• 비교문화연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.295-319
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• 2011

This study examines how Latinidad can be reclaimed as a site for exploring affinities of Latinos in Latin music industry, especially from the 90s. By looking at sites where Latinidad is constituted, such as the case of Jennifer $L{\acute{o}}pez$ becoming Selena, it intends to suggest that the concept can be deployed as a political bridge to connect latinos. And by examining Cuban-American artists' self identification in Latin Grammy Awards, it reveals that the latin music business definitions of Latinidad is coded differently for them as 'Caribbean' to erase a natural resonance of Cuba. In addition, by dealing with Shakira's somewhat contradictory representation of Colombianidad, the study argues that Latinidad serves as a social construct and newly emerges as a convenient interstitial place between the Latin American and the US Latino. Shakira's case serves to show how the transnational trends of latin music contribute to create a simultaneous sense of Latinidad and Colombianidad. Focusing on the commercial significance of understanding of what latino is or should be, this paper aims to interrogate current understandings of Latinidad in the realm of latin music and popular culture.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2021

A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin. This paper explores ways to protect Korean goods as GIs in the U.S. and EU by examining the efforts of the Colombian Coffee Federation (FNC) to protect Colombian coffee. The FNC enhanced the global awareness of Colombian coffee and increased the profits of Colombian coffee producers by registering Colombian coffee as a certification mark in the U.S. and as a GI under the EU's quality schemes. The Korean government protects kimchi under its own GI system. For kimchi products to earn the label "Korean kimchi," the three main ingredients must be produced in Korea. This has been a challenge for kimchi producers, who often rely on imported ingredients. Korea could learn from FNC's strategies to improve the current GI system for kimchi.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.210-230
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• 1995

To compare the wear resistance of four kinds of commercial acrylic resin teeth [SR-Orthosit PosterioresR(Ivoclar Co., Liechtenstein), Endura PosteriorR(Shofu Inc. Japan), trubyte IPN teethR(Dentsply International Inc., York,), Trubyte BiotoneR(dentsply Inermational Inc. Brazil) by means of the toothbrush abrasion method, the artificial resin teeth were embedded in epoxy resin with the occlusal surfaces aligned in one plane for a total of 40 blocks. There after, each lock was mounted in the arm of the toothbrush abrasion machine(K 236, Japan). Wear measurements were made on the three preconditioned states. Those were as follows : no treatment specimens, thermocycled specimens, and thermocycled specimens which were immeresed applied load of 400g during the buring the brushing cycle. At the end of the 30,000-stroke cycle, each specimen was removed, and weighed. The microhardness of four kinds of commercial resin teeth were determined by means of microhardness tester. Microhardness tests were performed on te no treatment specimens, thermocycled specimens, and thermocycled specimens with immersion in the denture cleansing solution. Finally, the comparison of thermal properties were perfomed using differential scanning calorimeter(DSC-1500). The following results were obtained : 1. In the case of no treatment teeth, the wear amount of endura Posterior(EN) was the greatest among the others(p<0.01), and the wear amount of three kinds of artificial resin teeth was increased in the order of Trubyte IPN teeth(IN), Trubyte Biotone(BN), SR-Orthosit Posteriores(SN) but there was no statistic significance(p>0.01). 2. The wear amount of Trubyte IPN teeth(IT) and Trubyte Biotone(BT), was increased due to thermocycling effect, but that of Endura Posteriores(ET) was decreased conversely(p<0.01). 3. Except for the SR-Orthosit Posteriores(STC), the wear amount of three kinds of artificial resing teeth(that is, ETC, ITC, BTC) was increased due to denture cleansing solution$(Cledent^R)$, but there was no statistic significance(p>0.01). But the wear amount of the SR-Orthosit Posteriores(STC) was the greatest among the others(p<0.01). 4. The wear amount of toothbrush was the greatest in case of contact with occlusal surface of SROrthosit Posteriores resin teeth(p<0.01). 5. the microhardness values(KHN) of the SR-Orthosit Posteriores was the highest among the experimental artificial resin teeth(p<0.01). 6. There was no relationship between microhardness valuse(KHN) and wear amount of four kinds of experimental artificial resin teeth(p<0.01). 7. The differential canning calorimetric property of four kinds of artificial resin teeth did not show endothermal or exothermal peak in the range of $100^{\circ}C$

