• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2011

The fishing grounds of Korean large-pair trawlers have shifted since exclusive economic zones (EEZs) were established in a fisheries agreement involving countries neighboring Korean waters. The distributions of marine ecosystems and fisheries resources have been changing with environmental changes such as global warming and with the shift in species targeted as a result of changes in fishing technology and fishing gear. This study analyzed variation in the species assemblages caught in Korean waters by large-pair trawlers as a result of these geopolitical and environmental changes. The data used in this study were obtained from the Fishery Production Statistics of Korea and the Port Sample Survey of the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) from 1990 to 2007. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and correspondence analysis (CA) were used to explore the characteristics of the catch-species composition. The overall variation in the species composition of the catch of Korean large-pair trawlers showed that the proportions of croaker Johnius grypotus, small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, eel Anguilla japonica, and blue crab Portunus trituberculatus decreased, whereas those of hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, anchovy Engraulis japonicus, and common squid Todarodes pacificus increased in Korean waters over the 18-year period. The results of the HCA of the annual catch data by species showed four different distributions of fish species according to year. Results of the CA showed that the species assemblages differed between the 1990s and 2000s.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.169-173
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• 2010

This study evaluated the effects of gamma ray irradiation on the safety of dried seafood products. Dried salted squid, Engraulis japonica, Hizikia fusiformis, Mytilus coruscus, and Porphyra tenera were gamma-irradiated at doses of 0, 1, 3, and 5 kGy. The total bacterial populations were then enumerated on total plate count agar, and bacteria isolated from the samples were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition, the isolated strains were inoculated in the products to determine $D_{10}$ values. The total bacterial populations in the dried seafood products ranged from 3.40 to 6.59 log CFU/g, and those of yeasts and molds ranged from 2.21 to 4.56 log CFU/g. The sequence analysis identified Staphylococcus sp. as the most common species in the dried seafood products, except for dried P. tenera. The $D_{10}$ values of the contaminating bacteria were lower than 0.7 kGy, except for Deinococcus sp., which had a value of 1.39 kGy. This study demonstrated that gamma irradiation could be used to improve the safety of dried seafood products.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2008

To develop a whitening agent, cytotoxicity of the soluble collagen isolated from Todarodes pacificus (CIT) was evaluated. CIT tested for cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast (CCD-986sk) was exhibited very low cytotoxicity. Because tyrosinase is the key enzyme for melanin biosynthesis, the use of various tyrosinase inhibitors is a common practice for whitening purpose in cosmetics. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin production assay were measured to confirm the whitening effect. The inhibitory effect of MMP-1 in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblast was also performed. CIT showed strong inhibition potency on tyrosinase by 51.5% at 0.2 mg/mL which increased the inhibition by increasing the concentration of CIT, and showed 69.1% inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL. CIT showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production with 82% at 1.0 mg/mL. The CIT also reduced about 76% expression of MMP-1 in UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cell at 1.0 mg/mL. From the preliminary observations, we suggest that the collagen isolated from CIT could be a potential source of natural skin-whitening and anti-aging agents for the photo-damaged skin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.811-817
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• 2013

The present study dealt with the isolation, identification and enzyme characterization of potential luminous bacteria from water, sediment, squid, and cuttle fish samples of the Karaikal coast, Bay of Bengal, India during the study period September 2007 - August 2008. Bioluminescent strains were screened in SWC agar and identified using biochemical tests. As Shewanella henadai was found to be the most common and abundant species with maximum light emission [69,702,240 photons per second (pps)], the optimum ranges of various physicochemical parameters that enhance the luciferase activity in Shewanella hanedai were worked out. The maximum luciferase activity was observed at the temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ (69,674,387 pps), pH of 8.0 (70,523,671 pps), salinity of 20 ppt (71,674,387 pps), incubation period of 16 h (69,895,714 pps), 4% peptone (70,895,152 pps) as nitrogen source, 0.9% glycerol (71,625,196 pps), and the ionic supplements of 0.3% $CaCO_3$ (73,991,591 pps), 0.3% $K_2HPO_4$ (73,919,915 pps), and 0.2% $MgSO_4$ (72,161,155 pps). Shewanella hanedai was cultured at optimum ranges for luciferase enzyme characterization. From the centrifuged supernatant, the proteins were precipitated with 60% ammonium sulfate, dialyzed, and purified using anion-exchange chromatography, and then luciferase was eluted with 500 mM phosphate of pH 7.0. The purified luciferase enzyme was subjected to SDS-PAGE and the molecular mass was determined as 78 kDa.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.475-481
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• 1996

