• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.659-676
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• 2005

The novel form of composite walling system consists of two skins of profiled steel sheeting with an in-fill of concrete. The behaviour of such walling under in-plane shear is important in order to utilise this system as shear elements in a steel framed building. Steel sheet-concrete interface governs composite action, overall behaviour and failure modes of such walls. This paper describes the finite element (FE) modelling of the shear behaviour of walls with particular emphasis on the simulation of steel-concrete interface. The modelling of complex non-linear steel-concrete interaction in composite walls is conducted by using different FE models. Four FE models are developed and characterized by their approaches to simulate steel-concrete interface behaviour allowing either full or partial composite action. Non-linear interface or joint elements are introduced between steel and concrete to simulate partial composite action that allows steel-concrete in-plane slip or out of plane separation. The properties of such interface/joint elements are optimised through extensive parametric FE analysis using experimental results to achieve reliable and accurate simulation of actual steel-concrete interaction in a wall. The performance of developed FE models is validated through small-scale model tests. FE models are found to simulate strength, stiffness and strain characteristics reasonably well. The performance of a model with joint elements connecting steel and concrete layers is found better than full composite (without interface or joint elements) and other models with interface elements. The proposed FE model can be used to simulate the shear behaviour of composite walls in practical situation.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop a new seismic resistant method by using precast concrete wall panels for existing low-rise, reinforced concrete beam-column buildings such as school buildings. Three quasi-static hysteresis loading tests were experimentally performed on one unreinforced beam-column specimen and two reinforced specimens with L-type precast wall panels. The results were analyzed to find that the specimen with anchored connection experienced shear failure, while the other specimen with steel plate connection principally manifested flexural failure. The ultimate strength of the specimens was determined to be the weaker of the shear strength of top connection and flexural strength at the critical section of precast panel. In this setup of L-type panel specimens, if a push loading is applied to the reinforced concrete column on one side and push the precast concrete panel, a pull loading from upper shear connection is to be applied to the other side of the top shear connection of precast panel. Since the composite flexural behavior of the two members govern the total behavior during the push loading process, the ultimate horizontal resistance of this specimen was not directly influenced by shear strength at the top connection of precast panel. However, the RC column and PC wall panel member mainly exhibited non-composite behavior during the pull loading process. The ultimate horizontal resistance was directly influenced by the shear strength of top connection because the pull loading from the beam applied directly to the upper shear connection. The analytical result for the internal shear resistance at the connection pursuant to the anchor shear design of ACI 318M-11 Appendix-D except for the equation to predict the concrete breakout failure strength at the concrete side, principally agreed with the experimental result based on the elastic analysis of Midas-Zen by using the largest loading from experiment.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of composition of underground structural wall and H-pile in soil cement. The results of previous experimental studies are re-analyzed and the nonlinear cross-sectional analyses of composite basement walls are performed to verify their nonlinear flexural behavior. Based on the study, it is explained how the gap deformation between H-Pile and RC wall should be considered in the design of flexure of composite underground walls. The nonlinear cross-sectional analysis shows that the load-displacement curves of composite basement wall specimens exhibiting flexural behavior exist between the results of the analysis of the complete and non-composite cases. When predicting the behavior of the composite basement wall by nonlinear cross-sectional analysis, the flexural behavior of the composite basement wall could be suitably predicted by considering the reduction of the composite ratio due to tensile stress acting on shear connectors.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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• pp.513-518
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• 1998

In Half Precast Concrete Method, such as composite slab and composite wall, Interface between half PC plate and cast-in-place concrete is occurred. And this interface endure lastly in-plane shear which is occurred by external force. Therefore, test was executed to study in-plane shear strength of interface between half PC plate and cast-in-place concrete. In this test, Experimental parameters are finishing condition of the interface, cohesion of concrete, existence and nonexistence of re-bar truss, and angle and direction of lattice of re-bar truss. Comparing and analyzing experimental results, conclusions are obtained as follows. (1) In-plane shear strength of wide interface in composite plate is more affected by the roughness of interface than re-bar truss. And cohesion of concrete contribute to increasing in-plane shear strength. Therefore it seems that the interface should be roughen and kept clean to improve in-plane shear strength. (2) It seems that shear friction equation in ACI code can be sagely available for design of in-plane shear of composite plate.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.463-476
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• 2021

The concept of using Steel-concrete (SC) composite walls as retaining walls has recently been introduced by the authors and their effectiveness of resisting out-of-plane loads has also been demonstrated. In this paper, an improved analytical formulation based on partial interaction theory, which has previously been developed by the authors, is presented. The improved formulation considers a new loading condition and also accounts for cracking in concrete to simulate the real conditions. Due to a limited number of test specimens, further finite element (FE)simulations are performed in order to verify the analytical procedure in more detail. It is observed that the results from the improved analytical procedure are in excellent agreement with both experimental and numerical results. Moreover, a detailed parametric study is conducted using the developed FE model to investigate effects of different parameters, such as distance between shear connectors, shear connector length, concrete strength, steel plate thickness, concrete cover thickness, wall's width to thickness ratio, and wall's height to thickness ratio, on the behavior of SC composite walls subjected to out-of-plane loads.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.531-541
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 합성형 PHC 벽체파일의 CT형강 전단연결재가 벽체파일과 하부 슬래브와의 연결부에서 인장력에 저항하는 앵커의 성능을 갖는지 직접 인발실험을 통해 분석하였다. 다양한 실물 크기 실험체들의 파괴형상과 하중-변위 곡선으로부터 CT형강의 인발파괴를 방지하기 위해서는 CT형강 복부 홀에 관통철근을 배치하여 강도를 증가시켜야 함을 알 수 있다. 관통철근이 설치된 다양한 단면의 실험체들을 대상으로 지지점 거리를 변화시켜 파괴형상과 극한강도를 분석한 결과, CT형강의 인발파괴 전에 벽체파일 자체의 콘크리트 인장파괴가 모든 실험체에서 발생하므로 적용된 CT형강 전단연결재는 벽체파일과 하부 슬래브 연결부의 발생 인장력에 대해 충분히 저항할 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.591-609
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• 2023

