• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2024

The paper delves into an emerging paradigm shift in architectural design, focusing on the development of a cutting-edge methodological framework for the artistic enhancement of nanocomposite brick facades in building construction. This innovative approach represents a fusion of art and science, harnessing the potential of advanced nanotechnology to redefine the aesthetic and functional properties of building exteriors. Central to this new methodology is the integration of state-of-the-art materials and fabrication techniques, aimed at not only elevating the visual appeal of architectural structures but also enhancing their structural robustness and environmental sustainability. By leveraging the unique characteristics of nanocomposite materials, the proposed method opens up new possibilities for pushing the boundaries of traditional brick facade design. Through a meticulous exploration of the intricacies involved in implementing this novel approach, the paper elucidates the transformative impact it can have on the architectural landscape. By marrying creativity with technical precision, the method environment for art design of nanocomposite brick facades promises to usher in a new era of sustainable, visually captivating, and structurally resilient building facades that are poised to redefine the very essence of architectural aesthetics.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2008

The research and development in soundproof materials for preventing noise have attracted great attention due to their social impact. Noise insulation materials are especially important in the field of soundproofing. Since the insulation ability of most materials follows a mass rule, the heavy weight materials like concrete, lead and steel board are mainly used in the current noise insulation materials. To overcome some weak points in these materials, fiber reinforced composite materials with lightweight and other high performance characteristics are now being used. In this paper, innovative insulation sheet materials with carbon and/or glass fabrics and nano-silica hybrid PU resin are developed. The parameters related to sound performance, such as materials and fabric texture in base fabric, hybrid method of resin, size of silica particle and so on, are investigated. At the same time, the wave analysis code (PZFlex) is used to simulate some of experimental results. As a result, it is found that both bundle density and fabric texture in the base fabrics play an important role on the soundproof performance. Compared with the effect of base fabrics, the transmission loss in sheet materials increased more than 10 dB even though the thickness of the sample was only about 0.7 mm. The results show different values of transmission loss factor when the diameters of silica particles in coating materials changed. It is understood that the effect of the soundproof performance is different due to the change of hybrid method and the size of silica particles. Fillers occupying appropriate positions and with optimum size may achieve a better effect in soundproof performance. The effect of the particle content on the soundproof performance is confirmed, but there is a limit for the addition of the fillers. The optimization of silica content for the improvement of the sound insulation effect is important. It is observed that nano-particles will have better effect on the high soundproof performance. The sound insulation effect has been understood through a comparison between the experimental and analytical results. It is confirmed that the time-domain finite wave analysis (PZFlex) is effective for the prediction and design of soundproof performance materials. Both experimental and analytical results indicate that the developed materials have advantages in lightweight, flexibility, other mechanical properties and excellent soundproof performance.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.267-276
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• 2023

The main purpose of the current research is to develop an efficient two variables trigonometric shear deformation beam theory to investigate the buckling behavior of symmetric and non-symmetric functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beam resting on an elastic foundation with various boundary conditions. The proposed theory obviates the use to shear correction factors as it satisfies the parabolic variation of through-thickness shear stress distribution. The composite beam is made of a polymeric matrix reinforced by aligned and distributed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the FG-CNTRC beam are estimated by using the rule of mixture. The governing equilibrium equations are solved by using new analytical solutions based on the Galerkin method. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed analytical model are demonstrated by comparing its results with those available by other researchers in the existing literature. Moreover, a comprehensive parametric study is presented and discussed in detail to show the effects of CNTs volume fraction, distribution patterns of CNTs, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratio, and spring constant factors on the buckling response of FG-CNTRC beam. Some new referential results are reported for the first time, which will serve as a benchmark for future research.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

