• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2018

Strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa) is a globally-cultivated and popular fruit crop, prized for its flavor and nutritional value. Sweetness, a key determinant of fruit quality, depends on the sugar composition and concentration. We selected eight strawberry cultivars based on the fruit soluble solids content to represent high and low sugar content groups. The average soluble solid content was $13.6^{\circ}Brix$ (Okmae, Geumsil, Aram, and Maehyang) and $2.9^{\circ}Brix$ (Missionary, Camino Real, Portola, and Gilgyung53), for the high and low sugar content groups, respectively. Sucrose was the main sugar in the cultivars with high sugar content, whereas fructose was the main component in the low sugar content cultivars. Fruit starch concentration ranged from $3.247{\pm}0.056$ to $3.850{\pm}0.055g/100g$, with a 12% higher concentration in the high sugar content cultivars. Additionally, we identified 41 sugar metabolism-related genes in Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa and analyzed the relationship between their transcripts and the sugar accumulation in fruit. FaGPT1, FaTMT1, FaHXK1, FaPHS1, FaINVA-3, and FacxINV2-1 were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars, while FapGlcT, FaTMT2-1, FaPHS2-1, FaSUSY1-1, and FaSUSY1-2 were highly expressed in the low sugar content cultivars. In general, a greater number of genes encoding sugar transporters or involved in sugar synthesis were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars. Contrarily, genes involved in sugar degradation were preferentially transcribed in the low sugar content cultivars. Although gene expression was not perfectly proportional to sugar content or concentration, our analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in strawberries provides a framework for further studies and for the subsequent engineering of sugar metabolism to enhance fruit quality.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2009

This study was performed to develop a nondestructive determination technology for sugar content in sweet persimmons, and the main research results included the following. In order to determine sugar content in sweet persimmons, a dual side reflex was adopted, and the study was to measure sugar content using a reflectance spectrum for 2 parts because it was difficult to determine representative sugar content due to a great deviation in sugar content according to the part of sweet persimmons. To predict sugar contents of sweet persimmon, PLSR and PCR models were compared with a few preprocess methods. As a result, PLSR had $R^2$=0.67, SEP=0.42 brix, LV=11, and PCR had $R^2$=0.65, SEP=0.41 brix, PC=16. SNV method was the best among preprocess methods for predicting sugar contents.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2001

MFGM 당단백질의 하나인 PAS-7을 GPC 및 affinity chromatography에 의해 정제하여 2-AB로 형광 표식한 후, anion-exchange column 및 reversed-phase column을 이용해 5개의 성분을 분리하였다. 그 중 가장 상대량이 많은 성분 e에 대하여 RAAM2000을 이용한 당쇄구조 해석을 실시하여, 성분 e는 RAAM2000 GPC에 의하여 4개의 성분으로 분리되어 각각 calibration standard 12.10, 8.88, 5.84 및 4.86GU의 용출위치에 검출되었다. 이 용출위치와 당쇄구조는 livrary의 component-7457과 일치하며, 12.2GU의 크기로 분자량은 1788로 판단되며 library의 당쇄와 약 85%의 확률로 일치했다. 그 결과 성분 e의 당쇄구조는 환원말단에 $\alpha$1-6결합된 fucose를 1개 함유하며, core부분의 비환원말단에 N-acetyllactosamine branch를 2개 함유한 전형적인 biantennary 당쇄구조인 것으로 추축되어, 이전 HPLC, acetolysis, sequential exoglycosidase 소화, NMR분석에 의해 보고된 성분 7N1A의 구조와 일치함으로써, OGS RAAM2000을 이용한 PAS-7의 당쇄구조 해석의 유용성이 증명되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.355-359
• /
• 2017

천연꿀과 사양꿀의 성분 특성을 알아보기 위하여 천연 아카시아꿀, 밤꿀 그리고 잡화꿀을 대상으로 하였고, 사양꿀은 사탕수수 사양꿀 그리고 사탕무 사양꿀을 시료로 분석하였다. 사양꿀은 유기용매로 추출하여 단일물질을 분리하고, 이화학 분석을 통해 트랜스-2-데센다이산으로 동정하였다. 또한 UPLC를 이용하여 천연꿀과 사양꿀에서의 트랜스-2-데센다이산 함량을 분석한 결과, 사탕수수 사양꿀과 사탕무 사양꿀은 $121{\pm}5.9$, $127{\pm}4.5mg/100g$ 확인된 반면 천연 아카시아꿀에서는 $13{\pm}0.9mg/100g$, 밤꿀은 $17{\pm}0.6mg/100g$, 그리고 잡화꿀에서는 $13{\pm}1.3mg/100g$로 사양꿀에 비하여 상대적으로 매우 적게 포함되어 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과로 보아 트랜스-2-데센다이산 성분은 사양꿀에서는 주요 성분이지만 천연꿀에서는 미량으로 존재하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 천연꿀과 사양꿀을 구분 할 수 있는 성분으로 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 1989

