• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.215-227
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• 1994

Changes in total lipid content, total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of preterm milk were investigated during early lactation. Milk samples were collected from Korean mothers of 16 premature(34 to 36 weeks gestation age) infants on day 2 to 5(colostrum) and at 6 weeks(mature) postpartum. We estimated the lipid nutrition of preterm milk by comparing with the lipids of term milk. The total lipid content of preterm colostrum was significantly lower than the lipid content of preterm mature milk(p<0.001). Lipid content, determined gravimetrically in colostrum and matured milk, was 1.50g/이 and 3.2g/dl, respectively. Also the total cholesterol content(mg/dl) in preterm milk tends to increase from 14.16mg/dl to 15.20mg/dl, while the total cholesterol(mg/g lipid) concentration higher significantly in colostrum(12.36mg/g) than in mature(5.73mg/g)(p<0.001). The total unsaturated fatty acid contents in preterm milk were higher in colostrum than in mature milk and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA contents of colostrum and matured milk was 0.64%, 0.53% and the P/M/S ratio of preterm milk were 0.63 : 1.05 : 1.00, 0.47 : 0.79 : 1.00, respectively. Also, $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio of preterm milk were 2.35 in colostrum and 5.81 in mature. Therefore, colostrum in preterm milk contained higher amounts of $\omega$3 PUFA than mature milk. The levels of total lipid in preterm milk were higher than term milk. Also, preterm milk is richer in cholesterol, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid than term. It appears that the milk secreted by mothers who delivered prematurely differs from milk in several important respect. These components may serve as precursors for membrane, myelin development in the preterm infants. Therefore, it would be necessary to study further into the machanism of how the gestation age might affect to the lipid composition in human milk. These data may provide a basis for better construction of infant formaulas to provide more adequately for the lipid requirements of the Korean premature infant.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Colostrum basic proteins (CBP) (MW 1$\sim$30 kDa) were isolated from bovine colostrum using a series of ultrafiltration processes and their effects on osteoblast cell proliferation and bone metabolism were investigated in cell line and animal models. Treatments with CBP (1, 10, 100 $\mu$g/mL) dose-dependently increased cell proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of osteoblastic phenotype, in the cells was also increased after treatments with CBP in a dose-dependent manner. Significant increases in bone density were observed in femur of ovariectomized rats which were fed a diet with 1% and 10% CBP, compared to rats fed a normal diet. These results suggest that CBP may increase bone mass and density and be useful for the prevention of bone-related diseases.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2001년도 임시총회 및 제28차 추계학술발표회
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• pp.43-56
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• 2001

Colostrum contains various kinds of cytokines including TGF-${\beta}$ which is known to be multifunctional in immune response and act as an anti-inflammatory agent. First, we measured the amount of TGF-${\beta}$ in bovine and human colostrum. Expression pattern of TGF-${\beta}$ isotypes was dramatically different between human and bovine colostrial samples. Bovine colostrum collected on day 1 post-delivery retained $41.79{\pm}16.96ng/ml$ of TGF-${\beta}$ 1 and $108.4{\pm}78.65ng/ml$ of TGF-${\beta}$ 2 while in human, $284{\pm}124.75ng/ml$ of TGF-${\beta}$ 1 and $29.75{\pm}6.73ng/ml$ of TGF-${\beta}$ 2. Thus, TGF-${\beta}$ is the predominant TGF-${\beta}$ isotype in bovine colostrum and vice versa in human colostrum. Both TGF-${\beta}$ isotypes diminished significantly in human and bovine colostrum with time. Next, biological activity of colostrial samples was examined in vitro. Both human and bovine colostrum increased IgA synthesis by LPS-activated mouse spleen B cells, which is a typical effect of TGF-${\beta}$ on the mouse B cell differentiation. Futhermore, we found that anti-proliferative activity in MV1LU cells by colostrum samples disappeared by addition of anti-TGF-${\beta}$ 1 and anti-TGF-${\beta}$ 2 antibody. In conclusion, there are substantial amounts of biologically active TGF-${\beta}$ 1 and TGF-${\beta}$ 2 in bovine and human colostrum. The results that the colostrum can increase IgA expression has important implications since IgA is the major Ig class produced in the gastrointestinal tract. We have previously shown that the stimulatory effect of Bifidobacteria bifidum on spllen B cells was quite similar to that of LPS which is a well-known polyclonal activator for murine B cells. In the present study, we further asked whether B. bifidum regulate the synthesis of IgA by mucosal lymphoid cells present in Peyers patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). B. bifidum alone, but not C. perfringens, significantly induced overall IgA and IgM synthesis by both MLN and PP cells. This observation indicates that B. bifidum possesses a modulatory effect on the mucosal antibody production in vivo. We, therefore, investigated the mucosal antibody prodduction following peroral administration of B. bifidum to mice. Ingested B. bifidum significantly increased the numbers of Ig (IgM, IgG, and IgA) secreting cells in the culture of both MLN and spleen cells, indicating that peroally introduced B. bifidum enhances mucosal and systemic antibody response. Importantly, however, B. bifidum itself does not induce the own specific antibody responses, implying that B. bifidum do not incite any unwanted immune reaction. Subsequently, it was found that excapsulation of B. bifidum further augments the total IgA production by increasing the number of IgA-secreting cells in the culture of both MLN and spleen cells. Finally, we found that the immuno-stimulating activity of B. bifidum is due to its cell wall components but not due to any actively secreting component(s) from bacteria. Thus our data reveal that peroral administration of B. bifidum can enhance intestinal IgA production and that encapsulation of B. bifidum further reinforces the IgA production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2011

