• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

In this paper, the white organic LED with two-wavelength was fabricated using the NPB of blue emitting material and a series of orange color fluorescent dye(Rubrene) by vacuum evaporation processes. The structure of white OLED was ITO/NPB$(200{\AA})$NPB:Rubrene$(300{\AA})$/BCP$(100{\AA})/Alq_3(100{\AA})/Al(1000{\AA})$ and the doping concentration of Rubrene was 0.75 wt%. We obtained the white OLED with CIE color coordinates were x=0.3327 and y=0.3387, and the maximum EL wavelength of the fabricated white organic light-emitting device was 560 nm at applied voltage of 11 V, which was similar to NTSC white color with CIE color coordinates of x=0.3333 and y=0.3333. The turn-on voltage is 1 V, the light-emitting him-on voltage is 4 V. We were able to obtain an excellent maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.457 % at an applied voltage of 18.5 V and current density of $369mA/cm^2$.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.6 s.38
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

This Paper Propose a robust scene change detection technique that use the weighted chi-square test and the automated threshold-decision algorithm. The weighted chi-test can subdivide the difference values of individual color channels by calculating the color intensities according to mSC standard, and it can detect the scene change by joining the weighted color intensities to the predefined chi-test which emphasize the comparative color difference values. The automated decision algorithm uses the difference values of frame-to-frame that was obtained by the weighted chi-test. In the first step, The average of total difference value and standard deviation value is calculated and then, subtract the mean value from the each difference values. In the next step, the same process is performed on the remained difference value. The propose method is tested on various sources and in the experimental results, it is shown that the Proposed method is efficiently estimates the thresholds and reliably detects scene changes.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 1977

For the purpose researching to the influence of tetrahedral and octahedral preference of cations of $Ni^{2+}$, $Ti^{4+}$ upon the formation and the color development of the $ZnO-SnO_2$ spinel containing $Ni^{2+}$ and $Ti^{4+}$ ions, the gradual substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ ions for $Zn^{2+}$ ions and of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions of the spinel in NiO-ZnO-$SnO_2$-$TiO_2$ system was carried out. On samples prepared by calcining the oxide and basic cabonate mixtures at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, the X-ray analysis, measurement of reflectance and the test of their stabilaity as a glaze pigment were also carried out. The results are summarized as follows 1) Single spinel was formed completely to x=1 in the $xNiO\cdot(2-x)ZnO\cdot{SnO}_2$system, and gave brilliant lightgreen hue. Moreover, $NiO\cdot{ZnO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ formed easily spinel than $NiO\cdot{MgO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ because Zn^{2+}$ ions had more strong tetrahedral preference than $Mg^{2+}$ ions. 2) As the gradual substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions in $NiO\cdot{MgO}\cdot{SnO}_2$ system, the spinels formed well and was nearly not changed in the hue. 3) The results of glaze test. (1) As the gradual substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ ions for $Zn^{2+}$ ions, the color changed from dull white to graish broun gradually in calcium-zinc glaze and calcium glaze, and from white to beige in tile glaze. (2) As the gradual substitution of $Ti^{4+}$ ions for $Sn^{4+}$ ions in $NiO-ZnO-SnO_2-TiO_2$ system, the color was become dull generally and was not change in tile glaze.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2005

We enhanced the color of blue sapphires and rubies successfully by using a oxygen-propane torch flame annealing, which had not been employed so far. We confirmed that about 1 mm-thick de-coloring of the corundum samples were available with 60 minutes flame annealing through eye evaluation, color coordination characterization, and methylene iodide immersion observation. We also suggest that the color centers such as $[Fe_{Al}^{\cdot}]$ may transform into transparent $[Fe_{Al}^{x}],\;[Cr_{A1}^{x}]$ sites with $[V_o^']$ generation at the elevated temperature in oxygen-rich atmosphere by diffusion mechanism. Our results implied that the longer diffusion time and the higher oxygen partial pressure might lead to the better de-coloring enhancement in corundum gem stones.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

Purpose: TiN films were deposited on sus304 by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system which was designed and developed as unbalancing the strength of the magnets in the magnetron electrode. The color and hardness of deposited TiN films was investigated. Methods: The cross sections of deposited films on silicon wafer were observed by SEM to measure the thickness of the films, the components of the surface of the films were identified by XPS, the components of the inner parts of the films were observed by XPS depth profiling. XPS high resolution scans and curve fittings of deposited films were performed for quantitative chemical analysis, Vickers micro hardness measurements of deposited films were performed with a nano indenter equipment. Results: The colors of deposited films gradually changed from light gold to dark gold, light violet, and indigo color with increasing of the thickness. It could be seen that the color change come from the composite change of three compound,$TiO_{x}N_{y}$, $TiO_2$, TiN. Especially, the composite change of$TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound was thought to affect the color change with respect to thickness. Conclusions: Deposited films had lower than the value of general TiN film in Vickers hardness, which was caused by mixing three TiN, $TiO_2$,$TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound in the deposited films. The increasing and decreasing of micro hardness with respect to thickness was thought to have something to do with the composite of TiN in the films.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 1996

we describes a method for realizing the color conversion from the tristimulus (X, Y, Z) values to the print ink signals (C, M, Y) by using neural networks. The realized nonlinear color conversion system consists of two hidden layers those have seventeen nodes. We determined the C, M, Y values of the input control signals to compensate the printer nonlinearity of real systems. Experimental results showed that the described method is useful and valid to realized the nonlinear color conversion.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-26
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• 1986

