• 약학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2009

Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer patients. Capsaicin (N-vanillyl-8-methyl-alpha-nonenamide), a spicy component of hot pepper, is a homovanillic acid derivative that preferentially induces cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether capsaicin enhances the anticancer effect of 5-fluorouracil in HT-29 human colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, and whether PPARgamma is involved in the capsaicin action in combination treatment with 5-FU. Treatment of the cells with either 5-FU or capsaicin alone for 48 h had little effect on the cell viability up to $50{\mu}M$ concentration, whereas co-treatment of the cells with capsaicin in the presence of 5-FU for 48 h significantly decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, caspase-3 activity, a marker enzyme for apoptosis, was significantly increased by the combined treatment with 5-FU and capsaicin compared to the 5-FU or capsaicin alone treatment. Also, treatment with troglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist, further enhanced the effect of the combination treatment on the cell viability and caspase-3 activity, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a $PPAR{\gamma}$ antagonist, blocked the effect of the combination treatment. These results suggest that the combination treatment of HT-29 cells with 5-FU and capsaicin induces apoptotic cell death at relatively low concentration than each drug alone, and the combination treatment may be associated with the $PPAR{\gamma}$ pathway activation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2006

Apoptotic death of articular chondrocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been used for several years as a marker enzyme of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. This study investigated the activity of TRAP in media of apoptotic cell death-induced canine chondrocyte. We exposed canine chondrocyte to capsaicin and the results showed that capsaicin induced cell death in a dose dependent manner. And we measured TRAP activity in media of chondrocyte death induced by capsaicin treatment and the results capsaicin significantly increased the activity of TRAP in media for dose dependent. We also investigated whether the combination treatment with capsaicin and TRAIL enhance apoptotic cell death in canine chondrocyte. We exposed canine chondrocyte to capsaicin for 24 hrs at the indicated dose, and then treated with recombinant TRAIL protein for 24 hrs. TRAIL alone did not induce cell death after 24 hours, but the combined treatment of both induced more cell death compared with capsaicin alone in a dose dependent manner. Also, the combination treatment with capsaicin and TRAIL increased the activity of TRAP in culture media. These results suggest that TRAP can flow out into extracellular after chondrocyte damage, and TRAP may be a successful biomarker for detection of joint disease such as osteoarthritis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

Capsaicin(CAP) is a pungent ingredient of hot pepper that has been used as a spicy food additive, pre-servative, and medicine. In this study, the effect of CAP on L-ascorbic acid(AsA)level in various tissues as well as its urinary excretion. and drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in rats were investigated. Rats fed AsA-deficient diets for 17days were injected intraperitoneally with 1mg of CAP in 0.5ml of ethanol-Tween 80-saline(20 :10 : 70, v/v/v). Control rats received the equal volume of the same solution without CAP. Urine was collected for 3 day after the CAP injection, and after 5 days tissues were removed; their AsA contents were measured by high performance liquid chromatography combined with and electrochemical detector. In addition, hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorfin O-deethylase(EROD) activity as measured. Urinary AsA excretion changed significantly following CAP injection. One and two days after CAP injection, the urinary AsA increased 2-and 3-fold in the CAP injected group, compared to the control, but the contents of adrenal glands and brain were lower than those of the control Dehydroascorbic acid contents in adrenal glands of the CAP injected group were higher than that of the control These results suggested that a single large dose of CAP could temporarily cause the redistribution of AsA in tissues accompanying by its urinary excretion, by affecting probably a biological system including mixed function oxygenase system(MFOS)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.496-499
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• 1994

본 실험에서는 국내에서 널리 사용되어지고 있는 고추의 매운 성분인 캡사이신 및 올레오신을 세절시킨 베이컨 육에 첨가하여 그 저장성효과를 TBA가 및 최근에 개발된 형광 발광 검출기가 부착된 CL-HPLC법을 이용한 과산화물가를 측정하였다. 세절 베이컨 육에 있어서의 TBA가는 캡사이신 0.02% 첨가구, 올레오레신 0.02% 첨가군이 기존에 사용해 온 에리 솔빈산 0.02% 첨가수준보다 항산화 효과가 더 크게 나타났다. CL-HPLC로 검출한 hydroperoxide의 생성은 에리솔빈산 첨가구가 대조군에 비해 효과가 더 크게 나타났으나, 에리솔빈산 0.01% 및 0.02%간의 첨가수준에 따른 차이 보이지 않았다. 캡사이신 0.01% 첨가구는 에리솔빈산 0.02% 첨가효과와 거의 같은 효과를 나타냈으며, 5주째에 있어서는 캡사이신 0.02% 첨가구가 캡사이신 0.01% 첨가구에 비해 항산화효과가 유의하게(p<0.05) 더 높게 나타났다. CL-HPLC를 이용해 세절 베이컨에 대한 과산화물가를 책정한 결과, 올레오레신 0.02% 첨가구는 에리솔빈산 0.02% 및 캡사이신 0.01% 첨가수준의 효과와 거의 비슷한 효과를 나타 냈으며, 올레오레신 0.02% 첨가구는 캡사이신 0.02% 첨가수준과 거의 필적할 정도의 항산화 효과를 나타냈다. CL-HPLC는 항상화 효과 측정에 도입할 수 있는 방법임을 확인하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

