• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

In this study, the numbers, sizes of particles from a single cylinder direct injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine fuelled with gasoline and LPG are examined over a wide range of engine operating conditions. Tests are conducted with various engine loads (2~10bar of IMEP) and fuel injection pressures (60, 90, and 120 bar) at the engine speed of 1,500 rpm. Particles are sampled directly from the exhaust pipe using rotating disk thermodiluter. The size distributions are measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and the particle number concentrations are measured using a condensation particle counter (CPC). The results show that maximum brake torque (MBT) timing for LPG fuel is less sensitive to engine load and its combustion stability is also better than that for gasoline fuel. The total particle number concentration for LPG was lower by a factor of 100 compared to the results of gasoline emission due to the good vaporization characteristic of LPG. Test result presents that LPG for direct injection spark ignition engine help the particle emission level to reduce.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2003

A 50W class MCFC stack was operated in order to test a new design of the circular shaped separator. in the new design, the anode gas was supplied into the stack and was exhausted out of the stack after the anode reaction. The exhausted gas was reacted with the cathode gas supplied with excess oxygen in the vessel in which the stack was placed. Then the reacted gas flowed into the cathode side of the stack and was exhausted through the outlet located in the center of the stack. The average voltage of the single cells in the stack was 0.835V under the current density of $150mA/cm^2$, initially, and the degradation rate of the stack voltage was 1.7%/1,000h. High stack voltage with good stability of the present stack was due to the small temperature gradient in the stack. The small temperature gradient as well as the easiness of temperature control was the result of the new configuration of the separator which utilized the heat of the combustion reaction between anode outlet gas and the cathode inlet gas for heating the stack.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

70 N급 하이드라진 추력기 개발모델의 압력 불안정 특성 고찰을 위한 지상연소시험을 수행하였다. 단일추진제급 하이드라진이 연소시험용 추진제로 선정되었고, 촉매대에는 $Ir/Al_2O_3$ 촉매를 충전하였다. 추력실 직경변화가 연소안정성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 길이직경비(L/D) 1.03, 1.13, 1.26을 갖는 하단 추력실을 시험변수로 적용한 성능평가가 수행되었다. 개발모델은 50 Hz 근처의 저주파 불안정 특성을 내재하고 있으며, L/D 증가 및 작동압력의 감소가 정체실의 압력진동을 증대시킨다는 사실이 확인되었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.435-441
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• 2010

To verify the possibility of a power generation system using biogas from the waste of pig farm for rural electric production, a SI gasoline engine is modified to use biogas fuel and was installed in a 20 KVA power generation system. An electronic speed regulation unit is developed to keep the system speed at 1500 rpm. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the performance characteristics of power generation system (such as: system frequency, phase output voltage,$\ldots$). In addition, the operating parameters and output emissions ($NO_x$, HC, and $CO_2$) of biogas-fueled engine are preliminary evaluated and analyzed for the change of system load. Results indicated that the researched power generation system shows a high stability of output voltage and frequency with help of speed regulator. Biogas fuel (mainly $CH_4$ and $CO_2$) has an environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for SI engine and they would not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Output emissions of biogas-fueled engine are found to be relative low. $NO_x$ emission increases with the increase of output electric power of the power generation system.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.210-222
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• 2020

Hydrogen is evaluated as one of new energy sources that can overcome the limitations and pollution problems of conventional fossil fuels. Although hydrogen is free from CO₂, attention is required in NOx emission and flame stability in order to use hydrogen in existing gas fuel system. This study investigates the differences in operating characteristics and its problems to be modified when the hydrogen is used as fuel for existing domestic boilers and new heat recover boilers with water spray. When the hydrogen is used in domestic boilers, the efficiency is about 6-7% lower than methane due to higher partial vapor pressure in the exhaust gas at usual operating conditions above 60℃ in combustion chamber outlet temperature. On the other hand, the heat recovery boiler with water spray (HR-B/WS-X) is expected to achieve up to 95% efficiency, which is 12% more efficient than conventional boilers. It can also significantly reduce NOx emission by lowering the flame temperature.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2015