Bovine whey protein expression patterns of colostrum are much different from that of milk. Moreover, bovine colostrum is an important source of protective, nutritional and developmental factors for the newborn. However, to our knowledge, no research has been performed to date using a comparative proteomic method on the changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. This study therefore separated whey protein of days 1, 3, 7 and 21 after calving using two dimension electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins at different collection times were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to understand the developmental changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. The expression patterns of whey protein of days 1 and 3 post-partum were similar except that immunoglobulin G was down-regulated on day 3, and four proteins were found to be down-regulated on days 7 and 21 compared with day 1 after delivering, including immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, albumin, and lactotransferrin, which are involved in immunity and molecule transport. The results of this study confirm the comparative proteomic method has the advantage over other methods such as ELISA and immunoassays in that it can simultaneously detect more differentially expressed proteins. In addition, the difference in composition of milk indicates a need for adjustment of the colostrum feeding regimen to ensure a protective immunological status for newborn calves.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.426-440
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• 2022

The bioactive functions of oligosaccharides from human milk have been reported by many studies. Many of oligosaccharides isolated from colostrum and/or milk of dairy animals have been reported to have similar chemical structures with those in human colostrum and/or milk. It has been proved by several studies that the oligosaccharides with similar chemical structure shared common bioactivities. Among domesticated dairy animals, bovine/cattle, caprine/goat, and ovine/sheep are the most commonly used species to isolate oligosaccharides from their colostrum and/or milk. Several studies on the oligosaccharides from goat colostrum and milk have revealed similar properties to that of human milk and possess the highest content of sialyl oligosaccharides (SOS) as compared to other ruminants. Indonesia ranks first in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) for goat milk production. Therefore, goat milk is the second most consumed milk in the country. The most reared dairy goat breed in Indonesia is Etawah Grade. However, oligosaccharides from Indonesia dairy animals including goat, have not been characterized. This is the first study to characterize oligosaccharides from Indonesia dairy animals. The present study was aimed to isolate and characterize oligosaccharides, specifically SOS from the colostrum of Etawah Grade goats by using proton/¹H-nuclear magnetic resonance. The SOS successfully characterized in this study were: Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc (3'-N-glycolylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc (6'-N-glycolylneuraminyllactose), Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4) GlcNAc (6'-N-acetylneuraminyllactosamine) and Neu5Gc(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc (6'-N-glycolylneuraminyllactosamine). This finding shows that Etawah Grade, as a local dairy goat breed in Indonesia, is having significant potential to be natural source of oligosaccharides that can be utilized in the future food and pharmaceutical industries.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2000

In this study, total lipid and cholesterol contents and fatty acid composition of colostrum milk obtained from 30 normal mothers, 10 mothers who was delivered of preterm infant and 8 pregnancy induced hypertensive mothers were analyzed. While total cholesterol content in preterm colostrum was significantly lower than other groups (p<0.05), total lipid content was not different among three groups, ranged 2.24-.2.2g/dl. Composition of saturated fatty acide, such as lauric acid and myristic acid which are medium chain fatty acids in preterm milk were higher than those of normal-term and hypertensive mother's milk. There was no difference n total composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the rationh of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 among 3 group mother's colostrum, ranged 19.45-21.45% and 6.42-7.87, respectively. but the composition of arachidonic acid and DHA in colostrum of hypertensive mothers were significantly higher than those of normal and preterm mothers. These data indicates that gestational length and complications during pregnancy may change the lipid profile and fatty acid composition of hyman milk colosstrum.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

Colostrum has lots of bioactive components and many growth factors including insulin-like growth factors, transforming growth factors and epidermal growth factor. Colostrum and milk derived growth factors widely mediate the growth of overall development and could be used as treatment of gastrointestinal disorder, wound repair process, bioacrivity in the neonatal GI tract and induction of oral tolerance. It is possible that milk derived growth factors as potential neutraceuticals for the specific consumers may have a great role in future food industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 1995

In this study, lipid composition of milk obtained in colostrum from 22 mothers delivering preterm infants and 17 mothers delivering term infants was analyzed. Fatty acid composition and vitamin E content were analyzed as well as the concentrations of total lipids in preterm and fullterm milk. Lipid and cholestol concentrations were higher in the fulltrm milk than preterm milk. PUFA and P/S ratio in preterm milk were higher than those in fullterm milk. On the other hand, SFA and MUFA contents were higher in the fullterm milk. Vitamin E which is related to PUFA concentration in colostrum was also higher in the preterm milk than fullterm milk.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 1995

In this study, the nutritional composition of colostrum milk obtained from 22 mothers delivering perterm infants and 17 mothers delivering term infants was analyzed. The energy content of colostrum was yielded based on nitrogen, lactose, and lipid data. Preterm milk is more close the nutritional needs of the preterm infant than dose other breast milk. The results are as follows : 1) Protein concentration was significantly higher, but carbohydrate and lipid concentration were lower in preterm milk than fullterm milk. Energy content yielded from total nitrogen, lactose and lipid concentration was higher in the fullterm milk than preterm milk. 2) Calcium was higher in the preterm milk than fullterm colostrum. Phosphate was lower in fullterm milk than pretem milk. Calcium/Phosphate ratio were 2.61/1 in the preterm and 2.06/1 in the fullterm milk. Magnesium was higher in the preterm milk than fullterm milk. Zinc, Copper and Manganese concentrations were tended to lower in the preterm milk than fullterm milk.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2000

Lactoferrin was isolated from the colostrum of Korean native cow by using several purification steps such as batch extraction, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and affinity chromatography. Other whey protein components that having similar molecular weight and affinity to lactoferrin were gradually removed from crude Korean native cow's lactoferrin during the purification steps. The amount of lactoferrin collected from a liter of Korean native cow's colostrum was 65mg and the recovery rate was 29.4%. The molecular weight of the purified Korean native cow's lactoferrin was estimated approximately 81,000dalton.