Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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v.28
no.3
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pp.292-299
/
2006
Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of the electron donor dosage and the initial biomass on the reductive dechlorination of perchloroethene(PCE) with benzoate as an electron donor. When benzoate was added less than the theoretical requirement for dechlorination(electron donor/acceptor ratio=0.5 and 1), the dechlorination efficiency increased from 71% to 94.3% with the increase in benzoate dosage, but the fraction of electron equivalent utilized for dechlorination decreased from 92.7% to 79.6%. Methane production was observed when the hydrogen concentration was higher than the threshold value(10 nM) after PCE and trichloroethene (TCE) were reduced to cis-1,2-dichloroethene(cDCE). When benzoate was added more than the theoretical requirement, the residual hydrogen converted into methane after the completion of dechlorination. The increase in the seeding biomass shortened the lag time for dechlorination, but it did not affect the maximum dechlorination rate as it was mainly governed by the benzoate fermentation rate. When the seeding biomass concentration was high, active dechlorination during the early period increased dechlorination efficiency while decreasing methane production.
Park, Sang Ki;Kim, Geun Hwa;Jeong, Seong Su;Shin, Kyoung Sang;Kim, Ae Kyoung;Cho, Hai Jeong;Suhr, Jee Won;Kim, Jae Sung;Cho, Moon June;Kim, Ju Ock;Kim, Sun Young
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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v.43
no.6
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pp.903-915
/
1996
Background: Combination chemotherapy is now considered to be the cornerstone of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). management but the optimal management of limited SCLC is not well defined. The role of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is less well established. Recent meta-analyses reports revealed that TRT combined with chemotherapy produce "good" local control and prolonged survival. But other reports that survival was not changed. The liming, dose, volume and fractionation for TRT with the combined chemotherapy of SCLC remains unsettled. In this study, we analyzed the effects according to the timing of thoracic radiotherapy in limited SCLC. Method: All fifty one patients received cytoxan, adriamycin and vincristine(CAV) alternating with etoposide and cisplatin(VPP) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles were randomized prospectively into two groups: concurrent and sequential. 27 patients received 4500cGy in 30 fractions(twice daily 150cGy fractional dose) over 3 weeks 10 the primary site concurrent with the first cycle of VPP(concurrent gorup). 24 patients received 4000 to 5000cGy over 5 or 6 weeks after completion of sixth cycles of chemotherapy(sequential group). Results: 1. Response rates and response duration : Response rates were not significantly different between two groups(p=0.13). But response duration was superior in the concurrent group(p=0.03). 2. Survival duration was nor different between two groups(p=0.33). 3. Local control rate was superior in the concurrent group(p=0.00). 4. Side effects and toxicities: Hematologic toxicities, especially leukopenia, infection and frequency of radiation esophagitis were higher in the concurrent group (p=0.00, 0.03, 0.03). Conclusion: The concurrent use of TRT with chemotherapy failed to improve the survival of limited stage SCLC patients compared with the sequential use of TRT but response duration and local control rate were superior in the concurrent group. Frequency of radiation esophagitis, life threatening hematologic toxicities and infection were more frequent in the concurrent group than sequential group. So, the selection of an optimal schedule of chemotherapy combined with TRT that would lead to a major increase in survival with minimal toxicity is remained to be validated in large scale study in the future.
From the viewpoint of physical distribution, the port transport process can be regarded as a system which consists of various subsystems such as navigational aids, quay handling, transfer, storage, information If management, and co-ordination with inland transport. The handling productivity of this system is determined by the production level of the least productive subsystem. So, a productivity analysis on the flow of cargoes through each subsystem should be made in order to achieve efficient port operation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the productivity of each subsystem in Pusan port, and to bring forward problems and finally to draw up plans for their betterment. Analyzed results on the productivity of each subsystem are as follows, i) It is known that the number of tugs with low HP should be increased by a few, the number of tugs with medium HP is appropriate, and the number of tugs with high HP is in excess of that necessary. ii ) In the case of container cargoes, it is found that the transfer and storage systems in BCTOC have the lowest handling capability, with a rate of $115\%$, leading to bottle-necks in the port transport system, while the handling rate of the storage and quay handling systems in general piers is in excess of the inherent capability. iii) In the case of the principal seaborne cargoes passing through general piers, there is found to be a remarkable bottle-neck in the storage system. In the light of these findings, both the extension of storage capability and the extension of handling productivity are urgently required to meet the needs of port users. Therefore, iv) As a short-term plan, it is proposed that many measures such as the reduction of free time, the efficient application of ODCY, etc must be brought in and v) In the long-trun, even though the handling capability will accommodate an additional 960,000 TEU in 1991, the scheduled completion date of the third development plan of Pusan port, insufficiency of handling facilities in the container terminal is still expected and concrete countermeasures will ultimately have to be taken for the port's harmonious operation. In particular, the problem of co-ordination with inland transport and urban traffic should be seriously examined together in the establishment of the Pusan port development. As a method of solving this, vi) It is suggested that Pusan port (North port) should be converted into an exclusive container ternimal and overall distribution systems to the other ports for treating general cargoes must be established. vii) And finally, it is also proposed that the arrival time (cut-off time) of influx cargoes for exports such as general merchandise and steel product should be limited, with a view to securing cargoes suitable for the operational capability of BCTOC.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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v.19
no.11
/
pp.426-434
/
2018
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of case-based SBAR communication training program on critical thinking ability, communication self-efficacy and communication competence of nursing students. 112 sophomore students majoring in nursing were recruited from one university located in D city, and the data collection commenced on 18 December 2017 and was completed on 4 January 2018. The case-based SBAR communication training program consisted of pre-education, a pre-survey, a three-section program, and a post-survey. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used to collect the data, and frequency and paired t-test were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 program. The rate of satisfaction for interpersonal relationship was 75.0% and satisfaction rate for improvement on their major was 54.5%. Compared with before the program, critical thinking ability and communication competence were significantly improved after completion of the case-based SBAR communication training program (t=-4.237, p<.001; t=-2.734, p=.007). Communication self-efficacy was also improved after the case-based SBAR communication training program, but the difference was not significant. In conclusion, the case-based SBAR communication training program improved critical thinking ability and communication competence.
