• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the traditional color sentiment on the contemporary clothing color by studying the pictures of street fashion of Dalian in China, in view of the clothing color of women in their 20-30 years of age having highest purchasing power, along with traditional Chinese color. The clothing color is various in frequency depending on the items in street fashion. Due to the seasonal impact of summer, the most frequent item was one-piece dress with the Multi of various color patterns, followed by White, Black, PB, R and B category. In the top color, the White was most prevalent color due to the seasonal factor, followed by Black, Grey, Multi, R, Y, RP category. Achromatic color is more dominant with the ratio of 7:3, comparing with its counterpart, which consists of R and Y category of V, B, P, VP tone. In the bottom color, Dp tone of PB shows most high frequency, followed by Black. This results illustrate that Chinese women prefer blue jeans and to be looked as slimmer by using of the dark colors. In the accessories, colors of bags and shoes show different results. The bag colors show the high frequency of Dk tone, YR category, and the chromatic colors are little bit dominant than achromatic ones with the ratio of 5.3:4.7. On the contrary, the shoes colors show the highest frequency in Black, the achromatic colors are more dominant than chromatic ones with the ratio of 6.6:3.4. These results somewhat diverge from the international color trend. Color trend in Dalian street fashion in which the high frequency of V tone is observed through all the colors of the items followed by P, VP, Lgr tone in sequence. In the light of Chinese traditional color preference, this result denotes that the traditional color preferences of red, yellow are still affecting the contemporary color choices of clothing in Chinese women. The high incidence of PB category in the bottom and one-piece dress does not seem to have its origin form traditional Chinese color sentiment.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.157-166
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• 2008

Until 1960, the major housing type of rural area in Korea was traditional wooden frame building, which was made of natural materials. In the course of modernization and New Village Movement, most of traditional houses have been renovated focusing on changing roof material of rice straw into slate, keeping existing main wooden structure. And then from around 1980, by economical development the new houses have been constructed. On these three phases of traditional type, remodeling type and new construction type, the natural materials of housing facade as wood, soil, stone and plant changed into artificial materials as cement, chemical material and paint. At the same time the exterior color of housing also have been changed and varied. The purpose of this thesis is to find out the changing aspect of exterior color by comparing remodeled and new constructed housing with of traditional housing. The exterior color of one hundred and fifty seven houses were surveyed and the three color attributes of each part of facade, as roof, wall and window, were analyzed and compared. In case of traditional houses, 98.3% of color are concentrated on the warm color of Y and YR on HUE scale, and 88% of their color are low Chroma. And Value of their color has been varied and spreaded from low to high Value scale. From traditional types to remodeled and new constructed houses, the concentration ratio of warm color on Hue scale reduced from 98.3% to 68.7% and ratio of low Chroma was also changed from 88% to 73.2% and the ratio of low Value color reduced from 51.9% to 29.7%. The exterior color of houses in rural area varied on Hue, and the more saturated colors were used and they became brighter compared with color of traditional houses. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for basic data of exterior color planning and improvement into harmonized color with natural environment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.407-419
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of four clothing cues dot pattern size and ground field of color area ratio on dress's wearer image. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scales(The 7-point semantic). The stimuli were 30 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, dot pattern on background of color area ratio and neutral dress's using computer simulation. The subjects were 180 female undergraduates living students in Gyeong-nam. The result of this study are as follows: Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components (visibility, gracefulness, attractiveness, cuteness, womanly). Especially, Neutral color combination independently influenced the every components. In regarding the effect of interaction between each variable, the combination of dot pattern on background of color area ratio, dot pattern size on the combination had cuteness, womanly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.438-440
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• 2005

At present, characteristic of high color reproduction for LCD TV is needed in Display market according to start mass production of LCD TV. Therefore development target for LCD is focused on improvement of color reproduction. The improving methods of high color reproduction are alteration of color Filter or Red, Green, Blue phosphor alteration of CCFL. But decrease of luminance and panel transmittance is caused by alteration of Color Filter. Accordingly, we completed LCD with high color reproduction by the most suitable emission spectrum of CCFL phosphor at panel with conventional color filter. In this experiment, we knew that LCD applied to CCFL with high color rendering characteristic had color reproduction range of 81% compared with NTSC in CIE color coordinate. According to increase of intensity peak and alteration of Red, Green, Blue phosphor spectrum, we made LCD with high color reproduction characteristic. In conclusion we achieved improvement of color reproduction ratio by alteration of CCFL phosphor without changing color filter.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.841-847
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• 2016

To study the influence of background color and substratum on hypermelanosis of starry flounder, we compared the daily food intake (DFI), the feed efficiency (FE), the survival, the growth, the ratio of pigmented area on the blind side and the ratio of hypermelanic fish duplicately reared for 180 days in dark-green FRP aquarium (control), white FRP aquarium together with dark-green substratum. The ratio of pigmented area on the blind side was significantly higher at the dark-green group than at the white group. DFI, FE and growth were higher in the dark-green substratum. Pigmented area rate and ratio of hypermelanic fish were significantly higher at the dark green group than at the high dark-green substratum. The results suggest that bright tank color and substratum bottom could inhibit the hypermelanosis.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2000