In orde to investigate free sugar, sugar alcohol, amino acid and mineral contents of edible mushrooms, hentinus edodes, Auricula-Jude and Coriolus Versicolor were analyzed. 1. In each of the three mushrooms, glucose, fructose, xylose, trehalose, mannose and mannitol were identified and in the hentinus edodes and Auricula-jude, the major free sugar was trehalose, respectively and increasing sequence in amount of free sugars were mannitol, mannose, fructose, glucose, on the other hand that lowest amount was Xylose. The relatively richest were glucose, fructose, trehalose, mannose, on the other hand lower amount of sample, Coriolus Versicolor were mannitol and Xylose. 2. In each of the three samples, essential amino acids were high amounts, especially good taste component, glutamic acid was higher. 3. The mineral p Contents$(925\~115mg)$ were highest and Mg was higher amount, in hentinus edodes and Auricula-jude, K, Na, Ca, Cu, Zn, etc were identified, In Coriolus versicolor, K content was highest, on the other hand, Sequence of mineral amount was Ca, Fe and Na.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.911-916
• /
• 1995

수액은 예 부터 오랜 기간 음용되어 왔으나 이들에 대한 기본적인 성분에 대해서는 아직까지 불분명한 실정이다. 본 실험에서는 가장 많이 음용되고 있는 고로 쇠나무 및 당단풍나무의 수액을 산청, 구례, 함양에서 채취하여 식품학적인 기초자료를 얻고져 수액 중 무기물, 유리당, 아미노산 및 핵산관련 물질 등을 분석하였다. 고로쇠나무 및 당단풍나무의 수액 중 고형분은 1.1~3.3%, 조단백질은 0.03~0.12%, 회분은 0.02~0.05%, pH는 6.3~6.5 범위였다. 수액 중 핵산관련 물질은 CMP, UMP, IMP, GMP, AMP 및 hypoxanthine이 검출되었다.고로쇠와 당단풍나무 모두 주된 유리당은 sucrose였고, 그외 fructose 및 glucose가 미량 검출되었다. Sucrose는 함양산 고로쇠나무 및 당단풍나무의 수액에서 그 함량이 많아 다른 지역산에 비해 각각 3.7배 및 2.2배나 높게 정량되었다.수액 중 무리물은 총 7종이 검출되었으며, 이들의 함량은 수액의 종류에 관계없이 칼슘 및 칼륨이 월등히 많았고, 다음으로 마그네슘 및 나트륨의 순이였다. 함량이 특히 많은 칼슘은 당단풍나무 수액(21.2~32.4mg/L)에 비해 고로쇠나무의 수액(99.0~153.3mg/L)에서 월등히 높게 검출되었다. 수액 중 구성아미노산은 고로쇠 수액에서는 18종, 당단풍나무의 수액에서는 15종이 검출되었고, 총 아미노산의 함량은 0.7~29.3mg/% 범위였는데, 당단풍나무의 수액 보다 고로쇠나무의 수액에서 종류도 많고 함량도 많았다. 고로쇠나무 수액 중 함량이 높은 아미노산은 taurine, serine, glutamic acid 및 aspartic acid순이었고, 특히 taurine이 다른 아미노산에 비해 월등히 높았다. 당단풍나무의 수액 역시 taurine의 함량이 가장 많았고 다른 아미노산은 0.5mg% 이하로 정량되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1991

This study attempted to set up reasonable extraction time of Omija that was put in water for the various components to soak out. Changes of free sugars, organic acids, reducing sugar, total acid and tannin in Omija with various extraction times were investigated (together with the analysis of each components in Omija fruit). 1. High Performance Liquid Chromatography showed fructose, glucose, and sucrose to be the major free sugars of the Omija fruit. Free sugars and reducing sugar value in Omija beverage increased gradually in according with the extraction time, and marked 75.6% per total free sugars and 82.1% per total reducing sugar at 12 hours. 2. Gas Chromatography showed lactic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, levulinic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid and pyroglutamic acid to be the major organic acids of the Omija fruit. Organic acids and total acids value in Omija beverage increased gradually on proportion to extraction time, and marked 97.0% per total organic acids at 9 hours and 79.0% per total acids at 12 hours. 3. Tannin content in Omija beverage was increased when extraction time was longer but it showed a low percentage as compared with the reducing sugar and total acid. Tannin content marked 48.8% per total tannin at 12 hours. 4. Sensory evaluation revealed that !1 hours of extraction produced the best quality products based in taste, flavor, color and over-all acceptability, considering the data, it seems possible to conclude that the optimum of time for extraction of Omija to water is 9 hours.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
• /
• 제4권1호통권4호
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 1998

