary attitudes and behaviors, the level of the use of computers, and health-related symptoms of the subjects were achieved through the questionnaires as follows: The average height, weight, BMI and obesity-index of the participants were 149.0 cm, 42.4 kg, 19.0, -8.6, respectively. Anions subjects, 42.8％ answered their bed times were between 11~12 pm, and 82.4％ answered that they had extracurricular activities. The most desired activity as their leisure was computer works (female: 44.3％, male: 62.5％). 38.4％ of children used the computers for 1~2 hours a day and the most general usage of computers was a computer game (66.1％). The changes in dietary habits of the subjects were such as eating faster(30.2％), having lots of snacks(28.8％), eating anything at hand(26.4％), skipping breakfast due to over-sleeping(18.4％). As changes in life patterns, those in the time managements for watching T.V.(35.3％), reading(35.0％), exercising(31.9％), sleeping(27.5％), relaxing(27.5％) and other hobbies(26.4％) were observed. In conclusion, many children were being affected by the socioeconomic factors changing the environments, especially by the need for the use of computers. The rates of eating alone and skipping breakfast were getting higher in the dietary patterns of elementary school children. We found that the changes in social environments according to the heavy use of the computer were affecting on their dietary pattern. The direction and method of nutrition education had to be established for the proper understanding of the desirable dietary behaviors.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2018

By using the raw data of the 2015 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Consensus that surveyed the farmers engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishery in 2015, this study investigated the effects of the characteristics of the farms in Gangwon-do on the utilization of the digital devices, which was classified into computers usage only, smartphones usage only, both computers and smartphones usage, and no digital device usage. This study used the Multinomial Logit Model for the above purpose. Moreover, the IIA(Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives) method of the Multinomial Logit Model was analyzed to be suitable. Upon the result of the analysis, when all the other variables were constant in the average, the probability of choosing both computers and smartphones increased by 0.02% as the family member living together with the farm owner increased by 1 person. In addition, the farms with agricultural machineries have 0.03% increased probability of using smartphones to sell their agricultural products, when compared with the farms without agricultural machinery. Moreover, for the farms with high sales profit of the agricultural products, the probability of using computers and the probability of using smartphones increased by 0.04% and 0.01%, respectively, and the probability of using both computers and smartphones increased by 0.02%. On the other hand, for the farms affiliated with the agricultural organization, the probability of using both computers and smartphones increased by 0.17%, and the probability of using only smartphones and the probability of using only computers increased by 0.16% and 0.15%, respectively. In case of selling to the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(NACF), the probability of using smartphones increased by 0.11% if all other variables were to be constant in the average. In particular, the farms participating in the agriculture-related industries have 1.09% increased probability of using computers, have 0.92% increased probability of using smartphones, and 0.85% increased probability of using both computers and smartphones. Therefore, the implications suggested based on the results of the analysis are as follows. First, the farms' choices of the digital devices are made independently. Hence, the future agricultural industry business platform establishment should necessarily consider the types of farms' choices of the digital devices in the future. Second, since the usage of digital devices has a generally positive influence on the farm household income, digital education to improve farmers' ability to use the digital devices should be urgently provided in order to improve the farm household income in the farms in Gangwon-do. Third, because the digital devices used to sell agricultural products differ depending on the age of the farm owner, it would be desirable to target the younger generation of the farm owners rather than establishing the agricultural industry business platform for the farms in the aged farm villages. Fourth, it would be advisable for the future agricultural business platform to consider the characteristics of agricultural products sales source.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 2006

에드 혹 네트워크는 불규칙한 이동성을 지닌 다수의 노드들에 의해 자율적으로 구성되는 네트워크이다. 그러나 에드 혹 네트워크는 저 전력, 낮은 프로세싱 능력, 무선채널이라는 에드 혹 네트워크만의 특징으로 인해 패킷 드롭, 재전송 공격, 서비스 거부 공격, 비잔틴 공격, 신원사칭과 같은 보안상 여러 가지 공격에 취약하다는 문제점을 안고 있다. 때문에 이러한 취약점을 개선하려는 방안으로 노드 간에 인증, 기밀성, 무결성을 비롯한 여러 가지 요소를 충족시키기 위한 보안기법이 연구되어 왔다, 그러나 Ad Hoc 네트워크는 기존의 회선을 사용하는 정적인 형태의 네트워크가 아닌 시간에 동적으로 네트워크 구조가 변화하며, 네트워크에서 불규칙한 이동성을 지닌 노드들은 적은양의 자원을 소유하는 원인으로 인해 기존의 보안기법은 효과적이지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성이 확보된 이웃 노드 간에 그룹을 형성하고, 그룹멤버의 안전성을 입증하는 그룹 인증서를 생성하여 그룹에 접근하는 단일노드 혹은 또 다른 그룹간의 인증을 수행하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한 그룹 멤버 간에 그룹 키를 생성하여 데이터 유출에 대한 위험성 문제를 해결하고, 인증과 기밀성 유지로 인한 자원소비를 감소시킬 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1272-1284
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• 2010

모바일 컴퓨터가 고성능화되고 범용 컴퓨터처럼 사용되면서 모바일 컴퓨터의 운영체제에서도 주 기억장치를 효율적으로 사용할 수 있게 해주는 스왑 시스템 기능이 요구되고 있다. 모바일 컴퓨터의 저장 장치는 플래시 메모리가 널리 쓰이고 있는데 현재의 리눅스 스왑 시스템은 플래시 메모리를 고려하지 않고 있다. 스왑 시스템은 실행 중인 프로세스의 내용을 저장하기 때문에 프로세스 실행과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이러한 성질을 고려하여, 본 논문에서는 프로세스 별로 플래시 메모리 블록을 할당하는 PASS(Process-Aware Swap System)라는 새로운 리눅스 스왑 시스템을 연구하였다. 트레이스 기반의 실험을 통해 PASS의 가비지 수집 성능이 기존 가비지 수집 기법을 사용하는 리눅스 스왑 시스템보다 우수함을 보였다.