• 한국항해학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 1999

Although many studies on modelling of port competitive situation have been conducted, both theoretical frame and methodology are still very weak. In this study, therefore, a new algorithm called ESD (Extensional System Dynamics) for the evaluation of port competition was presented, and applied to simulate port systems in northeast asia. The detailed objectives of this paper are to develop Unit fort Model by using SD(System Dynamics) method; to develop Competitive Port Model by ESD method; to perform sensitivity analysis by altering parameters, and to propose port development strategies. For these the algorithm for the evaluation of part's competition was developed in two steps. Firstly, SD method was adopted to develop the Unit Port models, and secondly HFP(Hierarchical Fuzzy Process) method was introduced to expand previous SD method. The proposed models were then developed and applied to the five ports - Pusan, Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung - with real data on each ports, and several findings were derived. Firstly, the extraction of factors for Unit Port was accomplished by consultation of experts such as research worker, professor, research fellows related to harbor, and expert group, and finally, five factor groups - location, facility, service, cargo volumes, and port charge - were obtained. Secondly, system's structure consisting of feedback loop was found easily by location of representative and detailed factors on keyword network of STGB map. Using these keyword network, feedback loop was found. Thirdly, for the target year of 2003, the simulation for Pusan port revealed that liner's number would be increased from 829 ships to 1,450 ships and container cargo volumes increased from 4.56 million TEU to 7.74 million TEU. It also revealed that because of increased liners and container cargo volumes, length of berth should be expanded from 2,162m to 4,729m. This berth expansion was resulted in the decrease of congested ship's number from 97 to 11. It was also found that port's charge had a fluctuation. Results of simulation for Kobe, Yokohama, Kaoshiung, Keelung in northeast asia were also acquired. Finally, the inter port competition models developed by ESB method were used to simulate container cargo volumes for Pusan port. The results revealed that under competitive situation container cargo volume was smaller than non-competitive situation, which means Pusan port is lack of competitive power to other ports. Developed models in this study were then applied to estimate change of container cargo volumes in competitive relation by altering several parameters. And, the results were found to be very helpful for port mangers who are in charge of planning of port development.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.861-869
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• 2012

