• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2018

Goldfish hematopoietic necrosis (GHN) affects hematopoietic organs and causes high mortality in goldfish. The causative agent of GHN is cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2). The purpose of this study was to detect CyHV-2 in ornamental cyprinid fish. CyHV-2 monitoring was conducted on a monthly basis for 1 year using goldfish Carassius auratus and pearlscale goldfish Carassius auratus that had been cultured at a domestic aquafarm and imported from Singapore, respectively. The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays using specific primers for the CyHV-2 helicase gene showed that 27.8% of goldfish and 33.3% of pearlscale goldfish were positive for CyHV-2. No cytophatic effects were detected in koi fin or common carp brain cells inoculated with tissue homogenates from either fish. Our data provides the useful data for establishing future quarantine and disinfection policies.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2007

The Ministry of Environment plans to introduce the Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) system in Korea. The WET test is well established in developed countries with recognizing of the limitations of physicochemical analysis method and potential risk of chemicals in water medium. Therefore, it is essential to build the ecotoxicity infrastructure for the induction of WET test. In this study, we extensively collected the domestic and foreign toxicity test methods which employ native test species to Korea. And we suggested that the domestic ecotoxicity test methods with domestic test species in Korea through extracting the range of test conditions. Five domestic fish species selected were Carassiu auratus (Crucian carp), Cyprinus carpio(Common carp), Gasterosteus aculeatus (Three spine stickleback), Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Oriental weather fish) and Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka), The toxicity test methods with native test species to Korea were collected from the standard methods (OECD, U.S. EPA, ASTM), government reports, SCI papers and domestic papers. We collected the 32 test methods, and suggested the suitable aquatic toxicity test methods for fish. It is expected that this study could prove a useful information to establish the ecotoxicity test methods with domestic aquatic organisms in Korea henceforth.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.97-103
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• 1972

In this paper, the effects of some additives to the quality of fish cake such as salt, polyphosphate, and starch were tested. Besides, that of washing and alterative heating procedure were also discussed. From the result of quality test by measuring jelly strength and sensory evaluation the product was quite palatable to common, and the addition of salt and starch as 3 and 5 to 15 percent respectively, resulted in the best jelly strength of the product, it was markedly enforced when a small amount of polyphosphate ($0.3\%$) was added. It is suggested for a processing method of carp meat fish cake that meat is to be bleached by wasing at least 8 times repeatedly with tenfold tap water by volume of meat, and that the meat is previously chilled at 2 to $3^{\circ}C$ for so minutes and ground thoroughly with addition of 3 percent of salt, 5 to 15 percent starch, and 0.3 percent polyphosphate, and finally heat processed by two stages: at first, heated for 1 hour at $35^{\circ}C$ and alteratively heated for 30 minutes at $90^{\circ}C$ as the final.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 1986

The carp (Cyprinus carpio) used in the experiment were hatched in the spring this year and reared to 5.96g($4.84{\sim}6.55g$) in mean weight in a nursery pond at Daeyon fish farm, Pusan, Korea. The sample fish were exposed to different conditions of total ammonia (TA-N) concentrations 10, 20 and 30ppm and pH 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0 at water temperatures 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After the procedure, the gill, liver and kidney of the fish were examined histopathologically. In this experiment, with the rise of water temperature, increase of pH and ammonia concentration, and the extension of exposure time the three organs showed the tendency of apparent abnormal changes such as hypertrophy and necrosis in their tissues. At $20^{\circ}C$ of water temperature gill tissue did not show any abnormality regardless of the change of pH at 10 ppm of ammonia concentration for 24 hours of exposure, but beyond the conditions given above, there occurred hypertrophy and the epithelium of gill lamellae was detached. The detach of gill lamellae epithelium initiated from the proximal part of the gill lamellae then gradually spread toward the uppermost tip. The heavier vacuolation of the liver was observed with the rise of water temperature and pH, and such morbid state in the liver was considered to be the result of edema in the liver tissue. The kidney showed no damage to the renal tubule epithelium at pH 6.5, but it was damaged at pH 8.0 when exposed to 30 ppm ammonia at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1974

