• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2005

In 1937, most Korean compatriot who lived in Yunhaeju moved to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan in Central Asia following the deportation policy of Russia. Korean compatriot have kept their traditional life style for 140 years, without a deep relationship with Korea. This study examined the heating systems of Korean compatriot in Yunhaeju, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Russia. A literature review and field research, based on Ethnography as a research method, was employed. The results of the research were as following: 1) Korean compatriot in Yunhaeju use a Pechika, which is a radiator that uses hot water, and a Gudul as the main heating systems, but the use of a Pechika was most common. A Pechika functions for cooking as well as for warming the house. The room with the Gudul was connected to the kitchen, so this space was used as a place for cooking and eating, for family members to meet. Many kinds of fuel, like gas and electricity, were used to power the heating systems. 2) Korean compatriot in Kazakhstan use radiators, with hot water as the main heating system, with ratio using Gudul used in this region being the highest of all the three areas. The most common fuels used for a Gudul were wood and coal, and gas was also used in cooking. The room with the Gudul was planned to be located beside the fireplace, without any walls. The people using a Gudul use that place for eating and meeting, as well as for family members to sleep. 3) The main heating system of Korean compatriot in Uzbekistan was a radiator using hot water, and those with pipes containing hot water buried under the floor were very common. The function is very similar to that of a Gudul, so most people using this type of radiator would sleep on the floor. Those people with a traditional Gudul not using them were mostly in Uzbekistan. The reason for this was that the family members had diminished, so it was hard work for elderly parents to manage an extra building containing a Gudul. Gas was the fuel generally used for heating and cooking in Uzbekistan. 4) Guduls were used in the Korean compatriot's houses in all three areas, even though they have changed in structure to adapt to the Russian life style. However, Guduls have still been functioning to maintain a traditional life style in Korean compatriot's houses for the gathering of family members.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.90-105
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• 2021

한국 목조 건축에서 외형의 아름다움을 결정하는 요소로 지붕의 형태는 매우 중요하다. 그 가운데에서도 처마의 곡선은 한국 목조 건축의 특징을 가장 잘 나타내는 요소이다. 이 처마의 곡선을 만들어내는 것이 바로 서까래와 부연(浮椽)이라는 부재이며, 특히 날렵한 처마곡을 만들어 육중한 지붕의 느낌을 보다 가볍고 역동적으로 보이도록 하는 것은 부연이다. 부연의 기능과 역할에 대해서는 이미 알려져 있지만 처음 사용 시기와 관련해서 명확하게 알려진 바는 아직 없다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 한국 건축에서 부연이 최초로 사용된 시기를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 먼저 한국·중국·일본의 고대 건축과 관련된 기록이 남아 있는 문헌, 발굴 유구, 현존 건축물과 건축물이 표현된 회화 및 조각 등의 고찰을 차례로 진행하고 이를 종합하여 한국 고대 건축의 부연 사용 시기를 추정하고자 하였다. 그 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국의 경우 6세기 중반 북제에서 처음 부연 사용이 나타나지만 일반화된 것은 당대인 7세기부터로 판단된다. 둘째, 일본의 경우 수도를 비조 지역에서 나라 지역으로 이전하는 8세기 중반 이후 부연 사용을 확인할 수 있으며, 이는 중국의 당과 직접적인 문화 교류를 추진하는 시기와 겹친다. 셋째, 한국의 경우 부연 사용은 6세기 중반 중국 북제로부터 백제로 도입되었을 가능성이 있으나 일반화되지는 못하였던 것으로 보이며, 이후 신라 통일기인 7세기 중반 중국 당과의 활발한 교류가 이루어지면서 보편화되었던 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2015

This study aims to improve plans by analyzing spatial compositions of cohousing common houses, their role depending on the types of users and spaces, and satisfaction from the user-oriented design perspective. For this study, a basic concept was examined based on previous studies and literature reviews. So-Haeng-Ju(Happy House with Communication) Houses 1, 2, and 3 in Seongmisan Village was analyzed. As well, interviews with residents of these houses were conducted to analyze the role of user behavior in common house depending on the types of users and spaces. As a result, it was found that there were common characteristics of roles in an exchange with neighbors, cooperative child-care, and residents' meetings. The time and behavioral types were different depending on the living patterns, characteristics, and family members of residents. User satisfaction with the locations of community facilities including communal kitchen and communal living room, the composition of rooms, communication with residents, and the connection between communal living space and personal living space, was above the average. However, user satisfaction with storage facilities, or defect repair and facility maintenance was low. Most of cohousing common house users were satisfied with the use and size of spaces, and a sense of community, including communication with neighbors beyond the environment and Seongmisan Village. In conclusion, a realistic alternative is required for future cohousing by developing a system regarding human resources networks and cost bearing issues.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1251-1254
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• 2016

