• 센서학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2004

A portable electronic tongue (E-Tongue) system using an array of ion-selective electrode (ISE) and personal digital assistants (PDA) for recognizing and analyzing food and drink have been designed. By the employment of PDA, the complex algorithm such as fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCMA) could be used in E-Tongue, PUMA could iteratively solve the cluster centers of pre-determined standard patterns. And the membership between the standard patterns and unknown pattern could be analyzed easily by the present E-Tongue combined with PDA.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.636-642
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• 2009

Energy consumption data are surveyed and measured to develop energy demand models for hospital buildings as part of a complete package. Daily consumption profiles for electricity, heating, cooling and hot water are surveyed for 14 carefully chosen hospitals to establish energy demand patterns for a time span of a year. Then the hourly demand patterns of the 4 loads are field-measured for different seasons and statistically analyzed to provide higher resolution models. Used in conjunction with energy demand models for other types of buildings, the high resolution of 8760 hour energy demand models for a hospital for a typical year will serve as building blocks for the comprehensive model that allows the estimation of the combined loads for arbitrary mixtures of buildings.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-143
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• 1986

The distributional pattern of the bast fibres strands or bundles in the stems of Sida species represented in Nigeria is studied. Three major patterns of arrangement are recognized, namely aggregation of fibre strands into units with wedge-shaped, or triangular, rectangular, rhomboidal, square and trapezoid outlines; serial arrangement of fibre strands into rings or circular, ovoid, semi-circular or crescentic rows; and intermediate pattern in which both fibre strands-aggregates and serial rows of strands patterns are combined. The first pattern is found in S. linifolia, S. urens and S. scabrida, the second in S. cordifolia, S. pilosa, S. ovata, S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa, and the third in S. garckeana, and S. acuta. A dichotomous key based on these features is presented. Dimensional characteristics of the bast fibre cells are also given.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.204-214
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• 1996

본 연구의 목적은 새만금해역에서 방조제 축조에 따른 토사의 이동형태변화와 토사 확산을 알아보는 데 있다. 유동은 조석잔차류와 관측된 바람, 수온, 염분자료를 이용하여 계산되었다. 유동에 의한 토입자의 3차원적 거동은 Euler-Lagrange 방법으로 추적하였다. 방조제 축조에 따른 토사확산 및 이동 형태는 금강 하구 남쪽에서 고군산군도 북쪽에 대부분의 토사를 퇴적시켰다. 이것은 잔차류의 영향으로 판단된다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.307-325
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• 2014

A newly developed method based on energy is presented to study the damage pattern of FRP material. Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) is employed to monitor the damage under fatigue loading. In this study, acoustic emission technique (AE) combined with scanning electronic microscope (SEM) technique is employed to monitor the damage evolution of the BFRP specimen in an approximate continuous scanning way. The AE signals are analyzed based on the wavelet transform, and the analyses are confirmed by SEM images. Several damage patterns of BFRP material, such as matrix cracking, delamination, fiber fracture and their combinations, are identified through the experiment. According to the results, the cumulative energy (obtained from wavelet coefficients) of various damage patterns are closely related to the damage evolution of the BFRP specimens during the entire fatigue tests. It has been found that the proposed technique can effectively distinguish different damage patterns of FRP materials and describe the fatigue damage evolution.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to develop fashion cultural product designs in order to promote the Iksan region by using motifs from the Mireuksaji, Iksan's most representative archeological site of Baekje culture. The fashion cultural products designs developed by applying cultural resources can be effective at enhancing our cultural identity. Adobe Illustrator CS4 and Adobe Photoshop CS4 were used to reconstruct motifs from the Sumakse tiles and the bronze horse figure in the Mireuksaji Museum. The Iksan brand slogan "Amazing Iksan" was combined with the bronze horse to emphasize the local cultural identity. The motifs from the Mireuksaji were modified and stylized to make different patterns and these patterns were repeated in various ways to be applied to necktie and scarf designs. The motifs for necktie designs were double-row chrysanthemum tiles and phoenix tiles, and the motifs for scarf designs were the double-row lotus tiles and the bronze horse artifacts. Different colorways were chosen and the value of each color was displayed in the CMYK percentages. As a result, eight necktie designs and twelve scarf designs were proposed. The motifs and patterns developed in this study can be used to introduce Iksan's distinct history as the birthplace of Baekje culture. It is also expected that the result of this study can advance the promotion of Korean traditional culture internationally.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제36D권12호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 3차원 PML 흡수 경계 조건을 갖는 FDTD법을 이용하여 복잡한 구조물 위에 부착된 안테나 해석 방법을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 FDTD법의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 실린더 구조 및 구 구조 위에 짭은 모노폴 안테나가 탑재됨에 따른 안테나 방사 특성의 해석에 대해 정리한 $Carter^{[1]}$ 및 $Harrington^{[2]}$에 의한 정확한 수학적 해석 방법과 상호 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 제안된 FDTD법 해석 결과는 기존의 정확한 수학적 풀이 방법과 매우 잘 일치함을 확인하였다. 이러한 검중된 FDTD 해석 기법을 이용하여 복잡한 구조에 대한 정확한 구조적 모델링을 할 수 있는 전문적인 CAD 툴을 결합하여 블랙호크 헬기와 같은 복잡한 대형 구조물에 부착된 안테나 해석을 수행하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.468-488
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• 2016