The use of turbocharger in internal combustion engines has increased as it is a key components for improving system efficiency without increasing engine size. Because of increasing demand, many studies have evaluated rotordynamic performance so as to increase rotation speed. This paper presents a linear and nonlinear analysis model for a turbocharger rotor supported by a floating ring bearing. We constructed rotor model by using the finite element method and approximated bearings as being infinitely short. In the linear model, we considered fluid film force as stiffness and damping element. In nonlinear analysis, calculation of the fluid film force involved solving the time dependent Reynolds equation. We verified the developed model by comparing the results to those of previous research. The analysis results show that there are four unstable modes, which are rigid body modes combining ring and rotor motion. As the rotating speed increases, the logarithmic decrement shows that certain unstable modes goes into the stable area or the stable mode goes into the unstable area. These unstable modes appear as sub-synchronous vibrations in nonlinear analysis. In nonlinear analysis frequency jump phenomenon demonstrated in several experimental studies appears. The analysis results also showed that frequency jump phenomenon occurs when the vibration mode changes and the sequence of unstable mode matches the linear analysis result. However, the natural frequency predicted using linear analysis differs from those obtained using nonlinear analysis.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제36회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.291-295
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• 2011

복사냉각 방식의 연소기 노즐확장부의 열/구조적인 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 열/구조해석을 수행하였다. 노즐확장부에 적용된 재료는 초내열합금인 니오븀 합금을 사용하였다. 노즐확장부는 확대노즐부에 비하여 팽창비가 크기 때문에 구조물의 사이즈가 연소실이나 확대노즐부에 비하여 상대적으로 크다. 이러한 이유 때문에 노즐확장부의 두께를 최소화 하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위하여 구조물의 두께를 1.0 mm에서 0.4 mm까지 감소시켜 두께의 변화에 따른 열/구조적인 안정성을 평가하였다. 구조해석결과 0.4 mm 두께의 노즐확장부도 열/구조적으로 안정하게 작동할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 실제 연소기가 작동할 때 발생되는 진동에 의한 영향은 추후에 추가적으로 고려할 예정이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.913-922
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• 2019

Magnetic $Ni_{0.7}Co_{0.3}Fe_2O_4$ nanoparticles that were prepared via the rapid combustion process were functionalized and modified to obtain magnetic $Ni_{0.7}Co_{0.3}Fe_2O_4@SiO_2-CHO$ nanocomposites, on which penicillin G acylase (PGA) was covalently immobilized. Selections of immobilization concentration and time of fixation were explored. Catalytic performance of immobilized PGA was characterized. The free PGA had greatest activity at pH 8.0 and $45^{\circ}C$ while immobilized PGA's activities peaked at pH 7.5 and $45^{\circ}C$. Immobilized PGA had better thermal stability than free PGA at the range of $30-50^{\circ}C$ for different time intervals. The activity of free PGA would be 0 and that of immobilized PGA still retained some activities at $60^{\circ}C$ after 2 h. $V_{max}$ and $K_m$ of immobilized PGA were 1.55 mol/min and 0.15 mol/l, respectively. Free PGA's $V_{max}$ and $K_m$ separately were 0.74 mol/min and 0.028 mol/l. Immobilized PGA displayed more than 50% activity after 10 successive cycles. We concluded that immobilized PGA with magnetic $Ni_{0.7}Co_{0.3}Fe_2O_4@SiO_2-CHO$ nanocomposites could become a novel example for the immobilization of other amidohydrolases.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2018

저선회 연소기에서는 노즐출구의 속도장과 예혼합화염의 전파속도 간 균형에 의해 화염이 부상되어 존재한다. 저선회 화염의 부상높이에 대한 이해는 연소기의 안정성 및 노즐팁의 열화와 관련하여 중요한 문제이다. 이전의 실험적 연구로부터 입구 속도의 증가에 따라 화염부상높이가 오히려 감소하는 현상이 관찰된 바 있다. 선회익을 통과하는 환형 유동과 난류생성판을 통과하는 중심유동 간의 복잡한 유동장을 규명하기 위하여, 입구 속도를 바꾸어가며 비반응 유동장에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 입구 속도에 따른 노즐 출구에서의 유동구조를 분석하여 실험에서 관찰된 비직관적 경향에 대한 정성적 설명을 도출하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to evaluate efficiencies of chemical suppressants for control of fugitive dust in ash pond of thermal power plant. In this study, $MgCl_2$, PAM (polyacrylamide), and PVA (poly vinyl alcohol) that are generally applied to suppression of fugitive dust generated from unpaved road, coal mining, storage piles and etc, were employed as chemical dust suppressants. The coal ash (coal combustion residuals) were sampled from the ash pond of Yeongheung power division in Incheon, South Korea. The characterization of the sample including particle size distribution, pH, $pH_{PZC}$ and pore volume as well as XRF analysis were carried out. The suppressant treated-samples were investigated with the wind tunnel experiments to estimate and compare the effect of suppressants on stabilization of the surface of coal ash samples. According to the results, the stability of suppressant-treated samples were significantly improved compared to water-treated samples. Among the three kinds of suppressants, PAM and PVA showed higher efficiencies and cost saving than $MgCl_2$.