초임계유체를 이용하여 간단하고, 신속하고, 저렴하게 식품 중의 잔류농약을 추출, 정제하는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 10종의 유기염소계 농약에 대하여 ppm수준의 농도에서 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 추출 온도 및 압력 등 추출조건을 달리하여 추출수율을 측정하였다. 초임계 이산화탄소 추출에 의한 유기염소계 잔류농약 표준용액의 회수율은 103bar에서 추출온도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 유기염소계 잔류농약 표준용액의 최대 평균 회수율은 $40^{\circ}C/172\;bar.$에서 98.3%였다. 대구, 넙치, 오징어에 첨가한 유기염소계 농약의 평균 첨가회수율은 $40^{\circ}C/172\;bar.$에서 각각 85.6, 74.6, 83.0%였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.508-516
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• 2021

Although scientist have been reporting recently that changes in ocean environment influence the species composition, movements, and growth of fish in Korea waters. Previous studies on fish vulnerability owing to climate changes are insufficient to explain the effect of fluctuating ocean environments on fisheries ground. In this study, we suggested a method for the assessment of fisheries sensitivity to various factors in ocean environments in Korean waters. To evaluate the fisheries sensitivity, catch data (Chub mackerel, Hairtail, Common squid, small yellow croaker) from National federation of fisheries cooperatives in Korea (1991-2017) and oceanographic data from Korea Ocean Data Center (KODC; 1960-2017) were normalized using the z-score method. Thereafter, the fisheries sensitivity was calculated using the difference between the catch data and the oceanographic data. Finally, the fisheries sensitivity was evaluated based on evaluation grade ratings. Result revealed that in the south sea, variability in catch data was obviously higher than environmental fluctuation (evaluation grade 1), indicating that catch variability in response to environmental change is most sensitive in the south sea among Korean waters in 2017. These results would be helpful for fishery management and policy for sustainable yield in Korean waters.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1977

Nutrition counselors in Korea often encounter difficulty in their attempt to change village women's attitudes regarding food taboos which are counter to good eating habits. There are a great many food superstitions which are not due to religious influence, but seem to be related to shape and composition of food. Many expectant mothers superstitiously avoid eating certain foods for fear that they may cause mental or physical abnormality in their babies. As was shown in a previous survey (Mo, 1966)of villages in all provinces except Jeju Island, such superstitions were common among pregnant and lactating mothers. Many food taboos and superstitions based on non-scientific and irrational ideas do exist even in modern society, and are a major obstacle to nutritionally adequate food consumption. A study of food taboos among women of Jeju Island was undertaken from November to December of 1976, these results to be compared as well with those of the previous study. There were 73 items found to be prohibited during pregnancy. Of these, 48.7% were of the deaf group, 17.4% fish, 5.5% eggs, 4.7% cereal, and only 2.2% fruit. Of 252% women respondents, 111 (45% ) abstained from eating chicken, duck, and shark because of the belief that they would cause their babies to be born with gooseflesh or shark skin. Many of them avoided rabbit meat for fear that their babies might be born with harelip. It was also feared that a baby would become disfigured if his mother ate duck, goat, dog meat, chicken or duck eggs, or soup made of bones. A common superstition was that highly spiced or salty foods would cause the fetus to be hairless. Squid and octopus were believed to cause babies to have weak bones, or none at all. Most of these food taboos were associated with fears concerning Physical structure and appearance of unborn babies. Other taboos were associated with fear of undesirable behavioral characteristics. For example, some mothers thought that a baby would pinch or bite the mother's breast during the weaning period, if crab meat were eaten during pregnancy. Unevenly sliced rice cake, loach, snake meat and eel were also believed to cause a baby to be ill-tempered. The findings of this study are remarkably similar to those of the previous study conducted by the authour in 1966. Most of the same food taboos, based on non-scientific and irrational reasons, were found on Jeju Island as on the peninsula, and thor were similarly wide-spread. The results of correlational analysis show that the most significant factors related to prevalence of food taboos, are level of education and religious background. Number of food taboos is correlated with level of education. Also, food taboos are least freqent among the Christian woman. Proper nutrition education should he undertaken in order to encourage intake of protein-rich food, particularly during pregnancy when nutritional needs of mother and fetus are great.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.428-438
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• 2008

본 연구는 한국인 상용 식품의 콜린 함량을 분석하기 위하여 2001년도 국민건강영양조사의 다소비 식품과 다빈도 식품 185종에 대하여 choline oxidase 효소법을 사용하여 식품의 총 콜린함량을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 식품 100 g당 총 콜린 함량이 높은 식품은 메추리알 476.04mg, 마른 오징어가 452.42 mg, 소고기간 427.16 mg, 돼지고기간 424.92 mg, 참치통조림 414.44 mg, 멸치 381.30mg, 북어 378.88 mg, 달걀 309.88 mg, 닭고기간 259.38mg, 대두 238.62 mg로 건조어류, 동물의 간, 난류와 두류가 고콜린 식품으로 분류될 수 있겠고, 그 뒤를 이어 마늘빵이 193.18 mg, 쌀보리가 182.73 mg으로 곡류도 상당한 콜린 급원식품인 것으로 나타났다. 채소류와 과일류에서 낮은 콜린 함량을 보였으며, 또한 유자차, 녹차에서도 1 mg 이하의 낮은 콜린 함량을 보였다. 고춧가루, 맥주, 소주, 콩기름, 옥수수 기름 등에서는 콜린이 검출되지 않았다. 채소류, 과일류, 조미료류와 식물성 유지류가 저 콜린식품임을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 건조어류, 어류 가공품과 간, 난류, 두류, 곡류가 고콜린군 식품이며, 식물성 식품에서는 두류와 곡류 및 그 제품이, 동물성 식품에서는 어패류, 난류, 육류가 콜린의 주요 급원식품임을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 Zeisel의 결과에 비해 크게 상이한 결과를 보인 쌀이나 밀가 루 등 일부 식품에 대한 보다 정확한 분석절차에 대한 연구가 뒤따라야 하리라고 본다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1162-1168
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• 2000