Kim, Jun-tae;Kim, Ju-hee;Joo, Kyu-tai;Kim, Kyung-ah;Ryu, Ok-su;Jo, Jae-hyun;Jeong, Jin-Hyoung
The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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v.15
no.2
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pp.164-177
/
2022
Medical device usability evaluation refers to the evaluation of medical devices through actual users before the final prototype production is completed. IEC 62366, one of the international safety standards for electronic medical devices, is a standard that must be applied to obtain medical device licenses in major advanced countries such as Europe and the United States. In Korea, through the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's notice, from January 2021, sequential application by grade has been implemented. In this study, 15 participant specialists were recruited through the Incheon G University Hospital Medical Device Convergence Center for formative evaluation during user suitability evaluation of the focused ultrasound stimulation system being developed by Icleo Co., Ltd., and the test was conducted through joint scenario development. . In the result of task performance, the performance rate was 90.67%, and after the completion of the performance, 86.67% of 'Easy user interface' and 94% of 'Identification/Readability/Understanding of information' questions in the participant survey results analysis by question. The response rate was above average.
Purpose: The effectiveness of the transport vehicle management system of the Chemical Substances Control Act will be studies and used as basic data for future system improvement plans. Method: After the enforcement of the Chemical Substances Control Act, the effectiveness for the transport vehicle management system was studies by comparing the transport plan, guidance and inspection status, safety training completion management, ect., and the reduction rate of chemical accidents. Results: The average number of chemical accidents in transport vehicles nationwide is 20 each year. And It is decreasing with the stabilization of the Chemical Substances Control Act('15.1.1). The first reason for the decrease in chemical accidents is the increase in submission of transport plans. Second, as the guidance and inspection rate increased every year, the shipper company's management of transport companies was naturally strengthened. Finally, it is judged that chemical accident caused by transport vehicles decrease through safety education. Conclusion: The current tranport vehicle management system of the Chemical Substances Control Act is effective. However, further research is needed to improve the practical and efficient transport vehicle management system.
In the era of global aging and the retirement of baby boomers, the response is very intensive and dynamic. As baby boomers actually retire, the terms for middle-aged people have been diversified into middle-aged, midle-elderly, and the new middle, which are also evident in the training process. In line with the timing, the government and academia are also making efforts to advance the development of training courses for middle-aged, along with organizing terms for middle-aged. From this point of view, this study aims to analyze the performance of the three-year training courses (2018-2020) for the new middle at Korea Polytechnics and suggest the direction of development of the new middle training course. As a result of the study, the three-year performance of the Shin middle-aged training course gradually increased, but the completion rate and employment rate gradually decreased, indicating that countermeasures were needed. In addition, campus performance in the metropolitan area was higher than that in the non-capital area, so a plan for this deviation was needed. In addition, the need for the integrated operation of the existing 'middle-aged' and 'the new middle' courses operated by Korea Polytechnics was suggested, and measures to specialize in the new middle-aged were proposed.