To improve the quality control of frequently used oriental medicinal plants, the storage, cutting, processing and decokting methods of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino(熟地黃) were examined. The contents of 5-hydroxymethyl-2- furaldehyde(5-HMF) of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino were analysed by HPLC at various conditions as the standard component. Raw materials were classified into 3 groups with their specific gravity(天 地 人黃) and determined the ding weights and the contents of water, the solid component of Ji-Hwang(地黃) was the most. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var purpurea Makino was steamed and dried nine times and analysed the content of 5-HMF on every time. In the case of Ji-Hwang, the standard component of the ninth sample was produced the most. But which of the tenth samples of Chun-Hwang and Yin-Hwang(天黃 人黃) were the most. The best decokting conditions which were determined by the yield of 5-HMF were as follows : non cutting, soaking time was 0 minutes, decokting time was 75 minutes after boiling. The contents of sugar on each of samples were determined. The contents of standard component increased by steaming number and the contents of sugar decreased.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.198-198
• /
• 2017

Cultivated varieties of sweet potato were from dry texture type to tender texture type on the basis of consumer preferences. There are many differences in the quantity of sweet potato, starch content, pigment, and sugar content depending on the cultivation season and area, even in the same variety. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to establish optimum time of harvesting through growth characteristics and variation in component like starch, sugar, polyphenol and flavonoid. Four sweet potato varieties were used in this experiment. Among them, Jinhongmi (JHM) & Yulmi (YM) were as dry texture type and Pungwonmi (PWM) & Hogammi (HGM) were as tender texture type. Sweet potatoes were transplanted on 23 May, 2016 and were investigated storage root weight and component contents every 20 days from 60 days to 120 days and surveyed yield at 110, 120, 130 days after transplantation. Result revealed that storage root weight of YM, JHM, and HGM were 30.1, 38.9, 20.8 g respectively in 60 days after transplanting. Storage roots of PWM gerw faster with the weight of 88.2 g. In 120 days after transplanting, storage root weight varied from 88.3 to 118.7 g, HGM was the smallest, and PWM was the largest. Sugar contents of sweet potato ranged from 21.0 to $23.8Brix^{\circ}$ in 60 days after transplanting and from 27.5 to $30.78Brix^{\circ}$ in 120 days after transplanting. In particular, the sugar content of HGM was the highest over $30Brix^{\circ}$ after 80 days. The starch content of dry texture type (YM, JHM) increased from 15.5% to 20.4% and tender texture type (PWM, HGM) increased from 11.0% to 17.3%. Starch content tended to be high in dry type sweet potatoes. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid were highest in 60 days after transplanting and was reduced according to cultivation period. The total yield of PWM was high as 3,154 kg/10a and large storage root of over 250 g accounted for 47.4% in 110 days after transplanting. Storage root (YM, JHM, HGM) of 81~150 g accounted for 34.9% ~ 43.2% in 120 days after transplanting. These are the most marketable. Because consumer in Korea prefers small, round and about 100g size sweet potato. The ratio of large storage root (over 250 g) were increased in all varieties at 130 days after transplanting. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to harvest PWM at 110 days and YM, JHM, HGM at 120 days after transplanting, which planted in late May.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2009

양파 구의 부위 및 크기에 따른 pyruvic acid 함량과 양파 식물체의 구, 엽초, 엽 및 엽서에 따른 부위별 pyruvic acid와 당 함량을 분석하여 변화양상을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 양파구의 하부에서 pyruvic acid 함량이 가장 높았고, 다음이 상부였으며 중간부분의 함량이 가장 낮았다. 인편에 따라서는 외피로부터 2번째 인편에서 가장 낮았으며 3번째 인편부터는 구의 내부로 갈수록 pyruvic acid 함량이 증가하였다. 생육기간 경과에 따른 구, 엽초부 및 엽의 pyruvic acid 함량은 구비대 초기에는 구에 비해 엽과 엽초부의 pyruvic acid 함량이 더 높았으나 수확기에 이르러서는 구의 pyruvic acid 함량은 다소 증가하였지만 엽과 엽초부는 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 총당 함량은 구비대 초기에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 구가 비대되면서 구의 총당 함량은 큰 폭으로 증가하였고, 엽과 엽초부는 감소하였다. 그리고 엽서에 따라서는 바깥쪽의 오래된 잎에서 pyruvic acid와 총당 함량이 가장 낮았으며 내부의 어린잎으로 갈수록 높아지는 경향이었다.