• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.988-993
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• 2011

Cyclodehydration of 6-amino-5-cyano pyrimidine derivative (2) afforded pyrimidoisoindole derivatives (3). Compound (3) reacted with carbethoxymethylene derivative to give pyridopyrimidine derivatives (5a,b). Compound (3) was also reacted with formamide to give the corresponding pyrimidopyrimdine derivatives (6) that condensed with benzaldehyde to give Schiff's base (7). Refluxing of compound (3) with triethyl orthoformate afforded compound (8) that cyclized with ammonium hydroxide giving the same compound (6). Compound (8) cyclized with hydrazine hydrate giving compound (9) which also cyclized with triethyl orthoformate affording compound (10). Diazotization of compound (3) led to the formation of triazinopyrimidine derivative (11). Cyclization of compound (11) upon treatment with hydrazine hydrate afforded compound (12). Compound (15) was prepared from reaction of compound (3) and ethylenediamine in presence of carbon disulfide. The behaviour of compound (15) toward benzoyl chloride, triethyl orthoformate, nitrous acid and/or carbon disulfide was also described. All proposed structures were supported by elemental analyses, spectroscopic data and some of the new products showed antimicrobial activity.

• 고무기술
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Effects of silane modifier, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT(S4)) and bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (TESPD(S2)), on silica filled compound were investigated upon processability, dynamic, mechanical, heat build-up, blowout properties, and silica dispersion in natural rubber (NR). The temperature of the S2 treated silica compound generated higher than that of the S4 treated compound during internal mixer compounding. The shear viscosity of the S2 compound exhibited lower than that of the S4 compound and the viscosity measured in dynamic mode was close to each other. The elongation modulus of the S2 compound exhibited lower than that of the S4; however, the tear resistance strength of the S2 compound exhibited higher than that of the S4 compound. The loss tan$\delta$ values of the S2 compound exhibited higher than those of the S4 at room temperature. The augmentation of the test temperature lowered the tan$\delta$ values of each compound, which results in close tan$\delta$ values to each other at $100^{\circ}C$. The S2 compound deformed less than the S4 compound, and the blowout time of each compound was close to each other. The S2 compound generated more heat build-up than the S4 compound. The abrasion loss of the S2 compound was less than that of the S4 compound. The size of the silica agglomerate reduced on both S4 and S2 compounds upon vulcanization. The addition of the bifunctional silanes (S2 and S4) on silica filled NR compound improved the processability of each compound and their effects were more significant on the S2 compound than the S4 compound. After vulcanization the silica agglomerate size of each compound reduced compared with before vulcanization.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.493-497
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• 2002

한국산 인삼 5년근을 60% acetone으로 추출하여 Sepadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, MCI-CHP 20 gel column chromatography, Bondapak $C_{18}$, column chromatography을 이용하여 TLC와 HPLC로 순도를 검증한 후 3 종의 polyphenol 화합물을 분리하였다. Compound I과 II는 Sepadex LH-20 gel column chromatography에서 증류수상에서 용출되었고 compound Ⅲ는 40% methanol 상에서 용출됨을 보아 compound II와 compound III는 흡착성이 강한 polyphenol 화합물이라 추정되었다. 혈압강하에 관여하는 효소인 angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)의 저해효과는 compound II가 157 ppm에서 31.86%로 3 가지 분획물 중 가장 우수하였으며 compound I과 III는 높은 활성을 보이지 않았다. 통풍예방에 관여하는 xanthine oxidase 저해효과는 compound I, II에서 666 ppm에서 100%저해효과를 나타내었으나 compound III는 저해효과가 낮았다. Melanin을 형성하는 tyrosinase 저해효과를 실함한 결과 compound III는 400 ppm에서 28.6%의 저해효과를 나타내었고 Compound I과 II의 저해효과는 낮았다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2013

Compound K is a major metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, which has various pharmacological activities in vivo and in vitro. However, previous studies have focused on the pharmacokinetics of a single metabolite or the parent compound and have not described the pharmacokinetics of both compounds in humans. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K, we performed an open-label, single-oral dose pharmacokinetic study using Korean Red Ginseng extract. We enrolled 10 healthy Korean male volunteers in this study. Serial blood samples were collected during 36 h after Korean Red Ginseng extract administration to determine plasma concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 and compound K. The mean maximum plasma concentration of compound K was $8.35{\pm}3.19$ ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of ginsenoside Rb1 ($3.94{\pm}1.97$ ng/mL). The half-life of compound K was 7 times shorter than that of ginsenoside Rb1. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics, especially absorption, of compound K are not influenced by the pharmacokinetics of its parent compound, except the time to reach the maximum plasma concentration The delayed absorption of compound K support the evidence that the intestinal microflora play an important role in the transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.959-967
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• 2003

한국산 배를 60% acetone으로 추출하여 Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, MCI-CHP 20 gel column chromatography, Bondapack $C_{18}$ gel column chromatography을 이용하여 TLC와 HPLC로 순도를 검증한 후 4종의 polyphenol 화합물을 분리, 정제하였다. Compound A와 B는 Sepadex LH-20 gel column chromatography에서 증류수상에서 용출되었고 compound C는 40% methanol상에서 용출됨을 보아 compound B와 compound C는 흡착성이 강한 polyphenol 화합물이라 추정되었다. 분리, 정제한 4종의 compound를 NMR, FAM-mass 및 FT-IR를 이용하여 화학구조를 결정한 결과 compound A는 (+)-catechin, compound B는 (+)-gallocatechin, compound C는 (-)-epigallocatechin이고 compound D는 procyanidin B-3-3-o-gallate로 밝혀졌다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.289-301
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• 1995

