• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.159.2-160
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of selenium and its combination with ${\beta}$-carotene treatments prior to whole-body irradiation in mice. This was obtained the radioprotective effect of selenium and its combination with ${\beta}$-carotene by evaluation of DNA damage levels in mice spleen and blood after irradiation. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.07a
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• pp.44-47
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• 1989

In this paper, We analyzed the End Effect of Single-sided Linear Induction Motor by combination of Finite Element Method in Active region and 0- 1 order Boundary Element Method in Entry, Exit region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.13-14
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• 2008

In black dyeing of PET fabric, high concentrations of disperse dyes of three primary color are generally used, which leads low exhaustion level of dye and discharge of a large amount of unfixed dye into dyehouse effluent. In this study, the effect of combination ratio of dye concentration, liquor ratio, and dyeing pH on dyeing and color property of black dyed PET fabric was investigated.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 1995

Kimchi is a traditional fermented vegetable in Korea. It has unique taste and flavor due to the variability of raw vegetable, subingredient and their ratio of combination. Fermentation method have very critical effect on these charicteristics. Overall taste of Kimchi is also influenced by texture. In this paper, the changes in texture of Kimchis were reviewed related to pectic substance, enzymatic activities and other chemical changes during the fermentation of Kimchi. Moreover, treatments to prevent softening of Kimchi texture such as preheating, CaCl$_2$ addition, their combination effect and chitosan addition were summarized from the literatures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1988

Xylazine hydrochloride is a widely used analgesic, sedative and muscle relaxant agent in veterinary clinic. Yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine are known as antagonists of xylazine hydrochloride. This paper was investigated to know that the effect of xylazine hydrochloride, yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine, and that whether or not antagonism of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine to xylazine hydrochloride-induced effect on gizzard motility in chicken. The results were as follows. 1. After xylazine hydrochloride administration, the gizzard motility in chicken was instantly inhibited in relaxation state, and this state was prolonged in proportion to increase of dose. 2. After yohimbine hydrochloride administration, the gizzard motility in chicken showed increase of contractile frequency. 3. After 4-aminopyridine administration, the gizzard motility in chicken was gradually recovered next to decrease of contractile amplitude and frequency. 4. After the combination of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine administration, the gizzard motility in chicken showed increase of amplitude and radical increase of frequency. 5. After xylazine hydrochloride administration, the relaxation time was shortened by yohimbine hydrochloride, 4-aminopyridine and the combination of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine. In conclusion, the gizzard motility in chicken was inhibited by xylazine hydrochloride, and this effect was antagonized by the combination of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.716-728
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• 1999

Whole oil and ketonic fraction (KF) of Leptospermum scoparium have been tested for their antimicrobial activity and combination effect with several antibiotics against various bacterial strains and fungi by using microbiological assay methods. Antibacterial activities of KF against a number of test strains were 2-3 fold stronger than those of whole oil. MICs of the KF were $65~125{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against seven gram positive bacterial strains, $65~250{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against 19 methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus strains, and $65~50{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against 14 quinolone resistance strains. However, KF showed little or no activity against gram negative bacteria. MICs of the KF were $16~250{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against more than 50% of the anaerobic bacterial strains tested. KF showed the higher antibacterial activity than bacitracin against 10 strains of Bacteroids thetaiotaomicron, or three strains of Bacteroides ovatus, and the more active than ciprofloxacin against one strain of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and three strains of Bacteroids ovatus. The MICs of KF was 63 and $250{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$ against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, respectively. Antibacterial activities of KF in combination with 19 antibiotics against 14 strains and with four antifungal agents against one fungal strain were determined by paper strip diffusion method. While most of combination showed additivity, KF showed synergism with bacitracin, exfadroxil, cephradin, and meropenem for 29~57% of the strains tested. However, ofloxacin, enoxacin, sparfloxacin showed antagonism with KF for 43~71% of the strains. KF alone and in combination with bacitracin, gentamycin, neomycin, itraconazole, fluconazole, terfinafine and ketoconazole against five bacterial strains or one fungus strain synergistic effect was demonstrated against 33% of strains examined with FIC index value below 0.5 by checkerboard study. Synergistic effect of KF with gentamicin against Staphylococcus epidermidis 329 (QRS) was found by time-kill study.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2021

