• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Steel-concrete composite walls have been proposed and developed for applications in various types of structures. The double-skin profiled composite walls, as a natural development of composite flooring, provide structural and architectural merits. However, adequate intermediate fasteners between profiled steel plates and concrete core are required to fully mobilize the composite action and to improve the structural behavior of the wall. In this research, two new types of fasteners (i.e., threaded rods and vertical plates) were proposed and three specimens with different fastener types or fastener arrangements were tested under axial compression. The experimental results were evaluated in terms of failure modes, axial load versus axial displacement response, strength index, ductility index, and load-strain relationship. It was found that specimen with symmetrically arranged thread rods sustained more stable axial strain than that with staggered arranged threaded rods. Meanwhile, vertical plates are more suitable for practical use since they provide stronger confinement to profiled steel plate and effectively prevent the steel plate from early local buckling, which eventually enhance the composite action and increase the axial compressive capacity of the wall. The calculation methods were then proposed and good agreement was observed between the test results and the predicted results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2022

This paper presents a finite element model for predicting the monotonic behaviour of bolted endplate joints connecting steel-concrete composite walls and steel beams. The demountable Hollo-bolts are utilised to facilitate the quick installation and dismantling for replacement and reuse. In the developed model, material and geometric nonlinearities were included. The accuracy of the developed model was assessed by comparing the numerical results with previous experimental tests on hollow/composite column-to-steel beam joints that incorporated endplates and Hollo-bolts. In particular, the Hollo-bolts were modelled with the expanded sleeves involved, and different material properties of the Hollo-bolt shank and sleeves were considered based on the information provided by the manufacture. The developed models, therefore, can be applied in the present study to simulate the wall-to-beam joints with similar structural components and characteristics. Based on the validated model, the authors herein compared the behaviour of wall-to-beam joints of two commonly utilised composite walling systems (Case 1: flat steel plates with headed studs; Case 2: lipped channel section with partition plates). Considering the ease of manufacturing, onsite erection and the pertinent costs, composite walling system with flat steel plates and conventional headed studs (Case 1) was the focus of present study. Specifically, additional headed studs were pre-welded inside the front wall plates to enhance the joint performance. On this basis, a series of parametric studies were conducted to assess the influences of five design parameters on the behaviour of bolted endplate wall-to-beam joints. The initial stiffness, plastic moment capacity, as well as the rotational capacity of the composite wall-to-beam joints based on the numerical analysis were further compared with the current design provision.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of composition of underground structural wall and H-pile in soil cement. The results of previous experimental studies are re-analyzed and the nonlinear cross-sectional analyses of composite basement walls are performed to verify their nonlinear flexural behavior. Based on the study, it is explained how the gap deformation between H-Pile and RC wall should be considered in the design of flexure of composite underground walls. The nonlinear cross-sectional analysis shows that the load-displacement curves of composite basement wall specimens exhibiting flexural behavior exist between the results of the analysis of the complete and non-composite cases. When predicting the behavior of the composite basement wall by nonlinear cross-sectional analysis, the flexural behavior of the composite basement wall could be suitably predicted by considering the reduction of the composite ratio due to tensile stress acting on shear connectors.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2008

이중강판합성벽은 타이바로 연결된 강판외피 사이에 콘크리트를 충전시킨 구조벽으로서, 벽체의 구조성능을 향상시키고, 벽체의 두께를 줄이며, 별도의 거푸집 및 배근 공사없이 시공성을 향상시키기 위하여 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 주기하중을 받는 이중강판합성벽의 비탄성거동특성 및 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여, 직사각형 및 T형 단면형상을 갖는 단일벽 및 병렬벽 실험체에 대하여 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 이중강판합성벽은 주기하중에 대하여 핀칭이 없이 우수한 에너지소산능력을 나타냈다. 벽체하단부 기초의 접합상세와 단면형상에 따라 파괴모드 및 변형능력의 차이를 보였으며, 주로 벽체기초 또는 연결보 용접부의 파단과 강판국부좌굴에 의하여 파괴되었다. 적절한 용접 및 보강 상세를 갖는 실험체들은 2.0~3.7% 층간변형각의 변형능력을 보였다. 또한 벽체와 연결보의 비탄성강도를 고려하여 단일벽 및 병렬벽 실험체의 하중재하능력을 평가하였으며, 이를 실험결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
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• pp.83-84
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• 2009

본 연구는 비내진상세를 갖는 구조물의 내진보강을 위한 끼움벽을 개발하고 변형경화형 시멘트 복합체 사용에 따른 손상정도를 평가하는데 목적이 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.783-794
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• 2020

