• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.513-523
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• 1993

Varietal difference in structural and physical characteristics of rice starch and interrelationships between these starch properties and the physicochemical components of rice grains were investigated for twenty four rice varieties, which were considerably different in amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency, to obtain the basic informations for diversifying the utility of rice grains and for developing various rice cultivars adaptable to rice food processing. Wave length of maximum absorbance for blue color reaction of starch-I$_2$ complex was 520nm for glutinous rice and 560～600nm for nonglutinous rice. The higher amylose rice showed the longer wave length but there was considerable difference of the wave length among rice materials with similar amylose content. Varietal difference in frequency distribution of debranched starch molecules by isoamylase hydrolysis was largest in amylose fraction, the longest fraction(Fr. I), and was next bigger in intermediate fraction(Int.Fr.) and the ratio between short and long glucose chain of amylopectin fraction(Fr. III /Fr. II). The Fr. III / Fr II ratio was higher in glutinous rice than in nonglutinous one but it was considerably different among nonglutinous rice varieties without any connection with amylose content. The lower alkali digestible rice showed the longer half-hydrolysis time in acid solution. Both soft and hard gel rice varieties in gel consistency test revealed significant varietal difference of 50% acid hydrolysis time. The harder rice in gel consistency exhibited the less frequency of short branch fraction of amylopectin (Fr. III) and the higher amylose content. Twenty four rice varieties were cleary classified by upper two principal components contracted from structural or physical traits of rice starch and some physicochemical properties of rice grain by principal component analysis. The 1st and 2nd principal components can be characterized to components related with amylose and amylopectin structure respectively.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2022

Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) is a prominent technique for the separation of heavy metal ions from wastewater due to the fast extraction and is a single-stage operation of stripping-extraction. The selection of the components (Surfactant and Carrier) of ELM is a very significant step for its preparation. In the ELM technique, the primary water- in-oil (W/O) emulsion is emulsified in water to produce water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion. The water in oil emulsion was prepared by mixing the membrane phase and internal phase. To prepare the membrane phase, the extractant D2EHPA (di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid) was used as a mobile carrier, Span-80 as a surfactant, and Paraffin as a diluent. Moreover, the internal (receiving) phase was prepared by dissolving sulphuric acid in water. Di-(2- ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid such as surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, sulphuric acid concentration in the receiving (internal) phase, agitation time (emulsion phase and feed phase), the volume ratio of the membrane phase to the receiving phase, the volume ratio of the external feed phase to the primary water-in-oil emulsion and pH of feed were studied on the percentage extraction of metal ions at 20℃. The results show that it is possible to remove 78% for As(V), 98% for Cd(II), and 99% for Pb(II). Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) is a well-known technique for separating heavy metal ions from wastewater due to the fast extraction and is a single-stage operation of stripping-extraction. The selection of ELM components (Surfactant and Carrier) is a very significant step in its preparation. In the ELM technique, the primary water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion is emulsified to produce water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion. The water in the oil emulsion was prepared by mixing the membrane and internal phases. The extractant D2EHPA (di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid) was used as a mobile carrier, Span-80 as a surfactant, and Paraffin as a diluent. Moreover, the internal (receiving) phase was prepared by dissolving sulphuric acid in water. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid such as surfactant concentration, carrier concentration, sulphuric acid concentration in the receiving (internal) phase, agitation time (emulsion phase and feed phase), the volume ratio of the membrane phase to the receiving phase, the volume ratio of the external feed phase to the primary water-in-oil emulsion and pH of feed were studied on the percentage extraction of metal ions at 20℃. The results show that it is possible to remove 78% for As(V), 98% for Cd(II), and 99% for Pb(II).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.3 s.87
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• pp.346-353
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• 2005