In some buildings, the lateral structural response of steel framed buildings depends on the shear walls and it is very important to study the behavior of these elements under near-field seismic loads. The link beam in the opening of the shear wall between two wall plates is investigated numerically in terms of behavior and effects on frames. Based on the length of the beam and its bending and shear behavior, three types of models are constructed and analyzed, and the behavior of the frames is also compared. The results show that by reducing the length of the link beam, the base shear forces reduce about 20%. The changes in the length of the link beam have different effects on the degree of coupling. Increasing the length of the link beam increases the base shear about 15%. Also, it has both, a positive and a negative effect on the degree of coupling. The increasing strength of the coupling steel shear wall is linearly related to the yield stress of the beam materials, length, and flexural stiffness of the beam. The use of a shorter link beam will increase the additional strength and consequently improving the behavior of the coupling steel shear wall by reducing the stresses in this element. The link beam with large moment of inertia will also increase about 25% the additional strength and as a result the coefficient of behavior of the shear wall.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2015

This study aims at developing a new seismic resistant method by using precast concrete wall panels for existing low-rise, reinforced concrete beam-column buildings such as school buildings. Three quasi-static hysteresis loading tests were performed on one unreinforced beam-column specimen and two reinforced specimens with U-type precast wall panels. Top shear connection of the PC panel was required to show the composite strength of RC column and PC wall panel. However, the strength of the connection did not influence directly on the ultimate loading capacities of the specimens in the positive loading because the loaded RC column push the side of PC wall panel and it moved horizontally before the shear connector receive the concentrated shear force in the positive loading process. Under the positive loading sequence(push loading), the reinforced concrete column and PC panel showed flexural strength which is larger than 97% of the composite section because of the rigid binding at the top of precast panel. Similar load-deformation relationship and ultimated horizontal load capacities were shown in the test of PR1-LA and PR1-LP specimens because they have same section dimension and detail at the flexural critical section. An average of 4.7 times increase in the positive maximum loading(average 967kN) and 2.7 times increase in the negative maximum loading(average 592.5kN) had resulted from the test of seismic resistant specimens with anchored and welded steel plate connections than that of unreinforced beam-column specimen. The maximum drift ratios were also shown between 1.0% and 1.4%.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.915-935
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• 2016

Steel systems composed of Reinforced Concrete column to Steel beam connection (RCS) have been raised as a structural system in the past few years. The optimized combination of steel-concrete structural elements has the advantages of both systems. Through beam and through column connections are two main categories in RCS systems. This study includes finite-element analyses of mentioned connection to investigate the seismic performance of RCS connections. The finite element model using ABAQUS software has been verified with experimental results of a through beam type connection tested in Taiwan in 2005. According to verified finite element model a parametric study has been carried out on five RCS frames with different types of lateral restraint system. The main objective of this study is to investigate the forming of plastic hinges, distribution of stresses, ductility and stiffness of these models. The results of current research showed good performance of composite systems including concrete column-steel beam in combination with steel shear wall and bracing system, are very desirable. The results show that the linear stiffness of models with X bracing and steel shear wall increase remarkably and their ultimate strength increase about three times rather than other RCS frames.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.573-581
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 무지주 지하합성벽에서 흙막이용 H-말뚝과 콘크리트 벽체의 전단성능을 구명하고 특히 전단 연결재를 폼타이로 대체하였을 경우의 폼타이 직경에 따른 전단성능 평가와 폼타이의 배치 방법에 따른 전단성능을 평가할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고 있다. 지하합성벽의 전단성능을 평가하고자 폼타이의 직경, 배치 방법, 전단연결재를 폼타이로 대체하였을 경우를 주요변수로 선정하여 6개의 실험체를 제작하였다. 폼타이의 직경에 따라서는 전단성능이 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 폼타이 배치에 따라서는 거의 유사한 전단성능을 발휘하였으며, 전단연결재를 폼타이로 대체한 경우에서는 전단성능이 10% 정도 크게 나타나 무지주 지하옹벽에 적용가능한 것으로 판단된다. ACI 349-06과 PCI, ACI 318-05, AISC 360-05에서 제시하고 있는 식으로 계산한 결과와 실험 결과를 비교하였을 경우 전단연결재의 전단 강도를 ASIC 식이 가장 유사하게 나타내고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 또한 콘크리트와 철골부재의 접합면에 생기는 마찰력에 추후 연구를 통한 전단내력을 평가할 경우 지하합성벽의 전단내력을 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.