Cutaneous melanoma is a fatal disease for patients with distant metastasis. Metformin is the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, and proved to suppress cell proliferation and metastasis in diverse cancers including melanoma. We previously reported that MEK inhibitor trametinib increases the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulators and melanoma cell motility, which are suppressed by addition of metformin in A375 melanoma cells. To confirm our findings further, we first evaluated the effect of metformin in combination with another MEK inhibitor binimetinib on cell viability in G361 melanoma cells. We then investigated whether binimetinib affects the expression of EMT regulators and cell motility. We finally monitored the effect of metformin on binimetinib-induced cell migration. Cell viability assay showed that combination index (CI) value at ED₅₀ is 0.80, suggesting synergy for the combination of metformin with binimetinib. Our results also revealed that binimetinib increased the expression of EMT regulators such as integrin αV, fibronectin and slug, which correlate well with the enhanced cell migration in wound healing assay. Metformin, on the contrary, suppressed the expression of sparc, integrin αV, fibronectin and N-cadherin with the reduced cell motility. The combination treatment showed that metformin counteracts the binimetinib-induced increase of cell motility. Overall, these results suggest that metformin with binimetinib might be useful as a potential therapeutic adjuvant against cell survival and metastatic activity in melanoma patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.251-262
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• 2023

Schistosomiasis causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to assess the effect of schistosomula lung antigen preparation (SLAP) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) on a murine schistosomiasis mansoni model. Ninety laboratory-bred male Swiss albino mice were divided into 6 groups. Two doses of the vaccine were given at 2-week intervals. All mice were subcutaneously infected with 80±10 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae 2 weeks after the last vaccination dose. They were sacrificed 7 weeks post-infection. Parasitological and histopathological studies were conducted to assess the effect of inoculated antigens (single or combined). The results showed that the combination of SLAP and SEA (combination group) led to a significant reduction in worm burden (65.56%), and liver and intestine egg count (59% and 60.59%, respectively). The oogram pattern revealed a reduction in immature and mature eggs (15±0.4 and 10±0.8, respectively) and an increased number of dead eggs in the combination group (P<0.001). In terms of histopathological changes, the combination group showed notably small compact fibrocellular egg granuloma and moderate fibrosis in the liver. A high percentage of destroyed ova was observed in the intestine of the combination group. This study demonstrates for the first time the prophylactic effect of combined SLAP and SEA vaccine. The vaccine induced a significant reduction in the parasitological and pathological impacts of schistosomiasis mansoni in hepatic and intestinal tissues, making it a promising vaccine candidate for controlling schistosomiasis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.253-264
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• 2019

This paper presents the combination resonances of FG porous (FGP) cylindrical shell under two-term excitation. The effect of structural damping on the system response is also considered. With regard to classical plate theory of shells, von-$K{\acute{a}}rm{\acute{a}}n$ equation and Hook law, the relations of stress-strain is derived for shell. According to the Galerkin method, the discretized motion equation is obtained. The combination resonances are obtained by using the method of multiple scales. Four types of FGP distributions consist of uniform porosity, non-symmetric porosity soft, non-symmetric porosity stiff and symmetric porosity distribution are considered. The influence of various porosity distributions, porosity coefficients of cylindrical shell and amplitude excitations on the combination resonances for FGP cylindrical shells is investigated.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 1997

Background : Analgesic effect of intra-articular morphine or ketoronac treatment alone, or a combination of both drugs, on postoperative pain were evaluated in 40 healthy male patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery. Method : Upon completion of surgery under spinal anesthesia, each patients knee joint was injected with 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. Then, via parenteral or intra-articular route, one study group received morphine and other group received ketorolac. Results : Groups who received either intra-articular ketorolac, or morphine, experienced decreased postoperative pain reducing need for additional analgesics. The combination treatment of intra-articular morphine and ketorolac did not improved results. Conclusions : Singular use of either intra-articular morphine, or ketorolac, improves postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic sugery: Combination of these drugs offered no further advantage over its single prescription.