이 연구는 기존에 연구에 의하여 개발된 고인성 섬유복합 모르타르에 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하여 연성과 강도 측면에서 보다 개선된 재료를 개발함에 목적이 있으며 이를 위해 고로슬래그미분말이 혼입한 배합에 대하여 섬유-모르타르 경계면의 마이크로역학(micromechanics)적 특성과 모르타르 매트릭스의 파괴역학(fracture mechanics)적 특성을 파악하였다. 고로슬래그미분말이 혼입된 배합의 경우에는 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하지 않은 경우와 비교하여 화학적 부착은 큰 변화가 없지만 마찰부착은 10% 정도 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편 모르타르트의 쐐기쪼갬실험을 통해 결정된 매트릭스의 파괴인성은 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하지 않은 경우보다 파괴인성이 약간 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 결정된 섬유-매트릭스 경계면의 마이크로역학적 특성과 모르타르의 파괴역학적 특성을 이용하여 안정상태 균열이론(steady-state cracking theory)을 배경으로 1축인장 하에서 인장변형률 경화거동을 하는 고인성 섬유복합 모르타르의 기본배합과 물-결합재비의 범위를 선정하였다. 개발된 재료는 1축 인장 하에서 변형률 경화 거동을 나타내었으며 변형률은 3.6%, 인장강도는 약 5.3MPa를 나타냈으며 이는 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입하지 않은 섬유복합 모르타르보다 뛰어난 인장 변형 성능과 놀은 인장 강도이다. 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입할 경우 마찰부착과 파괴인성이 증가하는 효과는 안정상태의 균열이론을 만족시키는 데에 오히려 장해 요인이 된다. 그러나 결과적으로는 이러한 단점을 극복하고 오히려 우수한 인장변형 성능을 나타내었다. 즉, 변형률 경화 거동으로 표현되는 높은 연성에는 악영향을 주지 않으면서 매트릭스의 강도를 향상시키는 효과를 나타낸 것이다. 이러한 우수한 수준의 성능을 보인 이유는 고로슬래그미분말을 혼입함으로써 유동성과 섬유의 분산성이 크게 증진되었기 때문인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2013

폴리비닐알코올 섬유와 폴리에틸렌 섬유 등의 합성 섬유는 고연성 섬유보강 시멘트 복합재료를 제조하는데 성공적으로 사용되고 있다. 폴리프로필렌 섬유 역시 복합재료를 제조하는데 사용되고 있지만, 고연성을 구현하는 목적보다는 고온에 노출된 콘크리트의 내화 성능 향상 목적으로 사용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 폴리프로필렌 섬유로 보강된 시멘트 복합재료의 성능을 향상시키는 방법에 대하여 논하고자 한다. 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강 시멘트 복합재료의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 5가지 배합을 결정하였다. 1종 보통포틀랜드시멘트 (OPC)와 OPC를 다량 치환한 플라이애시를 결합재로 사용하였고 물-결합재 비는 0.23~0.25이다. 또한 부피비로 2%의 폴리프로필렌 섬유가 사용되었으며, 연성을 향상시킬 목적으로 폴리스틸렌 비드가 사용되었다. 슬럼프, 밀도, 압축강도, 1축 인장 실험을 포함한 일련의 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과, 파괴역학, 마이크로역학, 통계이론을 이용하여 폴리프로필렌 섬유보강 시멘트 복합재료의 성능을 향상할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1057-1068
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• 2014

2개의 상으로 구성된 입자 강화 복합재에 대한 균질화와 내부 상태 변수에 대해 2차 미분항이 포함된 비구역적 이론을 적용하여 탄소성 구성 방정식을 제안하였다. 열역학과 소성 포텐셜을 통해 내부 상태 변수에 대한 전개식 또한 본 논문에 포함되었다. 연속체 결함 모델을 이용, 결함 인자에 따른 물성 저하 현상도 감안되었으며 이중 후방응력이 조합된 전개식 또한 제시하였다. 일부 예에 대한 수치해석 결과, 비구역적 변수의 영향이 증가할수록 전단밴드는 감소하나 반면 특정 후방응력 전개가 지배적일수록 소성변형 집중이 증가함이 관찰되었다. 더욱이 두 개의 강소성 상으로 이루어진 복합재의 경우 강성이 높은 게재물의 비중이 증가함에 따라 전단밴드 형성이 용이한 것으로 나타났다. 그 밖에 제어변수들의 변화에 따른 전단밴드 형성에 대한 분석 결과는 Rice 소성 불안정성 분석결과와 잘 일치함 또한 밝혀졌다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 1998

ZnO와 $SnO_2$에$ TiO_2$를 첨가시킨 $ZnO-TiO_2$와$SnO_2$-$TiO_2$세라믹 복합체를 제작하여 1000ppm 일산화탄소에 대한 감응특성을 조사하였다. 상분석을 위해서 X-선 회절 분석을 하였고, 전자 주사 현미경을 이용해서 시편 파단면의 미세구조를 관찰했다. 일산화탄소 감도는 건조공기 분위기에서 측정한 저항($R_{dry air}$ )과 1000ppm 일산화탄소 분위기에서의 저항($R_{co}$ )을 측정하여 각각의 저항값의 비로 정의하였다. $TiO_{2}$첨가에 의한 ZnO의 일산화탄소 감도의 변화는 ZT5의 경우 최대 감도가 약 1.7배 감소하였고, $TiO _{2}$첨가에 의한 $SnO_{2}$의 일산화탄소 최대 감도는 약 2.5배 증가함으로써 비교적 $ZnO-TiO_2$배 증가함으로써 비교적 $ZnO-TiO_2$배 증가함으로써 비교적 $ZnO-TiO_2$복합체 보다는 $SnO_2$- $TiO_2$복합체의 일산화탄소 감응특성이 우수했다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2021

