• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose an approach to design multi-fuzzy controllers for the superheat and the low pressure that have an influence on energy efficiency and stabilization of air conditioning system with multi-evaporators. Air conditioning system with multi-evaporators is composed of compressor, condenser, several evaporators and several expansion valves. It is quite difficult to control the air conditioning system because the change of the refrigerant condition give an impact on the overall air conditioning system. In order to solve the drawback, we design multi-fuzzy controllers which control simultaneously both three expansion valve and one compressor for the superheat and the low pressure of air conditioning system. The proposed multi fuzzy controllers are given as a kinds of controller types such as a simplified fuzzy inference type. Here the scaling factors of each fuzzy controller are efficiently adjusted by Hierarchical Fair Competition-based Genetic Algorithms. The values of performance index of the simulation results of the A company type compare with simulation results of simplified inference type.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.319-353
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to generate a proper regulation improvement direction of the public IT project contract law through the current four contract methods and three methods of the awarding party of a contract method. The research method for this paper is derived from the written materials of the present public IT project contract law. Two problems have been processed in order to produce the results: the current contract methods and the awarding party of a contract method. The current contract methods consist of a competition contract, a private contract, and a supply methodology contract. The methods of the awarding party of a contract display a qualified evaluation regulation, the 2nd step competition bid, a standard cost separation tender, and a contract by a negotiation. The results exhibit that the general competition contract consists of four improvement items. The contract by a negotiation contains five improvement items. The group private contract has one improvement item. And the private contract includes one improvement item. These results implicate that the current public IT project contract law demands better improvement work for the ubiquitous Korea.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.81-110
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• 2011

서브프라임 모기지 및 구조화 상품 등에 대한 부정확한 신용등급은 최근 금융위기 확산의 주요 요인으로 지적되고 있다. 본 논문은 신용평가노력을 관찰할 수 없는 숨겨진 행동모형(hidden action model)을 통해 신용평가회사의 행태 및 규제에 대한 분석을 시도하여 현재 논의되고 있는 신용평가기능 개선을 위한 논의에 보완적인 기여를 하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 도덕적 해이가 존재하면 신용평가노력이 관찰 가능하지 않음으로 인해 사회적으로 최적인 수준보다 낮은 수준의 신용평가노력을 기울임을 확인하였다. 경쟁 및 평판효과를 고려한 확장된 모형의 경우에도 신용평가회사에 사회적으로 최적의 유인을 제공하는 데는 한계가 존재한다. 그리고 부수업무의 존재는 신용평가회사의 노력수준과 사회적 최적 수준 간의 괴리를 확대함을 확인하였다. 따라서 경쟁과 평판에 의한 규율이 불완전한 경우 신용평가회사에 대한 감독 및 잘못된 정보의 제공에 따른 책임의 부과가 필요하다

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.204-206
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• 2007

In this study, we introduce the optimization method of fuzzy inference systems that is based on Hierarchical Fair Competition-based Parallel Genetic Algorithms (HFCGA) and information data granulation, The granulation is realized with the aid of the Hard C-means clustering and HFCGA is a kind of multi-populations of Parallel Genetic Algorithms (PGA), and it is used for structure optimization and parameter identification of fuzzy model. It concerns the fuzzy model-related parameters such as the number of input variables to be used, a collection of specific subset of input variables, the number of membership functions, the order of polynomial, and the apexes of the membership function. In the optimization process, two general optimization mechanisms are explored. The structural optimization is realized via HFCGA and HCM method whereas in case of the parametric optimization we proceed with a standard least square method as well as HFCGA method as well. A comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is superior to the conventional methods. Particularly, in parameter identification, we use the UNDX operator which uses multiple parents and generate offsprings around the geographic center off mass of these parents.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.231-242
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to generate a proper regulation improvement direction of the public IT project contract law through the current four contract methods and three methods of the awarding party of a contract method. The research method for this paper is derived from the written materials of the present public IT project contract law. Two problems have been processed in order to produce the results: the current contract methods and the awarding party of a contract method. The current contract methods consist of a competition contract, a private contract, and a supply methodology contract. The methods of the awarding party of a contract display a qualified evaluation regulation, the 2nd step competition bid, a standard cost separation tender, and a contract by a negotiation. The results exhibit that the general competition contract consists of four improvement items. The contract by a negotiation contains five improvement items. The group private contract has one improvement item. And the private contract includes one improvement item. These results implicate that the current public IT project contract law demands better improvement work for the ubiquitous Korea.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.19-49
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• 2006

