• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the associations between 30-day mortality and various radiological and clinical factors in patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (SDH). During the 11-year study period, young patients who underwent surgery for SDH were followed for 30 days. Patients who died due to other medical comorbidities or other organ problems were not included in the study population. Methods : From January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2014, 318 consecutive surgically-treated traumatic acute SDH patients were registered for the study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze 30-day survival rates. We also estimated the hazard ratios of various variables in order to identify the independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Results : We observed a negative correlation between 30-day mortality and Glasgow coma scale score (per 1-point score increase) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.70; p<0.001). In addition, use of antithrombotics (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.27-4.33; p=0.008), history of diabetes mellitus (HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.20-4.32; p=0.015), and accompanying traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.27-3.58; p=0.005) were positively associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion : We found significant associations between short-term mortality after surgery for traumatic acute SDH and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores, use of antithrombotics, history of diabetes mellitus, and accompanying traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage at admission. We expect these findings to be helpful for selecting patients for surgical treatment of traumatic acute SDH, and for making accurate prognoses.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.445-453
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• 2000

Objectives : The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of physical therapy and related factors on cognitive function in stroke patients. Methods : Questionnaires were completed by 36 stroke patients at physical therapy room in Dongeui Medical Center from September 1999 to September 2000. The Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea(MMSR-K) was used to assess the differences for cognitive function in patients who had suffered a stroke. Results: There were severe $16.7\%$, mild $16.6\%$, and normal $66.7\%$ in distributions for cognitive function. respectively. In the difference of cognitive function score for at initial, 25.64 for smokers had significantly higher than 20.36 for nonsmokers(p<0.05). Also, 26.21 for smokers had higher than 21.27 for nonsmokers alter a month(p<0.05). However, no significant difference existed in comparison at initial with after a month. 25.0 for patients without coma was higher than 9.50 for with(p<0.05), 25.80 for patients without was also higher than 10.16 for with in after a month. There were no statistically significant variables related to difference for cognitive performance in multiple regression analysis. conclusions: Results indicated that smoker and patients without coma at onset had high cognitive functions.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.122-131
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• 2012

Purpose: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is clinically defined as a coma of over six hours in a head trauma victim without a focal mass lesion. The emergency physician usually resuscitates and stabilizes a comatose head trauma victim in the emergency Department. After assessment and treatment, the prognosis is very important to both the victim and the physician. The prognosis for DAI is based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and other imaging data. We investigated the prognostic value of computed tomography (CT) and gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging (GRI) for head trauma victims with DAI. Methods: Fifty-three(53) head trauma victims of DAI were enrolled in this study from 2007 to 2012. During the study period of six years, data on trauma victims were collected retrospectively. We analyzed the differences in the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) result between the CT and the GRI modalities. Results: We classified the study group by using GOS. Between the good outcome subgroup (GOS scores of 4 and 5) and the poor outcome subgroup (GOS score of 1-3), there were no statistical difference in sex, age, initial vital signs and initial GCS score. The good outcome subgroup had non-hemorrhage on CT(52%), which was correlated with good outcome and a shorter awakening time, while a larger number and a deeper location of hemorrhagic lesions on in GRI were correlated with poor outcome in DAI. Conclusion: We conclude that the existence of hemorrhagic lesions on CT, and the number and location of those lesions on GRI had good prognostic value for head trauma victims with DAI.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.223-243
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• 1996