CThis study used HPLC to analyze the contents of 7 kinds of catechins, 4 kinds of theaflavins, and 2 kinds of methylxanthines in the following 6 kinds of commercial Korean tea: 2 green, 2 black, 1 jasmine and loolong. The following ranges in the 13 tea components of the 6 samples by ethanol extract were evaluated in mg/g: (-)-epigallocatechin, 0(black tea and jasmine tea) to 14.19(green tea); (-)-catechin 0; (+)-epicatechin, 0.62(bran rice-green tea) to 2.91(black tea); (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, 4.59(black tea) to 43.96(jasmine tea); (-)-gallocatechin gallate, 0.58(black tea) to 5.80(jasmine tea); (-)-epicatechin gallate, 5.63(bran rice-ueen tea) to 48.06(jasmine tea): (-)-catechin gallate, 0.26(black tea): theaflavif 0 to 3.66(black tea): theaflavin-3-gallate, 0 to 6.94(black tea): theaflavin-3'-gallate, 0 to 4.01(black tea); theaflavin-3,3-digallte, 0 to 10.25(black tea); caffeine, 4.60(bran rice-peen tea) to 26.44(black tea); and theobromine, 0.10(bran rice-green tea) to 1.81(jasmine tea). The contents of all components were lower by water extract than by ethanol extract. Therefore, total catechin (100.55, 45.88 mg/g) and theobromine (1.81, 0.86 mg/g) contents in jasmine tea, and theaflavin content (24.88, 1.36 mg/g) in black tea by ethanol and water extract were the highest. Caffeine content was the highest in black tea(96.48 mg/g) for the ethanol extract, and in jasmine tea (12.38 mg/g) for the water extract.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2006

This study was designed to observe the effects of Korean mistletoe(Viscum album L. var. coloratum Ohwi) hot-water extract administration on the improvement on the lipid components, apolipoprotein and blood pressure level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, Wistar strain, male) fed the experimental diets for 33 days. Concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atheroscieotic index in serum were significantly lower in the Korean mistletoe extract administration group [group KM(Korean mistletoe 10.0 g% hot-water extract)] than those in the control group. In the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration Korean mistletoe 10.0% hot-water extract administration group were higher percentage than in the control group. However, concentrations of total cholesterol and TG in liver and brain were significantly lower in the group KM than those in the control group. But the components of apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and Apo A-II in serum were significantly higher in the KM group than in the control group. However, components of Apo C-II, Apo C-III, Apo E and ratio of Apo B to Apo A-I in serum were fairly reduced in the group KM than in the control group. The levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in KM cup than control group. From these results, Korean mistletoe hot-water extract administration were effective on the improvement of the lipid components, coronary heart disease and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. And particularly, Korean mistletoe extract administration were more effective as a therapeutic regimen for the control of blood pressure in hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2018

Pyungwi-san has been used to treat the digestive system diseases, physconia, nausea, anorexia, and dyspepsia in Korea. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was optimized for simultaneous determination of the 14 marker components, spinosin, liquiritirn apioside, liquiritin, narirutin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, hesperidin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, honokiol, atractylenolide II, magnolol, and atractylenolide I in Pyungwi-san extract. All analytes were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ analytical column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) with maintained at $45^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% (v/v) aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. The MS conditions were as follows: capillary voltage 3.3 kV, extractor voltage 3.0 V, RF lens voltage 0.3 V, source temperature $120^{\circ}C$, desolvation temperature $300^{\circ}C$, desolvation gas 600 L/h, cone gas 50 L/h and collision gas 0.14 mL/min. The coefficient of determination of 14 analytes was 0.9989-1.0000. The limits of detection and quantification values of the all analytes were 0.04-2.56 and 0.13-7.69 ng/mL, respectively. As a result of the analysis using the established LC-ESI-MS/MS method, the 5 components, spinosin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin, atractylenolide III, II, and I derived from Zizyphi Fructus and Atractylodis Rhizoma, were not detected in this extract. On the other hand, the 9 components except for the 5 components were 4.15-498.87 mg/kg in lyophilized Pyungwi-san extract. Among these components, glycyrrhizin, marker compound of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, was detected the most amount as a 498.87 mg/kg.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2004

