• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to determine the risk factors for recurrent fallers (2+falls) compared to single fallers. Methods: Participants were 104 community-dwelling people 65 yr of age or older. The data were collected from June 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009 using the Residential Assessment Instrument-Home Care. Results: Over the past 90 days, 55.7% of the 104 participants fell once, and 44.2% experienced recurrent falls (2+falls). In comparison of recurrent fallers with single fallers, there were significant differences in scores on the following factors: gender ($X^2$=4.22, p=.040), age ($X^2$=5.74, p=.017), educational level ($X^2$=5.22, p=.022), living arrangements ($X^2$=35.02, p<.001), cardiovascular diseases ($X^2$=17.10, p<.001), hypertension ($X^2$=4.43, p=.035), diabetes mellitus ($X^2$=4.44, p=.035), glaucoma ($X^2$=13.95, p<.001), Minimal Data Set (MDS)-Pain (t=-2.56, p=.012), fear of falling ($X^2$=4.08, p=.034), reduced vision (t=-3.06, p=.003), MDS-activity of daily living (t=3.46, p=.001), MDS-Instrumental Activities of daily living (t=3.24, p=.002), cognition (MDS-Cognition Performance Scale) (t=3.40, p=.001), and 'difficulties entering and leaving the house' ($X^2$=4.53, p=.033). Conclusion: It is important to assess the risk factors for recurrent falls and develop differentiated strategies that will help prevent recurrent falls. Additionally, utilizing a standardized tool, such as RAI-HC, would help health professionals assess multi-variate fall risk factors to facilitate comparisons of different community care settings.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.55-69
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate methodological and theoretical problems in measuring the acquisition of national identity of in-country and over-seas Korean adolescents. The subjects consisted of 574 incountry and overseas (Chinese, Russia and Japan) Korean adolescents (total 509), 15 to 25 years of age. Data were collected with the use of a questionaire, the Scale of National Identity. The results were that (1) the concept of national identity was organized on two dimensions (cognitive vs. sociocultural). The former consisted of 6 cognitive characteristics (uniqueness, sameness, continuity, acceptability, respectability and royalty). The sociocultural dimension consisted of the cognition of 7 sociocultural characteristics (history, norm, fraternity, symbol, consanguinity, Korean language and nationality). Except for consanguinity, there was a close relationship within each and between the 6 cognitive characteristics. Also there was a close relationship within each and between the 7 sociocultural characteristics of national identity. (2) Some demographic variables, such as age of respondents, place of birth and level of understanding of Korean language contributed to acquisition of national identity. (3) Among several demographic variables, nationality was the most explainable.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.33-55
• /
• 2011

미적분학 강사와 학생의 미분에 관한 담화의 특징을 인식에 관한 의사소통적 접근을 통해 조사하였다. 이 연구의 자료는 설문, 수업 관찰, 그리고 인터뷰를 통해 수집되었다. 연구의 결과는 강사들이 도함수와 미분계수의 관계, 함수로써 의 도함수 등 미분의 성질들을 명백히 서술함 없이 사용한다는 것과 학생들의 문제 풀이에 있어 이런 성질들을 부정확하게 서술하고 사용한다는 것을 보여준다. 미분에 관한 교사들의 암묵적인 담화와 학생들의 부정확한 설명은 그들이 용어, "미분"을 "미분계수" 혹은 "도함수"로 구분하지 않고 사용한다는 사실과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 강사와 학생의 담화 비교는 분명한 용어 사용을 포함한 미분의 수학적인 성질에 대한 명백히 설명이 학생들이 도함수의 한 값으로의 미분계수를 이해하는 것과 접선과 같은 도함수의 부정확한 개념을 극복하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있음을 암시한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2009

In this study, we try to solve some issues of Gi(氣) conversion in "Somun(素問) Eumyang-eungsangdaeron(陰陽應象大論)", through comparison of related annotations. Through this analysis we can again review the cognition of movement and changes of Gi(氣), one of the most important aspects in Oriental medicine, so to have a chance to criticize a view of the world in western science, excessively leaned to material viewpoint. In the process of Gi conversion, the creation of Jeong(精), one of the most essential elements, is the last goal, but physical element for example Mi(味, taste) or Hyeong(形, shape) could not be directly converted to Jeong(精) without Gihwa(氣化, vaporization) and circulation of Gi(氣). And who controls conversion to Jeong(精) is human spirit, that joins with Jeonggi(精氣), it has been kept in and come from Jeong(精). That spirit based on Jeong manages the whole process of Gi conversion.