Yujin Choi;Yunna Kim;Do-Hyung Kwon;Sunyoung Choi;Young-Eun Choi;Eun Kyoung Ahn;Seung-Hun Cho;Hyungjun Kim
Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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v.27
no.1
/
pp.27-37
/
2024
Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health condition, and techniques using sensory stimulation in processing traumatic memories have gained attention. The Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is a psychotherapy that combines tapping on acupoints with exposure to cognitive reframing. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of EFT as a treatment for PTSD by answering the following research questions: 1) What is the compliance and completion rate of patients with PTSD with regard to EFT protocol? Is the dropout rate reasonable? 2) Is the effect size of EFT protocol for PTSD sufficient to justify a future trial? Methods: Thirty participants diagnosed with PTSD were recruited. They received weekly EFT sessions for five weeks, in which they repeated a statement acknowledging the problem and accepting themselves while tapping the SI3 acupoint on the side of their hand. PTSD symptoms were evaluated using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) before and after the intervention. Results: Of the 30 PTSD patients (mean age: 34.1 ± 9.1, 80% female), 96.7% showed over 80% compliance to the EFT sessions, and 86.7% completed the entire study process. The mean PCL-5 total score decreased significantly after the intervention, with a large effect size (change from baseline: -14.33 [95% CI: -19.79, -8.86], p < 0.0001, d = 1.06). Conclusion: The study suggests that EFT is a feasible treatment for PTSD, with high session compliance and low dropout rates. The effect size observed in this study supports the need for a larger trial in the future to further investigate EFT as a treatment for PTSD. However, the lack of a control group and the use of a self-rated questionnaire for PTSD symptoms are limitations of this study. The findings of this pilot study can be used to plan a future trial.
[ $\underline{Purpose}$ ]: We performed a retrospective non-randomized clinical study of locally advanced rectal cancer, to evaluate the anal sphincter preservation rates, down staging rates and survival rates of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: From January 2002 to December 2005, patients with pathologically confirmed rectal cancer with clinical stage T2 or higher, or patients with lymph node metastasis were enrolled in this study. A preoperative staging work-up was conducted in 36 patients. All patients were treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy, and curative resection was performed for 26 patients at Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital. Radiotherapy treatment planning was conducted with the use of planning CT for all patients. A total dose of $45.0{\sim}52.2\;Gy$ conventionally fractionated three-dimensional radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis. Chemotherapy was given at the first and fifth week of radiation therapy with continuous infusion i.v. 5-FU (Fluorouracil) and LV (Leucovorine). Surgical resection was performed 2 to 4 weeks after the completion of the chemoradiotherapy regimen. $\underline{Results}$: The complete resection rate with negative resection margin was 100% (26/26). However, a pathologically complete response was not seen after curative resection. Surgery was done by LAR (low anterior resection) in 23 patients and APR (abdomino-perineal resection) in 3 patients. The sphincter preservation rate was 88.5% (23/26), down staging of the tumor occurred in 12 patients (46.2%) and down-sizing of the tumor occurred in 19 patients (73%). Local recurrence after surgical resection developed in 1 patient, and distant metastasis developed in 3 patients. The local recurrence free survival rate, distant metastasis free survival rate, and progression free survival rate were 96.7%, 87% and 83.1%, respectively. Treatment related toxicity was minimal except for one grade 3, one grade 4 anemia, one grade 3 leukopenia, and one grade 3 ileus. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Preoperative concurrent chmoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer seems to have some potential benefits: high sphincter preservation and down staging. Treatment related toxicity was minimal and a high compliance with treatment was seen in this study. Further long-term follow-up with a larger group of patients is required.
Kim, Won-Gon;Lim, Cheong;Moon, Hyun-Jong;Won, Tae-Hee;Kim, Yong-Jin
Journal of Chest Surgery
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v.31
no.6
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pp.553-559
/
1998
Introduction: The most dramatic application of hypothermia in cardiac surgery is in deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA). Because man in natural circumstances is never exposed to this extreme hypothermic condition, one of the controversial aspects of clinical hypothermia is appropriate acid-base management($\alpha$-stat versus pH-stat). This study aims to compare $\alpha$-stat with pH-stat for: (1) brain cooling and re-warming speed during hypothermia induction and re-warming by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); (2) cerebral perfusion, metabolism, and their coupling; and (3) the extent of development of cerebral edema after circulatory arrest, in young pigs. Materials & Methods: Fourteen young pigs were assigned to one of two strategies of gas manipulation. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a cerebral venous outflow technique. After a median sternotomy, CPB was established. Core cooling was initiated and continued until nasopHaryngeal temperature fell below $20^{\circ}C$. The flow rate was set at 2,500 ml/min. Once their temperatures were below $20^{\circ}C$, the animals were subjected to DHCA for 40 mins. During cooling, acid-base balance was maintained according to either $\alpha$-STAT or pH-STAT strategies. After DHCA, the body was re-warmed to normal body temperature. The animals were then sacrificed, and their brains measured for edema. Cerebral perfusion and metabolism were measured before the onset of CPB, before cooling, before DHCA, 15 mins after re-warming, and upon completion of re-warming. Results & Conclusion: Cooling time was significantly shorter with $\alpha$-stat than with pH-stat strategy, while there were no significant differences in rewarming time between the two groups. Nosignificant differences were found in cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, or flow/ metabolic rate ratio between two groups. Temperature-related differences were significant in cerebral blood flow, metabolic rate, and flow/metabolic rate ratio within each group. Brain water content showed no significant differences between two groups.
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