Capsaicin, a pungent ingredient of hot pepper, elicits an intense burning pain when applied cutaneously and intradermally. Activation of capsaicin-gated channel in C-type dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons produces nonselective cationic currents. Although electrophysiological and biochemical properties of capsaicin-activated current $(I_{CAP})$ were studied, the regulatory mechanism and intracellular signaling pathway are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the modulations of $I_{CAP}$ by DAMGO $({\mu}-opioid\;agonist)$ and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). In 18 out of 86 cells, the amplitude of $I_{CAP}$ was significantly increased by DAMGO and completely reversed after washout, while $I_{CAP}$ was decreased by DAMGO in 25 cells. In 43 cells, DAMGO had no effect on $I_{CAP}$. Mean action potential duration was significantly different between 'increased-by-DAMGO' group and 'decreased-by-DAMGO' group. Mean amplitudes of $I_H$ were not significantly different between both groups. CCK-8 reversibly enhanced the amplitude of $I_{CAP}$ (5/13). DAMGO also increased $I_{CAP}$ amplitude significantly in the same cells. The amplitude of $I_{CAP}$ was increased in additive manner by combined applications of DAMGO and CCK-8 in these cells. These results suggest that DAMGO and CCK-8 can either increase or decrease $I_{CAP}$ presumably depending on the subtypes of DRG cells and classified by electrophysiological properties.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.232-237
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• 1994

건조 고추를 100mesh의 입자이하로 분쇄하여 먼저 감압증류시켜 정유성분을 추출하고, 다시 3배량의 ethyl alcohol을 가하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 동안 진탕 추출후 여과, 농축시켜 정유성분을 합하였다. 여기에 같은양의 물과 유화제를 첨가하여 유화시킨 고추 oleoresin을 고온에서 가열조리 중 일어나는 휘발성성분 및 capsaicin의 변화를 검토하였다. 고추 및 고추 oleoresin-의 휘발성 성분은 119성분이 분리되어 그중 35성분이 동정되었다. 2-methoxy-phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-phenol, 1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-pheonl 및 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde 등이 주요 향기 성분이었으며, 시료로부터 oleoresin으로의 이행율은 저분자에서의 휘발성성분의 경우는 매우 낮았다. 온도 100^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 가열조리 후 휘발성 성분은 93성분이 분리되었고 $150^{\circ}C$ 가열조리의 경우는 82성분만 분리되었다. 가열조리 중 휘발성 성분의 소실은 극심하였으며 가열온도가 높을수록 더욱 심하였다. 100^{\circ}C$에서 가열한 경우 상당량이 가열조리 중 소실되었으며 잔존율은 각각의 휘발성 성부넹 크게 달랐다. 특히 nonanoic acid, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol, pentadecane, 1,2-benzenedic-arboxylic acid 등은 70% 이상의 높은 잔존율을 보였고, 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole, 1-(2-furanyl)-ethanone, 2,4-dimethyl-pheonl, d-fenchyl alcohol 및 4-ethyl-2-methoxy-phenol 성분은 검출되지 않았다. 또한 $150^{\circ}C$에서 가열시킨 고추 oleoresin의 휘발성 성분은 $100^{\circ}C$ 보다도 상대적인 잔존율이 더욱 낮았다. Nonanoic acid와 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid만 70% 이상의 잔존율을 보였고, 30% 이하의 잔존율을 나타낸 성분으로서는 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furancarboxdldehyde, 1,4-dimethylbenzene, 2,3-diethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1H-indole 및 9,12-octadecadienoic acid였다. 그리고 $100^{\circ}C$ 가열에서의 미검출성분과 흔적량을 보이던 2-methyl-2=cyclopenten 및 octanoic acid은 검출되지 않았다. 가열조리 중 capsaicin은 비교적 열에 안정하여 대기하의 $100^{\circ}C\;및\;150^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 가열조리 후 잔존율은 각각 84.7% 및 73.3%였고, 질소가스 통기하에서는 잔존율이 88.9% 및 81.8%로 더욱 안정하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.860-866
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 청양고추즙 농도를 고형분 기준 1%, 2%, 4%가 되도록 첨가하여 제조한 생면의 품질 특성과 항산화 활성 변화를 조사하였다. 청양고추즙을 첨가한 생면의 조리 후 중량, 부피 및 국물의 탁도는 대조구와 비교하여 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 수분흡수율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 조리 전 색도는 청양고추즙을 첨가하였을 때 L값과 a값은 감소하고 b값은 증가하였으며, 조리 후 면의 색도는 조리전에 비해 L값은 증가하였으나, a값과 b값은 감소하였다. 청양 고추즙 첨가면의 조리 전후 견고성, 부착성, 탄력성, 검성, 씹힘성 등의 조직감은 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조리면의 관능검사 결과 전반적 기호도에서 2% 청양 고추즙 첨가면이 대조구에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높게 평가되었다. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, polyphenol 함량 및 항산화 활성은 청양고추즙 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 증가 하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 제면 시 청양고추즙의 첨가는 면의 품질특성은 유지하면서 관능적 특성 및 항산화 기능을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 적정첨가 농도는 2% 이내가 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 1) 캡사이신(75 mg), 세사민(30 mg), 그리고 카르니틴(900 mg) 복합성분(CCSC)이 에너지 대사조절자로서 열발생 교감신경활동과 관련된 자율신경활동을 향상시키는지, 2) 본 연구의 대상자들의 ${\beta}_3-AR$ 유전자 다양성이 자율신경활동에 영향을 주는지를 조사하였다. 7명의 대상자 ($24.7{\pm}1.8$세)가 이 실험에 자발적으로 참여하였다. 심박수변이성 파워스펙트랄 분석에 의해 평가된 심장 자율신경활동은 CCSC 섭취 전과 후 총 120분간 매 30분마다 5분간 측정하였으며, CCSC 또는 위약 (CON)그룹은 무작위로 대상자에서 섭취되었다. 본 연구의 결과에서, 총 대상자중, ${\beta}_3-AR$ 유전자CC 타입을 가진 대상자는 없었다 . 두 그룹간의 안정시 심박수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자율신경활동에서도 그룹간 차이는 없었으나, CCSC그룹에서 섭취전과 섭취 후 30분에서 총자율신경활동(TOTAL power), 부교감신경활동(PNS power), 그리고 교감${\cdot}$부교감 신경활동지수에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05, respectively). 이상의 결과로서, 비록 각각의 성분들은 지방분해와 관련이 있다 할지라도CCSC의 섭취는 열생산 교감신경 자극에 영향을 주지 않았으며, 오히려 양 교감${\cdot}$부교감신경활동의 향상과 관련이 있다는 것을 시사하였다. 따라서 미래의 연구에서는 ANS 활동에 영향을 주는 유전적 다양성뿐만 아니라 운동능력 향상 보조물 그리고/또는 지방분해 효과를 위한 더 많은 복합 영양 성분이 연구되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1080-1086
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• 2005