This study was carried out to find the optimal condition to treat refractory organic matter which can’t treat clearly with biological treatment and to find the optimal division dosage and division dose timing in the modification of Fenton oxidation which is used resolve the problem that hydrogen peroxide is too expensive. The results are following; 1. The highest TOC removal efficiency was 41% and color removal efficiency was 64% when the dilution magnitude of leachate is fold. This suggests that dilution is efficiency when high concentration of leachate is treated. 2. The removal efficiency of TOC and color increased up to the molar ratio between ferrate and hydrogen peroxide was 1:1. However above that ratio, removal efficiency hardly increased. The highest removal efficiency of TOC and color were 38% and 71% when the mole ratio of ferrate to hydrogen peroxide was 1.5:1. 3. When the mole ratio between ferrate and hydrogen peroxide was fixed, the removal efficiency of TOC and color increased as the dosage of hydrogen peroxide increased. 4. pH of samples were adjusted at pH 3, 5, 7, 9, 11. After oxidation reaction, pH of samples were dropped to 2.59, 2.54, 5.34, 6.36 and 9.68. The highest color removal efficiency was 75.7% when initial pH was at pH 7. 5. The removal of TOC and color was ended within 10. min. and the removal efficiency increased logarithmically within 10min. However after 10 min., the removal efficiency of hardly increased. 6. The color removal efficiency was higher with modification of fentone oxidation than that with fentone oxidation by 5%. Optimal division dosage ratio was 1:1 and optimal dose timing ratio was 2:1. However the TOC removal efficiency was not higher with modification of Fenton oxidation than that with Fenton oxidation.7. The CO $D_{Mn}$ /BO $D_{5}$ Ratio decreased with the time went by. It meant bioresolution increased as time went by. However, after 15 min., the CO $D_{Mn}$ /BO $D_{5}$ Ratio did not decrease any more. 8. In the case of $H_2O$$_2$ Divisiom Dose experiment, the increase of bioresolution was highest at the $H_2O$$_2$ Division dosage Ratio of 3:7.3:7.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

Aerosol size distribution provides good information for predicting weather changes and understanding cloud formation. Aerosol extinction coefficient and backscattering coefficient are measured by many scientists, but these parameters depend not only on aerosol size but on aerosol concentrations. An algorithm has been developed to measure aerosol parameters such as ${\AA}$ngstr$\ddot{o}$m exponent, color ratio, and LIDAR ratio without any assumptions by using two wavelength rotational Raman LIDAR signals. These parameters are good indicators for the aerosol size. And we can find ${\AA}$ngstr$\ddot{o}$m exponent, color ratio, and LIDAR ratio under various weather conditions. Finally, it can be seen that the ${\AA}$ngstr$\ddot{o}$m exponent has an inverse relationship to the particle size of the aerosol and the color ratio is linearly dependent on the aerosol size. An ${\AA}$ngstr$\ddot{o}$m exponent from 1.2 to 3.1, a color ratio from 0.28 to 1.04, and a LIDAR ratio 66.9 sr at 355 nm and 32.6 sr at 532 nm near the cloud were obtained.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 1993

In this research, the surface color of 'Fuji' apples and tomatoes were measured by using Sharp PD 151 semiconductor color sensors. The measurements were compared with color-difference-meter readings and with visual sensory test scores. A negative exponential function was developed which describe the relationship between the dominant wavelength of the surface color of 'Fuji' apples and the ratio of the photoelectric currents of the color sensor. Also a linear relationship was found for the surface color of tomatoes and the color sensor output. There were good correlations between the visual test scores and the color sensor output for both 'Fuji' apples and tomatoes.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.400-405
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to mix dental ceramic powder in varying ratios and evaluate the effect of the mixing ratio on color and translucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The ceramic powder of shade A3 of the same product was mixed with the shade A2 of three products: IPS e.max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Vintage Halo (SHOFU Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Ceramco 3 (Ceramco-Dentsply, Burlington, NJ, USA) in the following fixed ratios (0 wt%, 25 wt%, 50 wt%, 75 wt%, and 100 wt%) and then fired. A total of 150 specimen of ceramic fired were manufactured in a regular size (W: 8.5 mm, L: 10.5 mm, and H: 1.5 mm). For color and translucency, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ were measured and Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for data analysis (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. The higher the mixing ratio was, $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ of IPS e.max Ceram were all increased, and $L^*$ of Vintage Halo was reduced and $a^*$ and $b^*$ were increased. $L^*$ and $a^*$ of Ceramco3 were reduced and $b^*$ of Ceramco3 was increased. Color difference (${\Delta}E^*ab$) was increased in all three products as the mixing ratio got higher. Increased mixing ratios resulted in decreased translucency parameter (TP) values for IPS e.max Ceram but increased TP values for Vintage Halo and Ceramco3. CONCLUSION. In this limited study, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ were influenced by the mixing ratio of the A3 powders and porcelain powder mixtures represented a various color and translucency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2002

Samples of enamel wear for kitchen works were made at the Kordco Enamel Co. We analyzed the colors of enamel wears with Color Meter (JS555). The colors of enamel wears could be controled by mixing ratio of frits and pigments. Many kinds of frits and pigments were tested, and colors of enamel wears could be changed by variable frits. Colors were weakly changed by several mixing ratio of pigments.