We have constructed a line-by-line model of the A-X system of CO in order to analyze the CO bands appearing in the UV spectra of comets. The model includes electronic, rotational, vibrational transitions, excitations by solar UV radiation, and effects of neutral and electron collisions. The major bands of the A-X system occur in the $1200 - 1800{\AA}$ range where the temporal variation of solar irradiation is significant. The solar spectrum in this spectral range shows many emission lines, which cause a significant Swings effect. We derived fluorescence efficiencies of the bands as functions of heliocentric velocity and cometocentric distance using a high resolution spectrum of the sun. We compared our model with a spectrum of comet P/Halley obtained with the IUE, and estimated that the UV Swings effects are less than 20 fluorescence efficiencies for the most bands of the A-X system. We discuss the temporal variation of solar UV irradiation and its effects on the fluorescence efficiencies. The study of the A-X system also requites knowledge of vibrational and rotational fluorescent processes in the infrared and radio regions because the majority of CO molecules in the coma is in the ground rotational states. The solar infrared spectrum near 5 microns, where the fundamental band of CO occurs, contains strong absorption lines of the fundamental band and hot bands of CO and its isotopes. We derived fluorescence efficiencies of the infrared band as functions of heliocentric velocity and cometrocentric distance. The solar absorption lines near 5 microns cause a 20 reduction of the g-factor of the fundamental band at heliocentric velocities close to 0 km/sec. We discuss the effects of neutral and electron collisions on the fluorescence efficiencies of the infrared and UV bands.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2007

We derived analytically the generalized curvature linear equation useful in the initial optical design of a two-mirror system with finite object distance, including an infinite object distance from paraxial ray tracing and Seidel third order aberration theory for coma coefficient. These aberration coefficients for finite object distance were described by the curvature, the inter-mirror distance, and the effective focal length. The analytical equations were solved by using a computer with a numerical analysis method. Two useful linear relationships, determined by the generalized curvature linear equations relating the curvatures of the two mirrors, for the cancellation of each aberration were shown in the numerical solutions satisfying the nearly zero condition ($<10^{-10}$) for each aberration coefficient. These equations can be utilized easily and efficiently at the step of initial optical design of a two-mirror system with finite object distance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2009

Purpose: In highly doses, endosulfan lowers the seizure threshold and elicits central nervous system stimulation, which can result in seizures, respiratory failure, and death. Management of seizure control is essential for survival and prognosis of intoxicated patients. This study assessed whether seizure time was an independent predictor mortality in patients with endosulfan poisoning. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with endosulfan poisoning presenting to Masan Samsung Hospital and Gyeongsang National University Hospital from January 2003 to December 2008. The data were collected from clinical records and laboratory files. Using a multivariate logistic analysis, data on the total population was retrospectively analyzed for association with mortality. Results: Of the 24 patients with endosulfan poisoning, nineteen (79.1%) experienced seizure. The patients in the seizure group showed significantly lower Glasgow coma scale score, base excess, bicarbonate, and significant existence of mechanical ventilation, as compared to the non seizure group (n=5). Seizure, Glasgow coma scale score, systolic blood pressure, bicarbonate level, need for respiratory support, pulse rate, respiratory rate, pH, base excess, and seizure time were associated with mortality. The fatality rate of endosulfan poisoning was 54.1% with higher mortality among patients experiencing. Longer seizure time was associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: Seizure time can be a significant independent predictor of mortality in patients with acute endosulfan poisoning. Physicians should aggressively treat for seizure control in patients with acute endosulfan poisoning.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.48.1-48.1
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• 2016

Polarimetric study of light scattering from cometary dust particles can provide us opportunity to decipher their characteristics, such as sizes, structures, compositions of dust grains, etc. Herein, we present the results of our polarimetric study of long-period comet, C/2013 US10 (Catalina), in optical and near-infrared wavelengths which appeared at large phase angle (52.7 degrees) around the mid-December, 2015. We performed polarimetric and spectroscopic observations with HONIR, attached to the 1.5-m telescope at Higashi-Hiroshima Observatory, on UT 2015 December 17-18 and also obtained optical imaging data sets by the Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory (IAO) and Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (OAO) taken between 2014-2015. By measuring the intensities of gas emission lines with respect to dust continuum and considering transmittance of each filter, we estimated that the percentages of gas contamination are approximately 10 percents in $R_C$-band and 3 percents in $I_C$-band. With these results, we derive the degree of linear polarization scattered solely from dust components in the coma. At this presentation, we will compare the phase-angle dependence of the degree of linear polarization with those of previous archive data in a wide coverage of wavelengths from $R_C$-band to $K_S$-band. Finally, we are supposed to discuss the spatial variations in polarization within the coma.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.379-401
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• 1999