Due to the globoal economic effect, Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) is much threatened by China. Since remarkable advances have being made in information technology, taking competition advantage for an enterprise has become a very important issue when facing rigorous global competition. However, the business of the enterprise starts with finding the customers' demands, and ends with fulfilling customers' demands. Therefore, in order to increase competition advantage for SME, the customer management must be effectively strengthened, especially by increasing customer satisfaction and maintaining good relationship with the customer. This is the key for an enterprise leading to success. The purpose of this study is aiming to discussing the relational analysis between customer and SME by viewing the four aspects of customer relationship management (CRM), which are relation marketing, customer service, customer value, and customer satisfaction. Moreover, this research will perform an empirical analysis on CRM for a typical small and medium-sized company so as to grasp its real definition and enterprises' demands. The conclusions will be drawn from our literature survey and practical experience as well as site investigation. Recommendations are evolved from discussing the interaction between customers and enterprises in improving their constructing factors and increasing benefits and values.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.73-96
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• 2004

This research began by recognizing the development of telecommunication skill in a short period of time as one achievement of launching the national research and development (R&D) project for the diversification of telephone service and for the solution of telephone holdup rate. Under this concern, this research is focusing on searching the influential elements on successful outcome by analyzing the case of Time Division Exchange R&D Project carried out by Korea. Those variables for analyzing the case is limited to 7 definite variables, which are "willingness of policy making organization", "participation of manufacturers and buyers", "support from research and development group", "economy of operating methods and selection of machinery", "rate of technology transfer", "support from Fixer", and "quality management". Summarizing the result of analysis, in order to bring about technological innovation, knowledge creation activity leading to upward efficiency through competition and cooperation making a harmony should be done in one mechanism. I.e., launching an innovative policy should be done in an arena of competition and cooperation, where stability of implementing system is achieved, the entity of "Fixer" is an adequate operator, and competition and cooperation is efficiently managed, among where agreement on purpose and professional opinions are reflected.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.119-147
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• 2014

시장경제에서 기술경쟁은 기업이 시장 내 경쟁우위를 선점하기 위한 필수요소이자 기술혁신 분야의 한 축으로서, 그 중요성이 점점 커지고 있다. 따라서 기술경쟁에 대한 연구는 끊임없이 진행되어 왔으며, 점점 세분화 되어가고 있다. 우리는 이러한 기술경쟁의 현상을 분석하고, 신기술이 구기술을 대체하는 과정에서 발생되는 구기술의 혁신을 설명한 범선효과에 대해 주목하였다. 선행연구 분석을 통해 범선효과를 연구한 선행연구들이 기술의 경쟁을 시장과 기술의 관점, 혹은 기업과 기술의 관점으로 나누어 분석하였기 때문에 현상을 분석하고 전략을 수립하는데 한계가 있다는 점을 발견하였다. 본 연구에서는 기술, 시장 환경, 특히 경쟁기업을 고려한 새로운 기술경쟁 분석 모형을 제안하였으며, 기술경쟁의 결과를 1)신기술로의 대체, 2)구기술의 유지, 3)신/구기술의 공존, 그리고 4)범선효과 이렇게 네 가지로 나누어 기술 경쟁 결과를 분석하였다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 제안된 분석 모형이 적절한지 판단하기 위해 세 가지 대표 사례에 대해 제안된 기술경쟁 분석 모형을 적용했으며, 분석 모형이 구기술의 퇴출 지연 현상과 관련된 여러 가지 경우를 잘 설명하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 보다 일반화된다면, 기술경쟁의 결과를 예측하거나 관련 전략을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-69
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• 2014