• 교육시설
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to provide an remodification method for elementary school complex facilities in Seoul Metropolitan city. This study analyzes the questionnaire survey for 568 entire elementary schools and the questionnaire survey for school facility complex project operated 44 elementary schools. Then the result of this study was deduced from the comparison between the 568 entire survey data and 44 survey data in terms of the cognition of school facility complex project, the required type of facility and the problems of complex facility maintenance and operation. Four major findings were revealed as the result of research. First, there is a very high agreement with the school facility complex projects. Second, it was need that the process of planning and design was remodified to enhance participation of parents of students and local residents for selecting an appropriate complex facility. Third, education environment and student safety should be protected from any other school facility complex environments. Fourth, an agreement and regulation is needed for more effective maintenance and operation of school complex facilities.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2010

Recently, there are many people who live in rural keep getting away from their town. The reason why become aging and reducing society in Rural is weakness of agricultural competition, education, culture and welfare. Thereupon, we need counter plans to make boom in exhaustion rural landscape counter plan, losing consciousness of citizenship, over developing from city planners who are giving serious damage to rural landscape. However, there are many promotions going on to cover weakness of rural. In this research, to set up the right view of rural which considered the different cognitions, it is important to derive each preference or non-preference scenery, and countrified or non countrified scenery. From different cognition, finding preserved and improved factors is necessary to preserve, reform, and improve the countryside scenery. Based on this, to investigate natural characters of viewpoint is providing right direction for future rural landscape.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the cognition of dental caries prevention by the level of socioeconomic status based on Gallup survey in Korea. Methods: This study was done by Korean Gallup survey in October, 2010. A trained researcher carried out the computer aided telephone interview(CATI) using a structured questionnaire. This study was based on the latest population statistics of resident registration and whole country's phone data base. This survey included 869 selected Korean adults over 19 years old, and they were asked to answer a CATI. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and socioeconomic factors including age, gender, education level, monthly income, and residential area. Cognition of dental caries prevention was measured by Likert 4 scale including 'much', 'a little', 'rarely', and 'never'. The attitude toward dental caries prevention consisted of daily tooth brushing frequency, experience of oral health education, regular dental checkup, chewing gums(xylitol), regular scaling, and use of oral care devices. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 for frequency analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and one way ANOVA. Cronbach's alpha was 0.462 in oral health concern and attitude. Results: Mean of the frequencies of daily tooth brushing in men was 2.54 times and 2.78 in women. By the comparison to age group, 35-44 years old group had 2.82 times, 19-37 years old group had 2.72 times, and 45-64 years old group had 2.51 times. The level of education and monthly income was proportional to the tooth brushing frequency. Highly educated and higher monthly income group received regular dental checkup within a year and used the auxiliary oral health care devices. Conclusions: This study suggested the relationship between dental caries prevention and socioeconomic status. It is important to provide the low socioeconomic group with the better oral health promotion services in the future.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.273-291
• /
• 2018