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.325-333
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 김치와 묵은지의 미생물 군집 구조와 이화학적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 김치와 묵은지의 이화학적 특성 분석 결과 묵은지 시료들의 pH가 김치보다 더 낮았으며, 산도는 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 김치와 묵은지 간의 염도에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 김치에서 당도가 묵은지보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. α-diversity 분석 결과 김치와 묵은지 사이에 종 추정치와 종 풍부도 지수는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 계통발생학적 차이를 반영한 phylogenetic diversity 지수는 묵은지에서 김치보다 유의한 수준으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 김치와 묵은지의 미생물 군집을 생물학적 분류수준에 따라 분석한 결과 두 그룹 모두 공통적으로 과(family) 수준에서 Lactobacillaceae가 가장 우점하였으나, 높은 내산성을 갖거나 김치 내에서 높은 성장 경쟁력을 갖는 것으로 알려진 Pediococcus 속과 Lactobacillus 속 유산균의 상대적인 분포가 묵은지에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 김치와 묵은지의 전체 미생물 군집 구조에 통계학적으로 차이가 있는지 분석하기 위해 beta set-significance 분석을 수행한 결과 김치와 묵은지 두 그룹의 전체 미생물 군집구조가 통계학적으로 신뢰수준에서 매우 다른 것으로 나타났으며, 김치에서 상대적으로 높은 Weissella kandleri의 분포와 묵은지에서 상대적으로 높은 Pediococcus inopinatus의 높은 분포가 김치와 묵은지의 전체 미생물 군집 구조 차이에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of the present study was to validate genes and genomic regions associated with carcass weight using a low-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Chip in Hanwoo cattle breed. Methods: Commercial Hanwoo steers (n = 220) were genotyped with 20K GeneSeek genomic profiler BeadChip. After applying the quality control of criteria of a call rate ${\geq}90%$ and minor allele frequency (MAF) ${\geq}0.01$, a total of 15,235 autosomal SNPs were left for genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. The GWA tests were performed using single-locus mixed linear model. Age at slaughter was fitted as fixed effect and sire included as a covariate. The level of genome-wide significance was set at $3.28{\times}10^{-6}$ (0.05/15,235), corresponding to Bonferroni correction for 15,235 multiple independent tests. Results: By employing EMMAX approach which is based on a mixed linear model and accounts for population stratification and relatedness, we identified 17 and 16 loci significantly (p<0.001) associated with carcass weight for the additive and dominant models, respectively. The second most significant (p = 0.000049) SNP (ARS-BFGL-NGS-28234) on bovine chromosome 4 (BTA4) at 21 Mb had an allele substitution effect of 43.45 kg. Some of the identified regions on BTA2, 6, 14, 22, and 24 were previously reported to be associated with quantitative trait loci for carcass weight in several beef cattle breeds. Conclusion: This is the first genome-wide association study using SNP chips on commercial Hanwoo steers, and some of the loci newly identified in this study may help to better DNA markers that determine increased beef production in commercial Hanwoo cattle. Further studies using a larger sample size will allow confirmation of the candidates identified in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.48-64
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the free vibrational properties of traditional and replaceable species for sounding board, using piezoelectrical accelerometer and signal analyzer. In the study, the frequency equations of free-free beam carrying a concentrated mass in the transverse vibration and of free-mass beam in the longitudinal vibration were used. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Average values of dynamic modulus of rigidity of Korean commercial species measured were as follows. Paulownia tomatosa (Thunb.) Steudel: $5.590\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Tilia amurensis Rupr.: $5.414\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Macckia amurensis Rupr.: $10.044\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.: $8.876\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Ulmus davidiana var.japonica Nakai: $8.677\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Pinus rigida Miller: $6.33\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance: $4.666\times10^9\;dyne/cm^2$ 2. The ratio of dynamic transverse Young's modulus to dynamic modulus of rigidity, $E_T/G_{LT}$, was 24.922 for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, which was the highest, 7.317 for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, which was the lowest among Korean commercial species measured. 3. The value of longitudinal dynamic Young's modulus was about 3.7% and 19.8%, respectively, higher than those of transverse dynamic and static Young's modulus. The value of transverse dynamic Young's modulus was about 15.5% higher than that of static Young's modulus. 4. Predicted value of MOR in terms of correlation coefficient by transverse dynamic Young's modulus was slightly higher than that of static Young's modulus, but no significance was found out. 5. Transverse dynamic Youne's modulus was $(2.002\pm0.288)\times10^{11}\;dyne/cm^2$ for Fraxinus mandshurlca Rupr., which was the highest, $(0.601\pm0.100)\times10^{11}\;dyne/cm^2$ for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel, which was the lowest among Korean commercial species measured. The sound velocity of sitka spruce was 5,685 m/sec, which was the highest. 6. Internal friction of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel was shown the lowest value among Korean commercial species, $(8.795\pm1.795)\times10^{-3}$, but was higher than that of sitka spruce, $(7.331\pm0.991)\times10^{-3}$. Internal friction was shown negative correlation with density and dynamic Young's modulus, respectively. 7. K value was affected largely by internal friction and was the highest, $2.225\times10^8$ for Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel and was the lowest, $0.550\times10^8$ for Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. K value of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel was higher than that of sitka spruce and K values of melapi and cottonwood, which have been considered to be replaceable species with sitka spruce in the piano industry, were lower than those of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steudel and mill amurensis Rupr.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