Since the summer of the year 1972 ulcer disease of common carp, colour carp ana goldfish had suddenly spread widely and caused a serious mortality at fish farms especially around Gim-hae and Yang-san, near Busan. The present study aimed to find out the causative organisms, histopathological changes and the way of treatment, and the results are summarized as follows : Two kinds of pathogenic bacteria, i. e, Chondrococcus columnaris and Aeromonas sp. were isolated from the mucus of the lesion. According to the macroscopic findings, these symptoms began with the hemorrhagic spots under scales which fell out, after the collapse of the dermis, which was followed by lesion to form ulcer, and then the muscle was exposed. The fin was eroded mostly from the distal part, but sometimes from the basal part. Gills showed grey colour, and this part of the tissue collapsed. According to the histopathological findings, the dermis was exposed after the collapsed of the epithelium of the skin, and the necrosis of the musculature occurred, the muscular fibre being destroyed. The epithelial cells of gill tissue proliferated, thus gill filaments were conglutinated and collapsed. Fatty degeneration happened at the liver but the other organs seem to be normal. Treatment with the following mixtures were effective the water temperature of $22\~25^{\circ}C$, but not effective when the temperature was under as low as $13\~15^{\circ}C$. Mixture 1. Aivet (HB-115.HCI) 0.3ppm Malachite green 0.2ppm. Dipterex 0.4ppm Mixture 2. Furanace (P-7138) 0.05ppm Malachite green 0.2ppm Dipterex 0.4ppm When lesion healed, the epithelium, dermis, and the muscular fibre were regenerated.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.1 s.106
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• pp.122-129
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• 2004

In an effort to develop the biomarker for monitoring the contamination of xenoestrogen in the freshwater environment of Korea, reverse transcription-polymerasechain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of vitellogenin (VTG) gene expression was optimized in Hearisarsus Iaseo, Based on the homology of the VTG cDNA sequences between the common carp and zebra fish, a set of PCR primers for VTG mRNA amplification for H; labo was designed. VTG mRNA level in livers from female and male fishes was analyzed by RT-PCR following single injection of 17 beta estradiol($E_2$ 10 mg $kg^{-1}$ B.W.). As an internal control, beta actin mRNA was amplified. One us of total liver RNA was subjected to RT-PCR. In female the amount of PCR productof VfC gradually increased in the range from 16 to 34 cycles of amplification. On the contrary, in control male, PCR product first detected at 32 cycles of amplification and linearly increased up to 40 cycles of amplification. In $E_2$ injected male liver, the VTC mRNA level was similar to that in the female. Taken together, this result suggests that liver of male H. labo expresses minute amount of VTG mRNA which are2-l6 equivalent of female and that induction of VTG mRNA occurs in male liver after estrogen treatment. In conclusion, the optimized protocol for RT-PCR analysis of VTG mRNA expression in liver of male H. labo will provide the environmental monitoring method for the xenoestrogen contamination in the rivers in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1986

Vibriosis has caused severe losses among cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinquerediata) at some cage farms in Korea in recent years. Major object of this study was to investigate the causative organism of the diseased cultured yellowtail. The samples were collected from the aquarium of Fisheries Research & Development Agency during the period from November 1984 to January 1985. The experimental results are summarized as follows ; Among the isolated bacteria from the diseased yellowtail, Vibrio sp. isolated from the kidney was considered to he the causative organism. Tetracycline, chloramphenicol and gentamycin were observed as bacteriostatic agents to the pathogenic strain, but sulfisomezole and sulfisoxasole were not. When the isolated strain was injected intramuscularly to yellowtail, rid sea-bream, rock-bream and common carp, it had virulence at $25^{\circ}C$ to all fish examined but to virulence at $15^{\circ}C$ except for yellowtail.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.797-805
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• 2008