In order to investigate the small female occupant behavior and accompanying injury mechanisms in vehicular trash event, a finite element model of $5^{th}$ percentile female has been developed. The model consists of articulated rigid body, which represents the morphology of small female body, and internal components with anatomical details. Articulated rigid body model serves as a basic platform for joining the detail internal skeletons and organs, while itself can be used for representing the overall kinematics of small female occupant. The modeling details such as anthropometry and finite element structure as well as validation results for the articulated rigid body model are introduced in this paper. The second part of the modeling, i.e. the internal components with anatomical details of small female are presented in subsequent part II of the paper.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2001

To investigate the effect of Acetobacter on qualities of potato vinegars, potato vinegars were produced through acetic acid fermentation using 3 Acetobacters such as Acetobacter sp. PA97, Acetobacter sp. PA96 and Acetobacter pasterianus JK 99. There were little difference in pH(2.90∼3.09) and total acidities(5.30∼5.60%) of 3 potato vinegars. However potato vinegar(II) fermented by Acetobacter sp. PA96 showed a little difference in color values with other potato vinegars. Except acetic acid in each potato vinegars, the contents of citric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid were high in potato vinegar(I), malic acid in potato vinegar(II) and lactic acid in potato vinegar(III). The contents of glutamic acid alanine, histidine and proline were high in all potato vinegars. The major volatile components in 3 potato vinegars were acetic acid, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-butanoic acid and phenethyl alcohol. Also composition ratio of volatile components was a little difference among 3 potato vinegars.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 1974

The stems of Aristolochia manshuriensis $K_{OMAROV}$ collected in Kang-won-do, Korea, have been shown to contain aristolochic acids I and II and debilic acid. ${\beta}-Sitosterol$ and the ester of linolic acid were isolated from the petroleum ether: ether(1 : 1) extracts of the stem by using column chromatography.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.451-457
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• 2016

For a carferry with a displacement of 1,633 tonf, a seakeeping analysis-based direct load approach (DLA) was used in Part I of these series, where the final deliverable was the long-term probabilistic acceleration components. In Part II of these series, the tangential acceleration components are explained based on two approaches: a standard called the IMO CSS code and simple formulas with the probable maximum roll and pitch rotations. The subsequent tangential acceleration-induced external force components are also introduced for these two approaches. The lashing strength components were selected from the IMO CSS code. It was assumed that two different vehicles (a car and a truck) were stowed at the most distant locations on the main deck to assume the largest tangential acceleration components and were secured with four steel wires with longitudinal and transverse lashing angles of $45^{\circ}$. Four cases were considered, with different methods for predicting the acceleration components and different tools for the external loads and lashing strengths involved: cases Rule-LS (rule-based maximum probable roll and pitch angles for predicting the acceleration components in conjunction with LashingSafety), DLA-LS (seakeeping-based long-term acceleration components with LashingSafety), CSS-LC (IMO CSS code-based acceleration components using LashCon), and CSS-LS (IMO CSS code-based acceleration components using LashingSafety). In terms of the acceleration and external force components, the CSS-LC and CSS-LS results are more than two times the results of Rule-LS. Thus, when the external forces and lashing strengths are evaluated using CSS-LC and CSS-LS, the truck needs more lashing wires, while Rule-LS and DLA-LS predict that the present lashing configuration is on the safe side.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

This paper was carried out to investigate changes in chromatograms of polysacctatides and soluble pectins on Sephadex G-50 and non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides isolated from cell wall of persimmon fruits treated with polygalacturonase and $\beta$-galactosidase in vitro. The chromatogram pattern of soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with $\beta$-galactosidase on Sephacryl S-500 column were similar to those of untreatment, but contents of soluble pectins treated with $\beta$-galactosidase were different from those of untreatment. The patterns of chromatograms In soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with polygalacturonase were more complex and lower molecular polymer than those of other cell wall-degrading enzyme treatments. Non-cellulosic neutral sugar of polysaccharides in fraction I of soluble material treated with polygalacturonase was rhamnose, those in fraction II were similar to those in fraction III and contents of arabinose, xylose and glucose were higher than contents of other non-cellulosic neutral sugars. Non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I in soluble material by $\beta$-galactosidase treatment were rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. Content of glucose of polysaccharides in fraction II was higher than that in fraction I . Non-cellulosic neutral sugars treated with mixed enzyme were rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. Compositions of non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I were similar to those in fraction II and III.