Steel-concrete-steel sandwich composite wall is composed of two external steel plates and infilled concrete core. Internal mechanical connectors are used to enhance the composite action between the two materials. In this paper, the compressive behavior of a novel sandwich composite wall was studied. The steel trusses were applied to connect the steel plates to the concrete core. Three short specimens with different truss spacings were tested under compressive loading. The boundary columns were not included. It was found that the failure of walls started from the buckling of steel plates and followed by the crushing of concrete. Global instability was not observed. It was also observed that the truss spacing has great influence on ultimate strength, buckling stress, ductility, strength index, lateral deflection, and strain distribution. Three modern codes were introduced to calculate the capacity of walls. The comparisons between test results and code predictions show that AISC 360 provides significant underestimations while Eurocode 4 and CECS 159 offer overestimated predictions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2020

Sandwich composite wall consists of concrete core attached by two external steel faceplates. It combines the advantage of steel and concrete. The appropriate composite action between steel faceplate and concrete core is achieved by using adequate mechanical connectors. This research studied the compressive behavior of the sandwich composite walls using steel trusses to bond the steel faceplates to concrete infill. Four short specimens with different wall width and thickness of steel faceplate were designed and tested under axial compression. The test results were comprehensively evaluated in terms of failure modes, load versus axial and lateral deformation responses, resistance, stiffness, ductility, strength index, and strain distribution. The test results showed that all specimens exhibited high resistance and good ductility. Truss connectors offer better restraint to walls with thinner faceplates and smaller wall width. In addition, increasing faceplate thickness is more effective in improving the ultimate resistance and axial stiffness of the wall.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.329-340
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• 2001

Cyclic response of "shear" connections between steel outrigger beams and reinforced concrete core walls is presented in this paper. The connections investigated in this paper consisted of a shear tab welded onto a plate that was connected to the core walls through multiple headed studs. The experimental data from six specimens point to a capacity larger than the design value. However, the mode of failure was through pullout of the embedded plate, or fracture of the weld between the studs and plate. Such brittle modes of failure need to be avoided through proper design. A capacity design method based on dissipating the input energy through yielding and fracture of the shear tab was developed. This approach requires a good understanding of the expected capacity of headed studs under combined gravity shear and cyclic axial load (tension and compression). A model was developed and verified against test results from six specimens. A specimen designed based on the proposed design methodology performed very well, and the connection did not fail until shear tab fractured after extensive yielding. The proposed design method is recommended for design of outrigger beam-wall connections.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.599-614
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• 2022

One of the methods of stabilizing retaining walls, embankments, and deep excavations is the implementation of plate anchors (like the Geolock wall anchor systems). Back-to-back Mechanically Stabilized Earth (BBMSE) walls are common stabilized earth structures that can be used for bridge ramps. But so far, the analysis of the interactive behavior of two back-to-back anchored walls (BBAW) by double-plates anchors (constructed closely from each other and subjected to the limited-breadth vertical loading) including interference of their failure and sliding surfaces has not been the subject of comprehensive studies. Indeed, in this compound system, the interaction of sliding wedges of these two back-to-back walls considering the shear failure wedge of the foundation, significantly impresses on the foundation bearing capacity, adjacent walls displacements and deformations, and their stability. In this study, the effect of horizontal distance between two walls (W), breadth of loading plate (B), and position of vertical loading was investigated experimentally. In addition, the comparison of using single and equivalent double-plate anchors was evaluated. The loading plate bearing capacity and displacements, and deformations of BBAW were measured and the results are presented. To evaluate the shape, form, and how the critical failure surfaces of the soil behind the walls and beneath the foundation intersect with one another, the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique was applied. The experimental tests results showed that in this composite system (two adjacent-loaded BBAW) the effective distance of walls is about W = 2.5*H (H: height of walls) and the foundation effective breadth is about B = H, concerning foundation bearing capacity, walls horizontal displacements and their deformations. For more amounts of W and B, the foundation and walls can be designed and analyzed individually. Besides, in this compound system, the foundation bearing capacity is an exponential function of the System Geometry Variable (SGV) whereas walls displacements are a quadratic function of it. Finally, as an important achievement, doubling the plates of anchors can facilitate using concrete walls, which have limitations in tolerating curvature.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2018

This paper studies shear and tensile behaviors of headed stud connectors in double skin composite (DSC) structure. Firstly, 11 push-out tests and 11 tensile tests were performed to investigate the ultimate shear and tensile behaviors of headed stud in DSC shear wall, respectively. The main parameters investigated in this test program were height and layout of headed stud connectors. The test results reported the representative failure modes of headed studs in DSC structures subjected to shear and tension. The shear-slip and tension-elongation behaviors of headed studs in DSC structures were also reported. Influences of different parameters on these shear-slip and tension-elongation behaviors of headed studs were discussed and analyzed. Analytical models were also developed to predict the ultimate shear and tensile resistances of headed stud connectors in DSC shear walls. The developed analytical model incorporated the influence of the dense layout of headed studs in DSC shear walls. The validations of analytical predictions against 22 test results confirmed the accuracy of developed analytical models.