The synthetic conditions of $ ZrSiO_4-Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ stains from CdS, Se, $SiO_2$ , 4ZrO_2$ and Lif were investigated and the colors were examined. Colors of the stains prepared were yellow orange red pink ruby and violet in relation to both the content of CdS-Se in $ZrSiO_4$ and firing temperature. Colors of these series stains were thermally stabilized probably by the structural stability of zirconium silicate. Furthermore by the result of X-ray diffraction analysis it is assumed that color of the zircon cadmium sulphoselenide $ ZrSiO_4-Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ stain is developed by neither the coloring ions in $ZrSiO_4$ lattice nor the solid solution of $ZrSiO_4$ and $Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ but by the small crystals of $Cd(S_xS_{1-x})$ being occluded by the zirconium silicate during sintering process.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2024

The present study investigated the digital color characteristics corresponding to different maturity stages and maturation levels of white croaker Pennahia argentatus specimens collected from the Southern Sea of South Korea. Maturity stages were determined using photomicrographs depicting ovarian developmental phases and compared with digital color values. The specimens ranged in body length from 21-36 cm, with mature ovaries observed within the 24-30 cm length range. To differentiate the maturing, mature, spawning, and post-spawning stages of the gonads, boundary lines were established based on specific coordinates. For the ovaries, a dividing line was drawn through (-10, -10) and (15, 5), described by the equation Y=3/5X-4; while for the testes, the line passed through (20, 0) and (0, 15), indicated by the equation Y=-3/4X+15. However, the visual determination of the maturity stages proved challenging due to overlapping color values. Consequently, this study underscores the efficacy of employing digital color measurements over subjective visual assessments to evaluate the maturity of white croaker gonads and offers more quantitative insights.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were 1) to extend the gestalt theory in an attempt to explain the effect of garment clues(formality, color) perceiver's gender, and contexts on impression formation of a male high school teacher, and 2) to found out high school students' attitude toward their teacher's school outfits. The experimental design was a quasi-experimental with full factorial design of 4 independent variables : 3(formality levels)x2(garment colors)x2(perceiver's gender)x2(con- texts) The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and response scale. The stimuli consisted of 12 color photographs produced by CAD system and response scale constituted of 28 bipolar adjectives representing personal traits. In addition to the qualitative research was also performed. The subjects composed of 277 male and 291 female high school students' in Taejeon city and research was a between subject design. The data was analysed by factor analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test. The major findings drawn from this study were as follows: 1. The perceivers impression were consisted of 4 major dimensions; evaluation, sociability, attractiveness, potency. 2. All the independent variables showed some significant impression effects on selected dimensions. Garment color indicate the most significant effects among the 4 independent variables and garment formality showed least effects. 3. The subjects of the study preferred suits(highest formality level garment) to semi-formal or casual outfits for male teacher's school outfits. In conclusion, 4 independent variables affected differently 4 major impression dimensions and garment formality and contexts showed significant interaction effect, this results supported the gestalt theory of impression formation.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

This study was conducted to monitor the yields of useful substances extracted from Inonotus obliquus. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction process was carried out by using response surface methodology under different extraction conditions. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables such as extraction time ($X_1$), ethanol concentration ($X_2$) and extraction temperature ($X_3$) on dependent variables such as soluble solid yield ($Y_1$), total phenol contents ($Y_2$), total flavonoid contents ($Y_3$) and browning color($Y_4$). Soluble solid yield was affected by ethanol concentration and extraction temperature. The maximum soluble solid yield was 18.02% at 20.47 min ($X_1$), 42.85% ($X_2$) and $69.57^{\circ}C$ ($X_3$) in saddle point. Total phenol contents were highly affected by ethanol concentration and extraction temperature. The maximum total phenol contents were 71.57mg GAE/g at 21.60min ($X_1$), 45.19% ($X_2$), $69.68^{\circ}C$ ($X_3$). The electron donating ability was affected by extraction temperature and extraction time. Total flavonoid contents were affected by only extraction temperature. The maximum total flavonoid contents were 35.98 mg RE/g at 22.53min ($X_1$), 46.37% ($X_2$), $69.56^{\circ}C$ ($X_3$) in saddle point. The browning color was highly affected by extraction time, ethanol concentration and extraction temperature. The maximum browning color was at 22.00 min ($X_1$), 46.89% ($X_2$), $69.71^{\circ}C$ ($X_3$) in saddle point. As a result, the optimum extraction conditions were predicted; extraction time of 21.50 min, ethanol concentration of 44.87% and extraction temperature of $69.635^{\circ}C$.