Membranes prepared from Vibrio natriegens oxidized both NADH and deamino-NADH as substrates. The maximum activity of the membrane-bound NADH oxidase was obtained at about pH 8.5 in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl, whereas that of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase was obtained at about pH 7.5 in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl. Electron transfer from NADH or deamino-NADH to ubiquinone-l or oxygen generated a considerable membrane potential (${\Delta}{\psi}$), which occurred even in the presence of $20{\mu}M$ carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). However, the ${\Delta}{\psi}$ was completely collapsed by the combined addition of $10{\mu}M$ CCCP and $20{\mu}M$ monensin. On the other hand, the activity of the NADH oxidase and the ${\Delta}{\psi}$ generated by the NADH oxidase system were inhibited by about $90\%$ with $10{\mu}M$ HQNO, whereas the activity of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and the ${\Delta}{\psi}$ generated at the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase segment were inhibited by about $60\%$. Interestingly, the activity of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and the ${\Delta}{\psi}$ generated at the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase segment were resistant to the respiratory chain inhibitors such as rotenone, capsaicin, and $AgNO_3$, and the activity of the NADH oxidase and the ${\Delta}{\psi}$ generated by the NADH oxidase system were very sensitive only to $AgNO_3$. It was concluded, therefore, that V. natriegens cells possess a $AgNO_3$-resistant respiratory $Na^+$ pump that is different from the $AgNO_3$-sensitive respiratory $Na^+$ pump of a marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

[Purpose] While the anti-obesity effects of exercise and capsiate are well-observed individually, the effect of exercise with capsiate intake has not been systematically explored yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake. [Methods] 8-week-old male mice were divided into 3 groups (n = 8 per group): sedentary group (SED; nontrained), exercise-trained group (EXE) and exercise-trained group with 10 mg/kg of capsiate intake (EXE+CAP). All mice were offered high-fat diet and water ad libitum. The mild-intensity treadmill training was conducted 5 times a week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, metabolism during exercise and abdominal fat weight were measured. [Results] Body weight and the rate of total abdominal fat were significantly less in EXE+CAP than in SED but not between EXE and SED. The average of respiratory exchange rate during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.025). Likewise, the fat oxidation during exercise was significantly much higher in EXE+SED (p = 0.016) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.045). Then, the carbohydrate oxidation during exercise was significantly much lower in EXE+SED (p = 0.003) compared to the difference between EXE and SED (p = 0.028). [Conclusion] In conclusion, the anti-obesity functions of exercise training can be further enhanced by capsiate intake by increasing fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, we suggest that capsiate could be a candidate supplement which can additively ameliorate obesity when combined with exercise.