The effect of KamiTongJonHaaATang extracts on hypercholesterolemia, platelet aggregation, pulm onary thrombosis, KCN-induced coma, forcal brain ischemia, cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35), and NO production in RAW cells stimulated lipopolysaccharide were investigated, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. KTJHAT extracts showed a significant decrease of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia induced by 2% cholesterol diet in NZW rabbit. 2. KTJHAT extracts induced a significant inhibition of human platelet aggregation induced by thrombin and ADP but did not affect human platelet aggregation induced by collagen. 3. KTJHAT extracts showed a protective effect on pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine. 4. KTJHAT extracts prolonged the duration of KCN-induced coma. 5. KTJHAT extracts showed a significant decrease of brain ischemic area and edema in MCA occlusion. Also, KTJHAT extracts showed a decrease of neurologic grade in hind limb but did not affect neurologic grade in fore limb. 6. KTJHAT extracts showed a protective effect on cytotoxicity of PC 12 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35) in a dose dependent manner. 7. KTJHAT extracts showed a significant decrease of NO production in RAW cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. These results suggested that KTJHAT extracts might be usefully applied for prevention and treatement of thrombosis and brain damage.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.107.1-107.1
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• 2012

We present the results of far-ultraviolet (FUV) observations of comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) obtained with Far-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (FIMS) on board the Korean microsatellite STSAT-1, which operated at an altitude of 700 km in a sun-synchronous orbit. FIMS is a dual-channel imaging spectrograph (S channel 900-1150 ${\AA}$, L channel 1350-1750 ${\AA}$, ${\lambda}/{\Delta}{\lambda}$ ~ 550) with large image fields of view (S: $4^{\circ}.0{\times}4^{\prime}.6$, L: $7^{\circ}.5{\times}4^{\prime}.3$, angular resolution 5'-10') optimized for the observation of diffuse emission of astrophysical radiation. Comet C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) was observed with a scanning survey mode when it was located around the perihelion between 8 and 15 May 2004. Several important emission lines were detected including S I (1425, 1474 ${\AA}$), C I (1561, 1657 ${\AA}$) and several emission lines of CO $A^1{\Pi}-X^1{\Sigma}^+$ system in the L channel. Production rates of the notable molecules, such as C I, S I and CO, were estimated from the photon fluxes of these spectral lines and compared with previous observations. We compare the flux and the production rates in the radius of $3{\times}10^5$ km with $20{\times}10^5$ km from the central coma. We obtained L-channel image which have map size $5^{\circ}{\times}5^{\circ}$ The image was constructed for the wavelength band of L-channel (1350 - 1710 ${\AA}$. We also present the radial profiles of S I, C I, CO obtained from the spectral images of the central coma. The radial profiles of $2{\times}10^6$ km region are compared with the Haser model.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 1993

In the case of an imaging system affected by aberrations which are not precisely known, the effect of aberrations can be minimized and near-diffraction-limited images can be restored by introducing artificial random phase fluctuations in the exit pupil of the imaging system and using bispectral speckle imaging. In order to determine the optimum value of the correlation length for Gaussian random phase model, computer simulation is performed for 50 image frames of a point object in the presence of defocus, spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism of 1 wave, respectively. In terms of the criterion of performance, the FWHM of the point spread function, normalized peak intensity, MTF and visual inspection of the restored object are employed. The optimum value for the rms difference $\sigma$ of aberration on the exit pupil in the interval of Fried parameter ${\Upsilon}_0$ is given by 0.27-0.53 wave for spherical aberration, and 0.24-0.36 wave for defocus and astigmatism, respectively. It is found that the bispectral speckle imaging technique does not give good results in the case of coma.