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, shows geographical variation with respect to the age, sex, site and habits of the population. The histolopathologic grade of the tumor is closely related to its tissue of origin. This study was conducted to establish the prevalence of OSCC in relation to patient sex, age, habits and sites of lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 130 cases of histopathologically diagnosed OSCC were selected for the study, out of which 66, 38 and 26 were well (WD), moderately (MD)and poorly differentiated (PD), respectively. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and graded according to a modified Borders's system. Then statistically analyzed different grades of OSCC for correlations with other variables. Results: In our study the majority cases of OSCC were found in the 5th to 7th decades of life, males acconting for 53%. The most common site was the buccal mucosa and most cases had habit of tobacco use either in the form of chewing or smoking or both. When the different grades of OSCC were compared with different sites a statistically significant value was observed (P=0.029). Conclusions: The incidence of high grade PD is very much less in female patients but in males such lesions were common. In our location population the buccal mucosa is the most common site due to the tobbaco habits of the patients and majority cases of the buccal mucosa are WD whereas in tongue, floor of the mouth and palate PD are common.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-59
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• 1997

현재 우리 나라에서 사용되는 주제도는 수십종류가 있다. 그 중 제작기관내에서만 이용되는 주제도가 있는가하면, 여러 기관에서 공통적으로 이용되는 주제도들도 있다. 이 글에서는 먼저 여러 가지 주제도 중에서 수치지도화 해야 할 공통주제도들을 분석하여 사업추진 우선순위를 제시하였다. 우선순위에서 1등급으로 분류된 공통주제도 중 토지이용현황도, 지형지번도, 행정구역도, 도시계획도, 도로망도 등 5개를 선택하여 제주도를 사례지역으로 수치지도를 실험제작하였다. 실험제작을 통해 공통주제별로 가장 합리적인 제작방법을 도출하고, 실험제작 과정에서 도출된 문제점을 분석하여 향후 국가 GIS사업에서 공통주제도 수치지도제작 결과를 바탕으로 공통주제도의 수치지도제작사업 추진방향을 제시하고, 아울러 전국적으로 확대제작하는데 소요될 예산, 인력, 기간 등에 관한 물량을 추정하고 구체적인 추진방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Purposes: It is very important to establish a clinical data warehouse based on a common data model to offset the different data characteristics of each medical institution and for drug surveillance. This study attempted to establish a clinical data warehouse for Dankook university hospital for drug surveillance, and to derive the main items necessary for development. Methodology/Approach: This study extracted the electronic medical record data of Dankook university hospital tracked for 9 years from 2013 (2013.01.01. to 2021.12.31) to build a clinical data warehouse. The extracted data was converted into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (Version 5.4). Data term mapping was performed using the electronic medical record data of Dankook university hospital and the standard term mapping guide. To verify the clinical data warehouse, the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and the incidence of liver toxicity were analyzed, and the results were compared with the analysis of hospital raw data. Findings: This study used a total of 670,933 data from electronic medical records for the Dankook university clinical data warehouse. Excluding the number of overlapping cases among the total number of cases, the target data was mapped into standard terms. Diagnosis (100% of total cases), drug (92.1%), and measurement (94.5%) were standardized. For treatment and surgery, the insurance EDI (electronic data interchange) code was used as it is. Extraction, conversion and loading were completed. R language-based conversion and loading software for the process was developed, and clinical data warehouse construction was completed through data verification. Practical Implications: In this study, a clinical data warehouse for Dankook university hospitals based on a common data model supporting drug surveillance research was established and verified. The results of this study provide guidelines for institutions that want to build a clinical data warehouse in the future by deriving key points necessary for building a clinical data warehouse.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2006

This study reviewed published studies on interventions used by hospitals, health insurance programs, or governments to improve use of medicines in foreign countries. Interventions to improve use of medicines are classified into two categories: 1) information strategies-dissemination of educational materials, group education, one-to-one educational outreach, drug utilization review, and feedback; 2) managerial strategies- formularies, prior authorization, and financial incentives. Dissemination of educational materials, which is a common intervention, was unsuccessful in changing physicians' prescribing behaviors. Problem-based small group education was more likely to change behaviors than didactic large group education. One-to-one educational outreach(academic detailing) was among the most effective strategies used to change prescribing behaviors. Prospective drug utilization review (DUR) program was more successful in improving use of medicines than retrospective DUR program. Feedback intervention has been reported to be ineffective to change behaviors. Formularies are frequently used to control medication use by most health insurance programs. Financial incentives provide physicians economic incentives according to appropriateness of prescribing. However, few published studies have assessed the efficacy of formularies or financial incentives. Prior authorization requires physicians to get authorization from health insurers before prescribing a certain group of drugs which is usually of high costs or risk. There is no magic bullet for quality use of medicines. Multifaceted interventions that help to predispose, enable, and reinforce desired behaviors are more likely to be successful.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