The effect of Air/$C_3H_8$ gas addition on the compound layer growth of steels nitrocarburised in $NH_3+Air+C_3H_8$ mixed gas atmospheres was investigated. It is considered that amount of residual $NH_3$ was varied according to alternation of Air/$C_3H_8$ mixing ratio and volume content. The compound layer formed from nitrocarburising was composed of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(C, N) and ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N). According as Air/$C_3H_8$ mixing ratio increased, the superficial content of ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(C, N) within the compound layer was increased, at the same time the growth rate of compound layer and porous layer was increased. In the case of alloy steel at the fixed gas composition, the growth rate of compound layer and porous layer was worse than carbon steel and compound layer phase composition structure primarily consisted of E phase. As the carbon content of materials was increasing in the given gas atmospheres, the growth rate of compound layer and porous layer was increased and the superficial content of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(C, N) within the compound layer was increased.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2000

Ferritic plasma nitrocarburising was performed on pure iron using a modified DC plasma unit. This investigation was carried out with various gas compositions which consisted of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases, and various gas pressures for 3 hours at $570^{\circ}C$. After treatment, the different cooling rates(slow cooling and fast cooling) were used to investigate its effect on the structure of the compound layer. The ${\varepsilon}$ phase occupied the outer part of the compound layer and ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ phase existed between the ${\varepsilon}$ phase and the diffusion zone. The gas composition of the atmosphere influenced the constitution of the compound layer produced, i.e. high nitrogen contents were essential for the production of ${\varepsilon}$ phase compound layer. It was found that with increasing carbon content in the gas mixture the compound layer thickness increased up to 10%. In the gas pressure around 3 mbar, the compound layer characteristics were slightly effected by gas pressure. However, in the low gas pressure and high gas pressure, the compound layer characteristics were significantly changed. The constitution of the compound layer was altered by varying the cooling rate. A large amount of ${\gamma}^{\prime}$ phase was transformed from the ${\varepsilon}$ phase during slow cooling.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.83-104
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• 2011

In this note, compound-commuting additive maps on matrix spaces are studied. We show that compound-commuting additive maps send rank one matrices to matrices of rank less than or equal to one. By using the structural results of rank-one nonincreasing additive maps, we characterize compound-commuting additive maps on four types of matrices: triangular matrices, square matrices, symmetric matrices and Hermitian matrices.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1997

From the root of Symplocarpus renifolius, four compounds were isolated and their structure was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods. They were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (compound 1), asparagine (compound 2), isocorydine (compound 3) and 3-hydroxymethyl-4-phenyl phenoxy carboxylic acid glucopyranosyl ester (compound 4). These compounds were firstly isolated from roots of Symplocarpus renifolius. Compound 4 was identified as a new compound, named as symplocarposide.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 1998

Ghana산 cacao bean으로부터 acetone으로 추출하고 Sephadex LH-20, MCI-gel CHP-20, Bondapak $C_{18}$ 및 Fuji gel ODS $G_3$, chromatography 등을 이용하여 7종의 polyphenol 화합물(compound 1 - compound 7)을 분리 정제하였고, 이들 화합물의 화학구조를 $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, IR 및 MS를 사용하여 검색하였고 아울러 angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) 저해효과를 조사 검토하였다. 분리정제한 7종의 polyphenol 화합물의 구조를 분석한 결과, compound 1: [(+)-catechin], compound 2: [(-)-epicatechin], compound 3: [procyanidin B-1, (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(+)-catechin], compound 4 : [procyanidin B-2, (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin], compound 5: [procyanidin B-7, (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6)$-(+)-catechin], compound 6 : (procyanidin B-2,3,3'-O-digallate) 및 compound 7: [cinnamtannin A-2, (-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin-$(4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8)$-(-)-epicatechin]임을 동정하였다. ACE의 저해효과는 procyanidin B-2,3,3'-O-digallate (compound 6)가 $100\;{\um}M$에서 94.6%로 매우 우수하였으며, (+)-catechin (compound 1), (-)-epicate -chin (compound 2), procyanidin B류 (compound 3, 4, 5) 및 cinnamtannin A-2 (compound 7)도 각각 67.9%, 61.9%, 88.6%, 82.5%, 72.2% 및 82.3%의 비교적 우수한 저해효과가 있었다. 아울러 결합방식에서는 $4{\beta}{\rightarrow}6$보다 $4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8$의 결합방식이, 그리고 procyanidin 류에서는 gallate를 갖는 물질이 이를 함유하지 많은 물질보다 더욱 높은 ACE의 저해효과를 나타내었으며, 또한 hydroxyl 기가 많을수록 효소 저해효과도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 chocolate의 주원료인 cacao bean의 polyphenol 성분 또한 녹차 등에서 볼 수 있는 생리활성효과에 손색없는 것으로 판단되고, 이러한 기능성에 기초하여 chocolate, 음료 등의 식품이나 의약품의 기능성 소재로서의 산업적 응용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료된다.