The paper proposes a novel framework for 3D face verification using dimensionality reduction based on highly distinctive local features in the presence of illumination and expression variations. The histograms of efficient local descriptors are used to represent distinctively the facial images. For this purpose, different local descriptors are evaluated, Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Three-Patch Local Binary Patterns (TPLBP), Four-Patch Local Binary Patterns (FPLBP), Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF) and Local Phase Quantization (LPQ). Furthermore, experiments on the combinations of the four local descriptors at feature level using simply histograms concatenation are provided. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with different dimensionality reduction algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projection (OLPP) and the combined PCA+EFM (Enhanced Fisher linear discriminate Model). Finally, multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier to carry out the verification between imposters and customers. The proposed method has been tested on CASIA-3D face database and the experimental results show that our method achieves a high verification performance.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.550-554
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• 2010

This work presents a fabrication procedure to make large-area, size-tunable, periodically different shape metal arrays using nanosphere lithography (NSL) combined with ashing and annealing. A polystyrene (PS, 580 ${\mu}m$) monolayer, which was used as a mask, was obtained with a mixed solution of PS in methanol by multi-step spin coating. The mask morphology was changed by oxygen RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) ashing and temperature processing by microwave heating. The Au or Pt deposition resulted in size tunable nano patterns with different morphologies such as hole and dots. These processes allow outstanding control of the size and morphology of the particles. Various sizes of hole patterns were obtained by reducing the size of the PS sphere through the ashing process, and by increasing the size of the PS sphere through annealing treatment, which resulted in tcontrolling the size of the metallic nanoparticles from 30 nm to 230 nm.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2014

Understanding a ship's present position has been one of the most important tasks during a ship's voyage, in both ancient and modern times. Particularly, a ship's dead reckoning (DR) has been used for predicting traffic situations and collision avoidance actions. However, the current system that uses the traditional method of calculating DR employs the received position and speed data only. Therefore, it is not applicable for predicting navigation within the harbor limits, owing to the frequent changes in the ship's course and speed in this region. In this study, planned routes were applied for improving the reliability of the proposed system and predicting the traffic patterns in advance. The proposed method of determining the dead reckoning position (DRP) uses not only the ships' received data but also the navigational patterns and tracking data in harbor limits. The Mercator sailing formulas were used for calculating the ships' DRPs and planned routes. The data on the traffic patterns were collected from the automatic identification system and analyzed using MATLAB. Two randomly chosen ships were analyzed for simulating their tracks and comparing the DR method during the timeframes of the ships' movement. The proposed method of calculating DR, combined with the information on planned routes and DRPs, is expected to contribute towards improving the decision-making abilities of operators.