• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.219-222
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to discuss several approaches to addressing naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) fracture. Orbital fracture, especially infraorbital fracture, can be treated through the transconjunctival approach easily. However, in more severe cases, for example, fracture extending to the medial orbital wall or zygomatico-frontal suture line, only transconjunctival incision is insufficient to secure good surgical field. And, it also has risk of tearing the conjunctiva, which could injure the lacrimal duct. Also, in most complex types of facial fracture such as NOE fracture or panfacial fracture, destruction of the structure often occurs, for example, trap-door deformity; a fracture of orbital floor where the inferiorly displaced blowout facture recoils to its original position, or vertical folding deformity; fractured fragments are displaced under the other fragments, causing multiple-packed layers of bone.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2014

Panfacial fractures require complex multidisciplinary approaches for treatment. Functional stability of bilateral condylar-disc complex should be the goal of the treatment. A patient with complex clinical panfacial fractures, including a bilateral condylar fractures visited our clinic. Facial asymmetry, insufficient vertical space and multiple missing teeth of the patient were major problems. Closed reduction and splint treatment were tried for stable condylar position. A functional and esthetic rehabilitation was accomplished by using implants and full mouth rehabilitaion. Potential possibilities of unstable occlusion should be prevented with night guard and periodic occlusal adjustment.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

Purpose: It is difficult to objectively evaluate the outcomes of plastic surgical procedures. The combination of aesthetic and medical factors makes outcome quantification difficult. In this study, fracture reduction accuracy was objectively evaluated in patients with zygomatic complex fractures. Patients satisfaction with the accuracy was also examined. In addition, the patients' overall satisfaction and discomfort due to complications were analyzed. Methods: Eighty-five patients who had surgeries via bicoronal incision for zygomatic complex fracture from March 2006 to December 2009 were included in this study. Two plastic surgeons evaluated the accuracy of the fracture reduction with postoperative computed tomography. A survey questionnaire was administered to evaluate the patients' overall satisfaction and the impact of symptoms associated with the procedure on the patients' daily lives. Results: The overall patient satisfaction rate was $82.1{\pm}10.9%$ (range, 45~100%). The level of deformation was $6.7{\pm}10.9%$, the levels of discomfort in daily life due to pain, paresthesia, scar, and facial palsy were $8.5{\pm}13.2%$, $5.8{\pm}8.9%$, $4.4{\pm}9.9%$, and $1.9{\pm}9.2%$, respectively. According to the visual analogue scale, paresthesia was found to be the most frequent symptom (43.5%), and pain was the most troublesome symptom. Conclusion: The use of bicoronal incision for treating zygomatic complex fractures can cause various complications due to wide incision and dissection. However, this technique can provide optimized reduction and rigid fixation. Most of these postoperative complications can cause significant discomfort in the patient. It is thought that the use of correct surgical technique and the accurate knowledge of craniofacial anatomy will result in a reduction of complications and significantly increase patient satisfaction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.62-72
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• 2007

Fracture analysis of human bone is necessary to predict the failure of musculoskeletal structures and to heal them by several possible mechanisms under different loading conditions. But human bone is a complex material, with a multiphase, heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructure. Due to the difficulty of obtaining experimental and clinical results, the importance of numerical analysis and computational simulations in biomechanics are increasing gradually. In this study, stress analysis for human femur model is performed by using the 2-dimensional finite element method(FEM) and its stress distribution is determined. From these results, the fracture mechanic parameters are calculated and the fracture criteria on human femur are investigated and discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.541-551
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• 2016

Asphalt pavements are exposed to complex weather conditions and vehicle traffic loads leading to crack initiation and crack propagation in asphalt pavements. This paper presents the impact of weather conditions on fracture toughness of an asphalt concrete, prevalently employed in Ardabil road networks, under tensile (mode I) and shear (mode II) loading. An improved semi-circular bend (SCB) specimen was employed to carry out the fracture experiments. These experiments were performed in two different weather conditions namely fixed and cyclic temperatures. The results showed that consideration of the impact of temperature cycling resulted in decreasing the fracture toughness of asphalt concrete significantly. Furthermore, the fracture toughness was highly affected by loading mode for the both fixed and cyclic temperature conditions studied in this paper. In addition, it was found that the MTS criterion correctly predicts the onset of fracture initiation although this prediction was slightly conservative.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.359-364
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• 1998

The interfacial zone in concrete materials is extensive, geometrically complex, and constitutes inherently weak zones that limit the concrete performance. Motar-aggregate interfaces play a major role in the fracture processing in concrete composites. Also, the interfacial bond considerably influence mechanical properties of concrete such as modulus of elasticity, strength, and fracture energy, Characterization of the interfacial properties is, therefore, essential to overcome the limitations associated with the interfaces. an objective of this paper is to investigate the corelationship between the fracture toughness of mortar-aggregate interface and the concrete properties such as strengths and elastic moduli. It is observed from the test results that interface fracture toughness is closely related with the compressive strength rather than other properties. At early ages, the development of both tensile strength and elastic modulus are much greater thatn that of both interface fracture toughness and compressive strength.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2005

The Superior Shoulder Suspensory complex (SSSC) maintains a normal stable relationship between the upper extremity and the axial skeleton. Traumatic double disruptions of the SSSC frequently create an unstable anatomic situation and is difficult-to-treat. When this double disruption is managed conservatively, significant displacement can occur at either or both sites and result in long-term problems and functional disabilities. Therefore surgical management is generally necessary. The authors experienced two cases of double disruptions of the SSSC treated with arthroscopic surgery & and reported good results.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.208-214
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• 1994

Successful treatment of patients with multiple complex facial bone fractures is dependent on the precise clinical and diagnostic image, well-established systematic principles of fracture repair. The oral and maxillofacial surgeon should appreciate the postoperative complications and minimize or manage adequately. Most of complications can be treated secondarily, but we should appreciate the fatal complications which are impossible to treat.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to report the effect in treating a patient with a case of avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal with a combination of Korean medicine therapy. We treated the patient with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and herbal medicine The numeric rating scale, X-ray were applied as outcome measures. After complex Korean medicine treatment, this patient's avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal was improved and pain was reduced. This result shows that Korean medical therapy may be an effective option for avulsion fracture of the proximal 5th metatarsal.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2019

Zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures account for a substantial proportion of trauma cases. The most frequent complications of maxillofacial fracture treatment are infections and soft tissue flap dehiscence. Postoperative infections nearly always resolve in response to oral antibiotics and local wound care. However, a significant infection can cause a permanent fistula. A 52-year-old man visited our clinic to treat an oroantral fistula (OAF), which was a late complication of a ZMC fracture. Postoperatively, the oral suture site dehisced, exposing the absorbable plate. However, he did not seek treatment. After 5 years, an OAF formed with a $2.0{\times}2.0cm$ bony defect on the left maxilla. We completely excised the OAF, harvested a piece of corticocancellous bone from the iliac crest, inserted the harvested bone into the defect, and covered the soft tissue defect with a buccal mucosal transposition flap. Although it is necessary to excise OAFs, the failure rate is higher for large OAFs (> 5 mm in diameter) because of the extensive defect in the underlying bone that supports the overlying flap. Inappropriate management of postoperative wounds after a ZMC fracture can lead to disastrous outcomes, as in this case. Therefore, proper postoperative treatment and follow-up are essential.