향후 학교급식 식재료 공급업체에 대한 합리적인 관리 및 평가 체계 구축을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 연구에서는 공급업체 선정방법(경쟁입찰계약, 수의계약)에 따른 학교급식 식재료 구매실태와 공급업체 수행도를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 창원시 관내 초 중 고등학교 영양(교)사를 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 2010년 6월 29일부터 9월 28일까지 총 190부를 배부하여 167부(회수율: 87.9%)가 회수되었고, 이 중 응답 내용이 불충분한 16부를 제외하고 총 151부(분석율: 79.5%)를 최종 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 첫째, 조사대상자의 일반 사항으로서, 영양(교)사는 전부 여성이었으며 평균연령은 36.87세로 31~40세 이하가 49.0%로 가장 많았고, 직위는 영양교사가 52.3%로 약간 더 많았으며 54.3%가 초등학교에 근무하고 있었다. 학교근무경력은 평균 10.86년이었으며, 평균 1일 식수인원은 931.17명이었고 78.8%가 1일 1식을 급식하고 있었으며, 평균 1식 순수 식재료비는 1,937.50원이었다. 둘째, 경쟁입찰계약을 이용한 식재료 구매실태 조사 결과, 91.4%의 학교에서 경쟁입찰계약에 의해 식재료를 구매하고 있었고, 그중 제한경쟁입찰 계약 방법을 주로 사용하고 있었다. 경쟁입찰계약으로 구매하는 식재료는 일반 농산물, 일반 가공품, 친환경 농산물(과일), 친환경 가공품, 일반 가금류, 수산물, 친환경 곡류, 무항생제 가금류, 일반 곡류, 김치류, 육류, 우유류 순으로 많았다. 셋째, 수의계약 방법을 이용한 식재료 구매실태를 조사한 결과 78.8%의 학교에서 식재료를 수의계약으로 구매하고, 단일견적 계약이 59.7%로 조금 많았다. 수의계약을 사용하는 식재료는 육류 84.9%, 김치류 47.9%, 수산물 42.0%의 순으로 많이 이용하였다. 넷째, 식재료 구매 품목별로 경쟁입찰계약과 수의계약에 의한 구매 방법의 차이를 분석한 결과 김치류를 제외한 전 품목에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 육류(p<0.001)와 우유류(p<0.001)와 같은 단일품목은 주로 수의계약방법에 의해 구매가 이루어지고 있었으며, 일반 농산물(p<0.001), 수산물(p<0.001), 일반 가금류(p<0.001), 무항생제 가금류(p<0.001), 친환경 곡류(p<0.001), 친환경 농산물(과일)(p<0.001), 친환경 가공품(p<0.001), 일반 가공품(p<0.001), 일반 곡류(p<0.001)의 품목들은 주로 경쟁입찰계약에 의해 구매가 이루어지고 있었다. 다섯째, 경쟁입찰계약과 수의계약의 학교급식 공급업체의 수행도를 비교 분석한 결과 경쟁입찰계약이 수의계약보다 제품의 가격에 대한 수행도만 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.001) '전반적인 수행도(p<0.01)'와 '제품의 포장 상태(p<0.01)', '납품 시 제품 품질(p<0.001)', '제품의 위생(p<0.001)', '현품설명서와의 일치도(p<0.001)', '반품 및 교환의 신속함(p<0.001)', '비상시 배송 능력(p<0.001)', '배송직원의 서비스(p<0.05)', '불만사항에 대한 처리(p<0.001)'의 세부 항목에서 수의계약에 의한 공급업체의 수행도가 경쟁입찰계약에 의한 공급업체의 수행도 수준보다 높았다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 학교급식 식재료 공급업체의 공정한 선정과 합리적인 평가를 위해 제언을 하면 다음과 같다. 첫째 학교급식에 있어서 구매 관리에 대한 인식 전환이 필요하다. 즉 학교급식에서 구매 관리를 단순히 급식에 필요한 식재료를 구매하는 활동으로 인식하는 것이 아니라 급식 품질 경영도구 및 급식 운영의 핵심적인 기능으로써 인식되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 학교급식 식재료 공급업체에 대한 합리적인 평가 기준과 평가 체계가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 기존의 위생관리 위주의 단면적인 평가에서 벗어나 학교급식 식재료 공급업체 수행도에 대한 다각적 측면에서의 평가를 하여야 할 것이다. 즉 현재 주로 이루어지고 있는 시설 설비 위주의 평가에서 벗어나 학교급식 식재료 공급 능력에 대한 전반적인 평가로 범위를 넓혀가야 할 것이다. 즉 조달 및 배송 능력(식재료 조달 능력, 배송 체계, 비상시 배송 능력 등), 식재료(품질, 가격, 위생, 포장상태, 구매명세서와의 일치도 등), 서비스(배송 직원의 서비스, 입고시간 준수, 반품 및 교환의 신속함, 불만사항에 대한 처리 등), 행정 사무(회계 관련 서류, 위생 관련 서류 등)의 다양한 측면에서의 평가가 이루어져야 하겠다. 그와 함께 주기적인 평가를 실시하여 학교급식 식재료의 공급이 안정적이고 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2021

Objectives: The question of whether the level of fees paid to working environment measurement agencies is appropriate has long been a matter of concern to the government. In addition, measurement institutions express dissatisfaction with their level of compensation, which has a great influence on the evaluation of a subject's policy. This study is intended to find a way to appropriately calculate working environment measurement fees. Methods: We looked at the principle of fee determination as a basic theory of fee calculation used in fee calculation, the legal and academic aspects of the general method of fee calculation, and government cost calculation standards. Furthermore, we reviewed the research methods applied so far to derive a method of calculating fees appropriate for this environment. Results: The working environment measurement environment is different from other commission calculation environments. The other environment is to appropriately calculate the service price provided by a monopoly public enterprise, while the situation is to appropriately calculate the fees provided by competitive private enterprises. Therefore, the service delivery environment and the delivery entity are different. In this case, the appropriate method of calculating service fees would be competitive pricing. There have also been many problems under the method of calculation by service cost. Conclusions: First, the working environment measurement fee requires an accounting correction of endogenous variables. Second, the theory of calculating fees appropriate for this situation is appropriate for competitive pricing that applies to private competitors. Third, the government should make efforts to make the service supply market a fully competitive market while ensuring that the service fee level is determined at the marginal cost level. Fourth, economically, research on marginal cost levels is needed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1992년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 19-21 Oct. 1992
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• pp.90-95
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• 1992

