• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.3.1-3.14
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• 2018

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a pathological condition associated with osteopenia. $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling is implicated in this process. Trabecular and cortical bone respond differently to $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling in healthy mice. We investigated whether this signaling has different effects on trabecular and cortical bone in T1DM. We first established a streptozotocin-induced T1DM mouse model and then constitutively activated ${\beta}$-catenin in osteoblasts in the setting of T1DM (T1-CA). The extent of bone loss was greater in trabecular bone than that in cortical bone in T1DM mice, and this difference was consistent with the reduction in the expression of ${\beta}$-catenin signaling in the two bone compartments. Further experiments demonstrated that in T1DM mice, trabecular bone showed lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) than the levels in cortical bone, leading to lower $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling activity through the inhibition of the IGF-1R/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase $3{\beta}$ ($GSK3{\beta}$) pathway. After ${\beta}$-catenin was activated in T1-CA mice, the bone mass and bone strength increased to substantially greater extents in trabecular bone than those in cortical bone. In addition, the cortical bone of the T1-CA mice displayed an unexpected increase in bone porosity, with increased bone resorption. The downregulated expression of WNT16 might be responsible for these cortical bone changes. In conclusion, we found that although the activation of $WNT/{\beta}$-catenin signaling increased the trabecular bone mass and bone strength in T1DM mice, it also increased the cortical bone porosity, impairing the bone strength. These findings should be considered in the future treatment of T1DM-related osteopenia.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.193-206
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• 2020

Despite recent changes in life style, the content called bookstore has steadily stood by our side, changing its shape. In this environment, This manuscript is a quantitatively empirical study that individual innovation affects a combined bookstore's service design factors and the user's intention to word of mouth. Researchers believed that individual innovation would affect a combined bookstore's service design factors. It was also assumed that there would be considerable causality between the combined bookstore's service design factors deduced through prior study. Furthermore, the assumption that these parameters would affect internal variables, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and satisfaction, word of mouth intentions was presented, and verified using An Integrated Model of Extended Technology Acceptance Model and Post Acceptance Model. Researchers expect that this research will contribute significantly in that it is a developer's approach to the combined bookstore that are seen as major tenants in large retail facilities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.171-172
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• 2009

Generally, the container road transportal ion am be divided into three types; short distance, long distance and shuttle transportation. Also container vehicle am be divided into three types according to the chassis types of vehicle; only 20-feet container, only 40-feet container, combined chassis trailer. This paper deals with Vehicle Routing Problem(VRP) for delivering containers considering shuttle transportation. The shuttle service occurs several amounts of container which is same as O/D pairs. This problem is similar to the previously studied VRP for delivering containers using combined chassis trailers, but the characteristics of shuttle service must be considered additionally. We formulate the container shuttle transportation planning problem using combined chassis trailers based on VRP with pick-up and delivery which can visit each node more than one time, and propose an efficient solution procedure.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.524-529
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• 1989

In this paper, an approximate sojourn time distribution is obtained for cyclic service systems. We consider symmetric and limited service systems in which each queue has an infinite capacity. The combined service time is defined which consists of the frame service time and server waiting time that is approximated by two cases of the uniform and exponential distributions. The approximate sojourn time distribution is obtained from the Pollaczek-Khinchine formula where the combined service time is used for the service time in the M/G/I model. And some numerical examples are given to validate the suggested approximate analysis.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 2018

Recently, web-based service software has been used as to combine various information or to share information according to the needs of users and the convergence of specialized fields and individual dependent systems. According to the necessity of the user, the proper service environment and the selective service environment according to the purpose and the needs of the user have been studied in a variety of specialized and combined professional research fields and industries. Software based on cloud systems and web services is being used as a tool for appropriate group and user groups and roles. A service system combined dynamically needs a module to manage a user through internal logic and grant a service access authentication. Therefore, it has been considered various approaches that a user who accesses the system is given a service access authority for a certain period of time. Also, when the deadline is over, the authority that you are given to access system will go through the process of expire the right. In this paper, we define the roles of users who access web services, manage user rights according to each role, and provide appropriate service resources to users according to their rights and session information. We analyzed the procedure of constructing the algorithm for the service according to the procedure of each user accessing the web service, granting the service resource and constructing a new role.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.321-327
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• 2013