Interior design has diverse functions and roles according to recent changes in life and cultural style. As the meaning of space varies, the furniture as another element of the space should also be planned and included in the beginning of the project to accomplish its functional role on the finished space and not only be placed. The relationship between Interior space and furniture should be studied and understood at the same realm because they have a complementary relationship. The final destination of design, which is very challenging to accommodate people, the designer needs to approach to the interior space and furniture in a cognitive view. The study of Semiotics views in a knowledgeable and epistemological way every element as a sign and by the relationship of their characters it makes to understand the structure of the signs. Charles Sanders Peirce, a leader of Semiotics in USA, classified the structure of Sign into Representamen, Object and Interpretant to complete the theory which could systematically describe physical characteristic and function of the Sign and its significance in practical use. Peirce stated that all nine types of Sign would be generated if each structure of Sign in combined with three categories of Sign such as Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. In this study, based on Peirce's nine types of Sign, the interrelationship between space and furniture in interior design was investigated with examples in Living Space, Office Space, and Commercial Space, respectively. In the category of Representamen, which can be classified into Qualisign, Sinsign, and Legisign, it is a feature of Living Space to be expressed in harmonized and stabilized ways. In Office Space vertical/horizontal elements and open expression are differently showed depending on fields. And splendid and interesting expressions are showed in Commercial Space. In the category of Object, which can be classified into Icon, Index, and Symbol, each function of Sign has distinctly been showed as Symbol in Living Space, Index in Office Space, and Icon in Commercial Space, respectively. In the category of Interpretant, which can be classified into Rheme, Dicisign, and Argument, it was found that space image of Living Space is transferred to human being, Office Space regulates human bing, and Commercial Space binds human being with the space. In conclusion the function of the interior space and the furniture could be explained in another way with re-interpretation of interrelationship among interior space elements in the concept of Semiotics. It is expected that interpretation with Semiotics in interior design will grow to new theory of design.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2022

Unit capacity factor (utilization rate) of nuclear power plants (NPPs) is an important performance indicator. Since the first commercial operation of Kori Unit 1 began in April 1978, the utilization rate of domestic NPPs has gradually increased, reaching 90% from the end of the 1990s. However, due to various issues such as the Fukushima accident in 2011, corrosion of the CLP, the utilization rate dropped to 65~80%. In the early 1980s, the utilization rate of the U.S. NPPs was around 60%. However, since 2004, it has been consistently maintained above 90%. Therefore, in this study, we first examined the causes of declining the utilization rate in domestic NPPs. Next, the significances of the utilization rates are reviewed in five aspects: investment capability, electricity rate, safety and export, etc., with discussion on the current status of the utilization rates in the U.S. Based on this, three key factors are derived as the reasons of the increasing: equipment reliability program, on-line maintenance and the pursuit of institutional rationality. And finally, by synthesizing above results, the measures for increasing the utilization rate of domestic NPPs are proposed in terms of equipment management, institutional improvements, and personnel resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2008

Accurate estimation of dry matter intake (DMI) is a prerequisite to meet animal performance targets without penalizing animal health and the environment. The objective of the current study was to evaluate some of the existing models in order to predict DMI when lactating dairy cows were offered a total mixed ration containing a high level of concentrates and locally produced agricultural by-products. Six popular models were chosen for DMI prediction (Brown et al., 1977; Rayburn and Fox, 1993; Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat, 1999; National Research Council (NRC), 2001; Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), Fox et al., 2003; Fuentes-Pila et al., 2003). Databases for DMI comparison were constructed from two different sources: i) 12 commercial farm investigations and ii) a controlled dairy cow experiment. The model evaluation was performed using two different methods: i) linear regression analysis and ii) mean square error prediction analysis. In the commercial farm investigation, DMI predicted by Fuentes-Pila et al. (2003) was the most accurate when compared with the actual mean DMI, whilst the CNCPS prediction showed larger mean bias (difference between mean predicted and mean observed values). Similar results were observed in the controlled dairy cow experiment where the mean bias by Fuentes-Pila et al. (2003) was the smallest of all six chosen models. The more accurate prediction by Fuentes-Pila et al. (2003) could be attributed to the inclusion of dietary factors, particularly fiber as these factors were not considered in some models (i.e. NRC, 2001; CNCPS (Fox et al., 2003)). Linear regression analysis had little meaningful biological significance when evaluating models for prediction of DMI in this study. Further research is required to improve the accuracy of the models, and may recommend more mechanistic approaches to investigate feedstuffs (common to the Asian region), animal genotype, environmental conditions and their interaction, as the majority of the models employed are based on empirical approaches.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2013

본 연구는 개인의 길찾기 능력이 방문자태도에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 선행 문헌을 분석하여 길찾기와 길찾기 능력에 대해 살펴보았으며, 이러한 길찾기의 능력이 장소에 대한 방문자들의 태도와 어떠한 관계성이 있는 가를 확인하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 이용자들의 길찾기 능력은 이용만족도에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 이용자들의 길찾기 능력은 재방문의도에 부분적으로 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 이용자들의 길찾기 능력은 추천의도에 부분적으로 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 이용자들의 이용만족도는 재방문의도 및 추천의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 본 연구결과는 지하상업시설물이 갖는 공간구조상의 특성을 감안한 지상과는 다른 형태의 커뮤니케이션 디자인이 필요하다는 것, 특히 복합상업시설물이 갖는 서비스 공간의 주요 사항을 고려한 마케팅 전략이 필요하다는 실무적 의의를 갖는다고 할 수 있다.