Recently, the demand for atypical structures with functions and sculptural beauty is increasing in the construction industry. Existing mold-based structure production methods have many advantages, but building complex atypical structures represents limitations due to the cost and technical characteristics. Production methods using molding are suitable for mass production systems, but production cost, construction period, construction cost, and environmental pollution can occur in small quantity batch production. The recent trend in the construction industry calls for new construction methods of customized small quantity batch production methods that can produce various types of sophisticated structures. In addition to the economic effects of developing related technologies of 3D Concrete Printers (3DCP), it can enhance national image through the image of future technology, the international status of the construction civil engineering industry, self-reliance, and technology export. Until now, 3DCP technology has been carried out in producing and utilizing residential houses, structures, etc., on land or manufacturing on land and installing them underwater. The final purpose of this research project is to produce marine structures by directly printing various marine structures underwater with 3DCP equipment. Compared to current underwater structure construction techniques, constructing structures directly underwater using 3DCP equipment has the following advantages: 1) cost reduction effects: 2) reduction of construct time, 3) ease of manufacturing amorphous underwater structures, 4) disaster prevention effects. The core element technology of the 3DCP equipment is to extrude the transferred composite materials at a constant quantitative speed and control the printing flow of the materials smoothly while printing the output. In this study, the extruding module of the 3DCP equipment operates underwater while developing an extruding module that can control the printing flow of the material while extruding it at a constant quantitative speed and minimizing the external force that can occur during underwater printing. The research on the development of 3DCP equipment for printing concrete structures underwater and the preliminary experiment of printing concrete structures using high viscosity low-flow concrete composite materials is explained.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.611-633
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• 2024

This study intends to investigate the response of multi-cell (MC) beams to flexural loads in which the primary reinforcement is composed of both metallic and non-metallic materials. "Multi-cell" describes beam sections with multiple longitudinal voids separated by thin webs. Seven reinforced concrete MC beams measuring 300×200×1800 mm were tested under flexural loadings until failure. Two series of beams are formed, depending on the type of main reinforcement that is being used. A control RC beam with no openings and six MC beams are found in these two series. Series one and two are reinforced with metallic and non-metallic main reinforcement, respectively, in order to maintain a constant reinforcement ratio. The first crack, ultimate load, deflection, ductility index, energy absorption, strain characteristics, crack pattern, and failure mode were among the structural parameters of the beams under investigation that were documented. The primary variables that vary are the kind of reinforcing materials that are utilized, as well as the kind and quantity of mesh layers. The outcomes of this study that looked at the experimental and numerical performance of ferrocement reinforced concrete MC beams are presented in this article. Nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) was performed with ANSYS-16.0 software to demonstrate the behavior of composite MC beams with holes. A parametric study is also carried out to investigate the factors, such as opening size, that can most strongly affect the mechanical behavior of the suggested model. The experimental and numerical results obtained demonstrate that the FE simulations generated an acceptable degree of experimental value estimation. It's also important to demonstrate that, when compared to the control beam, the MC beam reinforced with geogrid mesh (MCGB) decreases its strength capacity by a maximum of 73.33%. In contrast, the minimum strength reduction value of 16.71% is observed in the MC beams reinforced with carbon reinforcing bars (MCCR). The findings of the experiments on MC beams with openings demonstrate that the presence of openings has a significant impact on the behavior of the beams, as there is a decrease in both the ultimate load and maximum deflection.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.326-330
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• 2004

Thermosetting matrix composites have disadvantages in terms of moulding time, repairability and manufacturing cost. Thus the high-performance thermoplastic composites to eliminate such disadvantages have been developed so far. As a result of environmental and economical concerns, there is a growing interest in the use of thermoplastic composites. However, since their mechanical properties are very sensitive to the environment such as moisture, temperature etc., those behaviors need to be studied. Particularly the temperature is a very important factor influencing the mechanical behavior of thermoplastic composites. The effect of temperature have not yet been fully quantified. Since engineering applications of reinforced composites necessitate their fracture mechanics characterization, work is in progress to investigate the fracture and related failure behavior. An approach which predicts the tensile strength was perpormed in the tensile test. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of temperature on the result of tensile test with respect to GF/PE composite. The tensile strength and failure mechanisms of GF/PE composites were investigated in the temperature range $60^{\circ}C\;to\;-50^{\circ}C$. The tensile strength increased as the fiber volume fraction ratio increased. The tensile strength showed the maximum at $-50^{\circ}C$, and it tended to decrease as the temperature increased from $-50^{\circ}C$. The major failure mechanisms was classified into the fiber matrix debonding, the fiber pull-out, the delamination and the matrix deformation.