Authors have developed the method of selecting the efficient variant of designing a systems or products from a some number of competition variants in the conditions of vagueness of the initial information. Registration of information vagueness degree concerning the quantity index values is carried out of the expense of giving to the expert the possibility of using different methods of index evaluation numerical evaluations with physical scale; phrases of limited language; and points evaluation. Using of this method and software is important for marketing research, for systems of quality control of products.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1999

Recently, information technology and information system(IS) are rapidly diffused throughout the world. In the global competitive environment, the success of IS becomes the important one among the critical success factors(CSF) of the firm. For achieving it, the firm must continually involve itself in the quality evaluation and improvement of IS. The quality concept was changed into the customer-oriented quality one. There is no exception to the quality of IS. In the past, IS quality was determined by the IS developer or IS department offering service. Now it is evaluated by the user of IS service, and then the customer-oriented user satisfaction becomes an important issue. The purpose of this study is to develope the total quality evaluation model of IS through TQM approach. First, all success factors of the domestic IS are extracted from the foreign and domestic literatures of IS success factors contained the technical and behavioral aspects. And the extracted factors are classified with evaluation levels for quality evaluation and developed into a total quality evaluation model. Finally the model usefulness is analyzed.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2017

In today's highly competitive environment, the importance of technology protection cannot be overemphasized. To evaluate technology protection competency of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(SMEs), Government has conducted surveys every year but its effectiveness is still in question. To enhance the effectiveness of technology protection for SMEs, a customized evaluation model of technology protection competency has been suggested in this study. Surveys are conducted to measure the relative importance of evaluation areas that can be influenced by the size and type of business. The analysis shows that there exists significant differences between evaluation areas. This study suggests that the effectiveness of technology protection can be enhanced by utilizing a customized evaluation model depending on the size and type of business. Also, the proposed model can be used for SMEs to identify and enhance their weakness in technology protection. Overall, it is expected that the proposed model can be effectively used to protect valuable technologies in various SMEs.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to investigate the importance level on factors affecting the foodservice management contract perceived by the salespersons in the foodservice company. To get the data on the perceived importance level on the affecting the foodservice management contract, the questionnaires were developed by the delphi technique and modified by the pilot test. The questionnaires consisted of 4 categories and 19 items on the factors affecting the foodservice management contract and the importance level on the factors were measured by 5-likert scale. From March 12 to April 13 in 2003, the self-administrative questionnaires were mailed to the 60 salespersons. The questionnaires were responded from the 48 salespersons(respondent rate : 77 %). As a result, the salesperson.perceived importance level of "the sales ability" was higher than those of the other categories in the private contract and the salesperson.perceived importance level of "the evaluation of the foodservice company" was higher than those of the other categories in the competitive bid. The importance of the "the evaluation of the foodservice company" between the private contract and the competitive bid was significantly different(p<.05), and the importance of "the sales ability" of the competitive bid was significantly higher than that of the private contract(p<.001).

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.237-239
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• 2005

The importance and necessity conducting studies on grid reliability evaluation have been increasingly important in recent years due to the number of black-out events occurring through in the world. Quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important in a competitive electricity environment. The reason is that the successful operation of electric power under a deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management. Also in Korea it takes places. This paper presents the probabilistic reliability evaluation for 765KV transmission lines of KEPCO grid expansion planning. The Transmission Reliability Evaluation for large-Scale Systems (TRElSS) Version 6.2, a software package developed by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is utilized in determining the improved probabilistic reliability indices of (KEPCO) system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.11-14
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• 2004

In recent, the importance and necessity of some studies on reliability evaluation of grid comes from the recent black-out accidents occurred in the world. The quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important under competitive electricity environment. The reason is that the successful operation of electric power under the deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management. This paper introduces features and operation modes of the Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems(TRELSS) Version 6.2, a program made in EPRI, for assessing reliability indices of composite power system. The package accesses not only bulk but also buses indices for reliability evaluation of composite powers system. The characteristics of the TRELSS program are illustrated by the case studies using the KEPCO system

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.84-106
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• 2004

Measuring and evaluating the business performance plays a very important role in managing business. It is both because business performance, in any types of industry, can be evaluated and managed properly only when the measurement of its performance is estimated and because its performance can be improved through an efficient and effective management. Therefore it is essential to build up the performance evaluation system to raise management efficiency of food service industry, to reinforce competitive power of food service industry. In this study, investigated the present performance evaluation system situation of the food service industry and introduced BSC as the main conceptional framework for evaluating the performance of the food service industry. Finally, this study discussed the possible method for building a balanced scorecard to the food service industry.