本文研究共同特性对于无选择权的影响, 并涉及到了调节焦点理论. 本文主要着眼于这三个因子以及他们之间的关系. 之前的研究已经广泛涉及到这三个方面. 第一, 共同特性影响已经被广为研究. Tversky (1972) 开创了这个理论, EBA 模型: 通过消除方面. 根据这个理论, 消费者在比较的过程中更易于注意特殊的特性, 而忽略共同特性. 最近, 更多的研究开始针对于此模型对于消费者行为的影响. Chernev (1997) 认为增加共同特性可以减少选择距离. 但是, 随后Chernev (2001) 的研究指出共同特性可能是消费者认知上的负担, 所以他们更喜欢启发式的过程而不是系统式的过程. 这些研究提出了一系列问题: 共同特性是否影响顾客选择? 如果是的话, 这些影响是什么样子的? 第二, 一些研究指出没有选择的状况是消费者最好的选择, 他们在犹豫不决时用这种方法回避选择. 其他关于这一理论的研究是时间的压力, 消费者自信, 以及可供选择的数量. 第三, 调节聚焦理论在目前非常流行. 消费者有两个焦点目标: 促进和制止. 促进聚焦主要和希望, 野心, 成功, 获得等有关; 而制止聚焦和责任, 职责, 安全, 规避等有关. 调节聚焦理论预测了顾客的感情, 创造, 态度, 记忆, 表现, 和判断. 而这些都是市场营销研究的领域这些文献为本文的研究提供了一些理论支持. 特别是增加共同特征而不是忽略他们可以增加选择过程中克制消费者的没有选择状况的比重, 其对于促进消费者的作用确实相反的. 本文通过两个试验进行验证. 第一个是2 X 2 组间的设计(共同特性X调节聚焦), 数码相机作为相关的客体. 特别的是, 调节聚焦变量是从11个问题中取得的. 共同特性包括焦距, 重量, 记忆卡, 电池, 而像素和价格作为独特特性. 结果证明了我们的假设, 那就是增加共同特性增加了克制消费者的无选择比重, 而对促进消费者没有作用. 第二个试验被用来复制第一个实验的结果. 这个实验和之前的基本相同, 只有两个方面不同—主要控制和研究客体. 在促进的前提下, 研究对象必须一些词例如: 利润, 野心, 高兴, 成功, 发展等. 在克制的前提下, 他们必学写下坚持, 安全, 保护, 规避, 损失, 责任等词. 实验证明我们假设是成立的. 本研究说明了共同特性对于顾客选择的二重效果. 增加共同特性可以提高或者降低无选择状况. 本文对于理论研究和实践上都有着贡献. 对于市场营销人员来说, 他们可能需要根据顾客的划分来考虑产品的共同特性. 理论上, 研究结果支持共同特性和无选择状况的调节变量. 最后, 本文也有一些不足, 例如过于强调态度的重要性等. 我们希望本文能够为未来的研究做出抛砖引玉的作用.

• 지역연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-50
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• 1992

The aim of this paper is to define major factors influencing land development of each of major uses (residential, commercial, industrial) in the process of rapid urban expansion. The main hypothesis of this study is that land use changing patterns are directed by supply side of land managed to public policies rather than demand side. The graphic analysis is applied to relationships between urban growth and land development process of each use and between land development project managed to public policies and land development process. Public and land development projects and zonning protection seem to be major roles of land supply and main determinants of urban spatial structure. Location factors for land development of each uses are selected in 23 variables. Factor analysis is applied to test correlation between variables in 1971 and 1981. Factor structure between two years is similar, but progressive processing of functional separation is derived such as intensive land use is grouped, different location between residential and industrial use is deep. Dependent variables are standardized to logarithm of land development of each use per unit vacant land in two periods, between 1971 and 1980 year and between 1981 year. Correlation analysis between 6 dependent variables and 23 location factors in each years are applied. Major factors of each use are selected in criteria such as high correlation with dependent variables, low correlation between independent variables and common application in two periods. As the result, major factors for residential land development are Land Readjustment Project (LRP), percent of total zoned area in residential zone, residential floor space density per available area, percent of total area in industrial use; for commercial development is distance to CBD, percent of total area in commercial use, residential floor space density per available area in each year, and volumn rate of industrial use; for industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use is percent of total area of industrial use, Industrial Estate Project (IES), LRP, and distance from CBD. Land development pattern of each use between two periods are slightly different. So 6 equation is derived from appling backward method of regession. Adjusted multiple R squares of all is more than 0.5 and those equation is statistically significant and valuable to assist urban land use forecasting.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

청소로봇이나 경비로봇과 같이 실내에서 이동하며 작업하는 로봇에서는 센서를 통한 환경의 인식이 필수적이다. 사무실 빌딩이나 공동주택의 경우 기본적인 환경이 동일하므로 설계도와 같은 공통된 지도를 이용하면 개별 환경마다 지도를 재작성하는 것보다 유리한 점이 있다. 이때 가구나 장애물 등 위치가 바뀔 수 있는 대상의 정보는 제거하고, 벽, 문, 창 등 불변의 대상을 인식하는 것이 중요하다. 이 논문에서는 사무실이나 가정환경에서 사용할 수 있는 실험용 이동로봇을 구현하고, 레이저스캐너의 정보와 세그먼트의 방향, 위치에 의한 히스토그램 방법을 이용하여 이와 같은 불변의 특징을 추출한다. 로봇에는 레이저스캐너, 자이로 센서, 초음파 센서, 적외선 센서 등이 탑재되며 제어프로그램은 C 프로그램으로 작성되었다.