The present study was investigated on type 2 diabetics' actual status of anti-diabetic functional food intake by patients who came to oriental medicine clinics in Daejeon. The male was 37.3% and female was 62.7% of the subjects. The onset of the disease was most common in the age of 50's. Also 40% of the subjects have been suffering for more than 5 years. 35.7% of men, 53.2% for women had family history. Also 61.5% of the patients chose to carry out both diabetic therapy and exercise at the same time. 69.3% of the subjects have had experiences in anti-diabetic functional foods. Anti-diabetic functional foods used to surveyed people were bean, ginseng, and ginseng steamed red of which efficacies were already well known. Besides these foods, other foods such as loach, crucian carp were also used as anti-diabetic foods, but their benefits as anti-diabetic functional foods are not yet fully investigated. Subjects first knew about the therapy because friends or relatives recommended to them and most of them have used for 6 months to 1 year. However, 78.9% of subjects answered 'not so effective' in a question about satisfaction of anti-diabetic functional food. Although many of the patients have tried taking functional foods, they only use them for short period of time and they don't show prominent effect. Therefore these results suggest that in order to use scientifically studied functional foods, education about anti-diabetic functional foods should taken.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

By testing the separation performance for a fine settleable solid removal system in an aquaculture system using polystyrene particles as an experimental substitute, the optimal geometric dimensions for a Low-Pressure Hydrocyclone (LPH) were obtained. The design approach far the LPH took into consideration two inflow diameters (Di: 30, 50 mm), three overflow diameters (Do: 60, 70, 100 mm) and four cylinder lengths (Lc: 250, 345, 442, 575 mm), while the cylinder diameter (Dc) at 335 mm, the underflow diameter (Du) at 50 mm and the cone angle (${\theta}$) at $68^{\circ}$ were kept constant. The separation performances of 19 different dimension combinations of LPH were tested, ranging from 300 to 1200 ml/sec of inflow rate using substitute polystyrene particles (0.4-0.7 mm dia., ${\rho}_s=1.05g/cm^3$). These polystyrene particles exhibit a similar density and settling velocity to the fine fecal debris of the common carp. The total separation efficiency for the inflow rate ranged from a high of 97% to a low of 20%. Experimental results obtained by ANCOVA and the Tukey test (${\alpha}=0.05$) showed that the separation performances of the LPH were significantly affected (P<0.05) by the fi, Di, Do and Lc. The maximum separation performance was detected at a dimension combination of 30 mm of inflow diameter (Di), 60 mm of overflow diameter (Do), 442 and 575 mm of cylinder length (Lc). The dimension proportions were 0.09, 1.32-1.72, 0.18 and 0.15 for Di/Dc, Lc/Dc, Do/Dc and Du/Dc respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 1997

Metagonimus miyatai n. sp. (Digenea: Heterophyidae) is described based on adult flukes collected from experimental dogs and hamsters fed with metacercariae encysted in the sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis, dace, Tribolodon hakonensis and T. taczanowskii, common fat-minnow. Morocco steindachneri pale chub, Zacco platypus, and dark chub, Zacco temmincki, and on those collected from naturally infected humans. The new species was morphologically compared with M. yokogawai and M. takahashii obtained from experimental animals fed with the sweetflsh and the crucian carp, Cnrossius caressius, respectively. The uterine loops of M. miyatai reached near the posterior end of the body through the space between the two testes, whereas those of M. yokogawai, occupied only the space between the acetabulum and anterior border of two testes. This uterine tubule distribution was similar to that of another closely related species, M. takahashii. However vitellaria of M. miyatai ended in front of the posterior end of the left testis, while those of M. takahcshii reached the posterior end of the left testis and ran it over. By raising M. miyatai as a new species, differentiation of M. yokogawai and M. takahashii became very clear. A key to the species of the genus Metagonimus in the Far East has been proposed.