과학 담화에 동반되는 제스처는 정신 모형의 구성과 모델에 기반한 추론에 중요한 역할을 한다. 체화된 인지의 관점에서 제스처는 학생의 내면에 기저한 정신모형을 유추하는 근거인 동시에 학생의 불완전한 과학적인 사고의 변화에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이 연구는 과학 교육의 맥락에서 제스처의 역할을 탐색해보고자 과학적 담화에서 제스처의 특징을 살펴보고 과학자와 중학생의 제스처를 비교하였다. 각각 10명의 과학자와 중학생이 본 연구에 참여했으며, 일대일 면담에서는 '분자운동과 상태 변화'에 관한 세 가지 면담과제가 제시되었고 면담은 반구조화된 clinical interview의 방식으로 진행되었다. 과학자와 중학생의 제스처는 모두 비디오로 녹화하였으며, 근거 이론(grounded theory)에 기반하여 4명의 연구자가 반복적으로 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 과학자와 중학생의 제스처는 4가지 측면(제스처의 특징, 제스처의 사용, 제스처의 내용, 제스처의 기능)에서 상이한 특성을 보였다. 과학자는 다양하고 정교한 제스처를 보다 빈번하게 체계적으로 사용했으며, 중학생 또한 과학적 사고와 소통의 도구로 제스처를 과학담화에서 사용했으나, 중학생의 제스처는 과학자의 제스처에 비해 과학적인 근거가 부족했으며 기능적인 특징에서도 상당한 차이점이 있었다. 이 결과는 제스처가 과학적 사고를 강화하는 데 도움이 될 수 있으며, 내면에서 일어나는 인지활동을 알아보는 수단이 될 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 앞으로 학생들이 제스처를 과학 개념의 이해와 추론을 돕는 도구로 사용할 수 있도록 지원할 필요가 있다.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제9권9호
• /
• pp.63-74
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The current study is to compare the cognition of stakeholders on hosting a mega sports event between Korea and the United States. In particular, to understand their cognition and perceptual conflict towards hosting a mega sports event, the study employed conflict theory. Furthermore, the study reviewed the role of social capital in the process of managing the mega sports events. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Of homogeneous sampling, purposeful sampling method and criterion-based selection approach were used to collect interview data from key stakeholders who have been involved in hosting a mega sports events in Korea and the United States. In-depth interview transcripts were reviewed multiple tiems after transcription to extract concepts and meanings that were pertinenet to the experience involving hosting a mega sports event. Further member checks was conducted to increase the credibility of the results. Results - Results can be summarized as followed: First, stakeholders of Korea have a strong desire for positive economic effects of a mega sports event, compared to those in the United States who are more concerned in enhancing the public interests and concerns. Second, in Korea, various socio-political issues emerged at the same time and conflicts among multiple stakeholders have aggravated the situations to coordinate the issues. This was because legal system supporting socio-trust has not been established. On the other hand, major stakeholders of the United States consisted of community members who have socio-trust and networks. Thereby these social resources have been found playing a key role in building social capital that assists the stakeholders to coordinate the current issues and to solve them. Conclusions - The current study analyzed the cognition and perceptual conflict of stakehoders in a mega sports event. Social capital has beend found as a key catalyst to increase a network and cooperation among stakeholders. In order to enhance social capital in managing a mega sports event hosted in Korea, legal systems that establish networks and relationships among the related stakeholders need to be developed. Furthermore, the systematic guideline needs to be developed, organizing the sub-committees according to the types of stakeholders and the categorized common needs.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2006

현재 국도개량사업으로 국도의 이동성이 향상되었으나 유출부에 설치된 도로안전시설인 시선유도시설은 일관성 없이 설치되거나 미설치된 경우가 많다. 유출부의 시선유도시설은 유출부의 안전성을 높이는 시설임에도 불구하고 각 유출부마다 서로 다른 유형으로 설치되어 그 기능적 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현장조사를 통하여 조사된 시설유형별로 설치기준의 적합성을 검토한 후 운전자 인지특성을 고려한 효과적인 시설유형을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 3D-시뮬레이션을 개발하여 보다 객관적인 비교실험을 수행하였다. 시설유형 간 비교변수는 운전자 인지특성을 대변할 수 있는 현저성, 시인성으로 선정하여 시설유형에 대한 각각의 특성실험을 수행하였으며 인지 특성변수로 채택된 시인성의 실험에 대한 피 실험자의 측정오차를 줄이기 위하여 초점기록계(Eye Marker Recorder)를 이용하여 실험함으로서 보다 정량적이고, 객관적인 주시빈도를 측정할 수 있었다. 각각의 측정 변수들에 대한 시설유형 간 유의성을 검증하기 위하여 분산 분석으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 현저성은 시설유형 간 유의미한 차이를 나타냈으며, 유출부를 인지하는데 안전표지, 장애물표적표지, 시선유도등, 시선유도봉이 설치된 시설유형이 가장 유리한 것으로 평가되었다. 또한 시인성의 효과척도로 주시빈도를 측정한 결과 시설유형 간 유의미한 차이를 알 수 있었으며, 현저성과 동일한 시설유형이 설치되었을 때 유출부를 인지하는데 유리한 것으로 평가되었으며 전체적인 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 안전표지, 장애물표적표지, 시선유도등, 시선유도봉의 시설이 가장 유리한 것임을 알 수 있었다.