The impact of competition on pricing has been studied in the context of counterfactual merger analyses where expected optimal prices in a hypothetical monopoly are compared with observed prices in an oligopolistic market. Such analyses would typically assume static decision making by consumers and firms and thus have been applied mostly to data obtained from consumer packed goods such as cereal and soft drinks. However such static modeling approach is not suitable when decision makers are forward looking. When it comes to the markets for durable products with indirect network effects, consumer purchase decisions and firm pricing decisions are inherently dynamic as they take into account future states when making purchase and pricing decisions. Researchers need to take into account the dynamic aspects of decision making both in the consumer side and in the supplier side for such markets. Firms in a two-sided market typically subsidize one side of the market to exploit the indirect network effect. Such pricing behaviors would be more prevalent in competitive markets where firms would try to win over the battle for standard. While such qualitative expectation on the relationship between pricing behaviors and competitive structures could be easily formed, little empirical studies have measured the extent to which the distinct pricing structure in two-sided markets depends on the competitive structure of the market. This paper develops an empirical model to measure the impact of competition on optimal pricing of durable products under indirect network effects. In order to measure the impact of exogenously determined competition among firms on pricing, we compare the equilibrium prices in the observed oligopoly market to those in a hypothetical monopoly market. In computing the equilibrium prices, we account for the forward looking behaviors of consumers and supplier. We first estimate a demand function that accounts for consumers' forward-looking behaviors and indirect network effects. And then, for the supply side, the pricing equation is obtained as an outcome of the Markov Perfect Nash Equilibrium in pricing. In doing so, we utilize numerical dynamic programming techniques. We apply our model to a data set obtained from the U.S. video game console market. The video game console market is considered a prototypical case of two-sided markets in which the platform typically subsidizes one side of market to expand the installed base anticipating larger revenues in the other side of market resulting from the expanded installed base. The data consist of monthly observations of price, hardware unit sales and the number of compatible software titles for Sony PlayStation and Nintendo 64 from September 1996 to August 2002. Sony PlayStation was released to the market a year before Nintendo 64 was launched. We compute the expected equilibrium price path for Nintendo 64 and Playstation for both oligopoly and for monopoly. Our analysis reveals that the price level differs significantly between two competition structures. The merged monopoly is expected to set prices higher by 14.8% for Sony PlayStation and 21.8% for Nintendo 64 on average than the independent firms in an oligopoly would do. And such removal of competition would result in a reduction in consumer value by 43.1%. Higher prices are expected for the hypothetical monopoly because the merged firm does not need to engage in the battle for industry standard. This result is attributed to the distinct property of a two-sided market that competing firms tend to set low prices particularly at the initial period to attract consumers at the introductory stage and to reinforce their own networks and eventually finally to dominate the market.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.51-72
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• 2001

This study intends to review the development of Squid Angling Fisheries of Korea and Japan and subsequent changes in the fisheries regime as well as management conditions and to examine reorganization directions. Although catches and productivity are all increasing in Korea and Japan as the squid resource in the East Sea is improving, the number of fishing vessels and the conditions of fisheries management are showing a symmetrical relationship. The former is increasing in Korea and decreasing in Japan while the latter is aggravating in Korea and rather stable in Japan. And while the competition between the two countries for more fishing grounds and catches are not that serious since the resource is relatively increasing, the catch and price competition with other domestic fisheries is a more significant problem. Furthermore, even though light restriction is implemented in both countries in order to suppress over-competition, it is adopted as a means to curtail management costs and block over-investment rather than to adjust international or inter-fisheries circumstances. Japan has been implementing the TAC system on squid resources since 1998. However, it has a different meaning than as a resource management method in its original sense because it is based on the highest catch level of the past and takes into consideration the fishermen's management conditions. In case of Korea, it is necessary to establish a plan to strengthen its fisheries management competence to address its shrinking catch in the Japanese waters. The developments mentioned so far have appeared amidst the increase of squid resources, and if such conditions disappear, problems such as international allocation of catches and fishing seasons, access to fishing grounds, and domestic conflicts among different fisheries will emerge.