As the market of express delivery services expands rapidly, delivery service companies are exposed to severe competition. As a result of the surplus of delivery companies, they are struggling with remaining competitive at a reasonable price with appropriate level of customer satisfaction. To cope with competition pressures, a strategic alliance is suggested as an effective solution to the challenges faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in express delivery services. Therefore, this study suggests a combined optimization and simulation approach to the reconfiguration of an express delivery service network for strategic alliance with respect to strategy partnership of closing/keeping service centers among companies involved and adjustments of their cutoff times. An illustrative numerical example is presented to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the approach.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2010

To support various bandwidth requirements for many kinds of devices such as PC, notebook, PDA, cellular phone, a transcoding proxy is usually necessary to provide not only adapting multimedia streams to the client by transcoding, but also caching them for later use. Due to huge size of streaming media, we proposed the 3 kinds of segmentation - PT-2, uniform, bitrate-based segmentation. And to reduce the CPU cost of transcoding video, we proposed the DQS service policy. In this paper, we simulate the combined our previous two researches that are bitrate-based segmentation and DQS(Degraded Quality Service) policy. Experimental results show that the combined policy outperforms companion schemes in terms of the byte-hit ratios and delay saving ratios.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify whether or not four service situations varying according to positive and negative combinations of physical evidence and functional service influence store image and purchase behavioral intentions of customers at bulgogi restaurants. The video-scenario technique was used for the study. Data were analyzed with the SPSS (Window 19.0) package using frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, 2 by 2 factorial ANOVA, exploratory factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis to confirm the hypotheses. The combined effect of functional service and physical evidence influenced store image and purchase intention. In terms of seperate effect of physical evidence and functional service, the effect of employee service on store image was more powerful than that of physical evidence, even though the effect differed depending on the situation. Purchase intention was only influenced by functional service quality from employees under the four different scenarios. Thus, when opening a Korean restaurant, proper management of tangible evidence suitable to service, and the prices expected from local customers should be determined. Additionally, extremely high or low levels of physical evidence management should be avoided.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2007

Measurement uncertainty could play an important role in the assessment of test results in laboratories and industries. We investigated measurement uncertainties possibly included in determination of flubendazole, a benzimidazole anthelmintic, in pork by HPLC. The concentration of flubendazole was 62.69 ng/g in a sample of pork. Uncertainty was estimated in the analytical procedure of flubendazole. A model equation was made for determination of flubendazole in pork. The four uncertainty components such as weight of sample, volume of sample, calibration curve, and recovery were selected to estimate measurement uncertainties. Standard uncertainty was calculated for each component and all the standard uncertainties were combined. The combined standard uncertainty was expanded to a sample population as an expanded uncertainty. The expanded uncertainty was calculated using k value on Student's t-table and effective degrees of freedom from Welch-Satterthwaite formula. The expanded uncertainty was calculated as 3.45 with the combined standard uncertainty, 1.584 6 and the k value, 2.18. The final expression can be ($62.69{\pm}3.45$) ng/g (confidence level 95%, k = 2.18). The uncertainty value might be estimated differently depending on the selection of the uncertainty components. It is difficult to estimate all the uncertainty factors. Therefore, it is better to take several big effecting components instead of many small effecting components.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.269-273
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• 2013

This paper analyzed a potential interference of electric equipments on radio service below 30MHz through an experiment with a PDP(Plasma Display Panel) TV and a RF(Radio Frequency) light bulb in an anechoic chamber. The radiation levels of the PDP TV and the RF light bulb are measured and a combined interference is calculated on the basis of the experimental value. As a result, the combined interference signal level is increased according to the number of interferer. The possibility of a potential interference from electric equipments on radio service below 30MHz is realized through comparison between the measured radiation value of electric equipments and the CISPR(International Special Committee on Radio Interference) 11 limit.