아동들의 수산식품에 대한 기호도를 조사하고 수산식품 선호도 및 섭취빈도에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 상관을 알아보기 위하여 부산시 부산진구 K초등학교의 4, 5, 6 학년 학생 및 학부모를 대상으로 설문지법을 이용하여 2000년 2월 8일부터 2월 22일까지 조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 영양지식 점수는 남학생과 여학생간의 차이는 보이지 않았고, 영양지식과 식생활태도와의 상관관계는 남학생은 r=.162 여학생은 r=.115로 영양지식이 많을수록 식생활 태도가 유의적으로 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 김-김치-게-오징어-고등어-갈치-새우가 좋아하는 수산식품이었으며, 굴- 미더덕-젓갈류는 싫어하는 식품으로 나타났다. 수산식품의 섭취빈도에는 어린이 식생활태도, 어머니의 학력 및 어머니의 권유정도가 유의적인 영향을 미치는 변수로 나타났고, 자신의 영양 지식 및 식생활 태도, 어머니의 권유정도가 수산식품을 꼭 섭취해야한다는 생각에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 성별이나 가족형태, 월식생활비 및 어머니의 식생활 태도에 따른 수산식품 섭취빈도의 차이는 보이지 않고 어머니의 교육수준에 따라 어린이들의 수산식품 섭취빈도에 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 어머니의 권유도가 클수록 섭취빈도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 성장과 건강유지에 필요한 식품을 골고루 섭취하게 할려면, 식습관 형성시기인 초등학교 학생들에게 식품과 영양에 대한 바른 영양정보를 제공하고 올바른 식생활을 유도할 수 있는 체계적인 영양교육이 활성화되어 수산식품의 섭취 필요성에 대한 인식을 고취시키고 선호도를 높일 수 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 동시에 균형있고 다양한 식품선택의 중요성을 인식하고 가정에서도 적절한 영양관리 및 지도가 이루어질 수 있도록 부모 영양교육 프로그램의 개발 및 실시가 병행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.45-67
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• 2008

Ocean climate variables ($1900{\sim}2005$), time series of catches ($1910{\sim}2005$) and body size data were used to assess the year-to-year and decadal scale fluctuations in abundance of the fish populations (Japanese sardine, anchovy, jack mackerel, chub mackerel, Pacific saury and common squid) that have spawning grounds in the East China Sea and its adjacent regions. A negative correlation between the abundance of pelagic fishes (e.g. jack mackerel) in the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) region and the Kuroshio-Oyashio Current (KOC) region was attributed to the climatic modulation of larval transport and recruitment, which depends on the winter monsoon-induced drift, current systems, and spawning season and site. The changes in abundance and alternation of dominant fish populations in the two regions in the 1930s, 1970s, and late 1980s mirrored changes in the climate indices (ALPI, AOI and MOI). Oscillations in the decadal climate shifts between the two regions led to zonal differences in larval transport and recruitment, and hence differences in the abundance of the pelagic fish populations. During deep Aleutian Lows, as in the 1980s, larval transport from the East China Sea to the KOC region increases in association with the strong winter Asian monsoon, cool regime and increased volume transport of the Kuroshio Current systems, whereas during a weak Aleutian Low (as in the 1990s), larval transport to the TWC region increased in association with a weak winter Asian monsoon, a warm regime, and increased volume transport of the Tsushima current system. We postulate that the increased chub mackerel abundance in the TWC region and the decreased abundance in the KOC region in the 1990s are partly attributed to changes in recruitment and availability to the fishing fleets under the warm regime in the spawning and nursery grounds in the East China Sea in association with the quasi-steady state of mild winter monsoon in the 1990s. The fluctuations in chub mackerel and jack mackerel abundance are under the environment-dependant growth form, although the tropicalization was identified in the TWC region. The density-dependant growth form was found in Japanese sardine populations, but no tropicalization by fishing was identified in the long ($10{\sim}15$ year) periods of abundance despite their short ($3{\sim}4$ year) generation time, suggesting that the environment-dependant growth form drove the changes in abundance. Year-to-year and decadal scale variations in abundance and population structure of the Pacific saury responded to climate regime shifts (1976/1977, 1988/1989), suggesting that the fish is a key bio-indicators for changes in the ecosystem.