• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.144-160
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• 2011

This study investigated the colors of the costumes and backgrounds of characters in the films "Thirst" and "Mother" from an integrated perspective. As a study method, ten scenes per film, which contained the characters and backgrounds from the start to the end of the DVDs of "Thirst" and "Mother" were examined. For integrated color analysis of the costumes and backgrounds, the colors of the captured scenes were simplified to extract representative colors, and then color palettes were presented according to the ratio of area. The colors of costumes were analyzed by recognition through the eyes based on the I.R.I. Hue and Tone 120. Furthermore, the color images of the two films were analyzed using the I.R.I. adjective image scales and the I.R.I. color image scales. The colors of the film "Thirst" were generally low in brightness and high in chroma. They are characterized by dark, gloomy toned-down background in the first half, highly chromatic vivid background in the second half, and the contrast of purple blue colors and red colors. The colors of the film "Mother" are characterized by complementary colors between background and costume colors, and various tones of blue and green colors. From the aspect of color tones, they were relatively high in brightness compared to the film "Thirst" but low in chroma. On the I.R.I. adjective image scale, contrasting adjectives were extracted simultaneously from the film "Thirst" as the adjectives were evenly distributed at hard, dynamic and static, whereas the adjectives extracted from the film "Mother" were distributed at hard and statistic. On the I.R.I. color image scale, both films were located at hard, but the film "Thirst" was located at dynamic whereas the film "Mother" was located at static.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

Purpose: TiN films were deposited on sus304 by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system which was designed and developed as unbalancing the strength of the magnets in the magnetron electrode. The color and hardness of deposited TiN films was investigated. Methods: The cross sections of deposited films on silicon wafer were observed by SEM to measure the thickness of the films, the components of the surface of the films were identified by XPS, the components of the inner parts of the films were observed by XPS depth profiling. XPS high resolution scans and curve fittings of deposited films were performed for quantitative chemical analysis, Vickers micro hardness measurements of deposited films were performed with a nano indenter equipment. Results: The colors of deposited films gradually changed from light gold to dark gold, light violet, and indigo color with increasing of the thickness. It could be seen that the color change come from the composite change of three compound,$TiO_{x}N_{y}$, $TiO_2$, TiN. Especially, the composite change of$TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound was thought to affect the color change with respect to thickness. Conclusions: Deposited films had lower than the value of general TiN film in Vickers hardness, which was caused by mixing three TiN, $TiO_2$,$TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound in the deposited films. The increasing and decreasing of micro hardness with respect to thickness was thought to have something to do with the composite of TiN in the films.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.631-634
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• 2006

Soy protein isolate (SPI) films were supplemented with cinnamaldehyde (CA) at concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mL/5 g SPI. The effects of CA on film color, tensile strength (TS), percent elongation at break (E, %) and water vapor permeability (WVP) of SPI films were investigated. Generally, total color difference (${\Delta}E$), WVP, and TS of SPI films increased gradually, while E and TSM decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the amount of cinnamaldehyde in the SPI films increased. Cinnamaldehyde can be used as a potential cross-linking agent for preparing SPI films by improving mechanical strength and water resistant properties.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

m-Aramid dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), were coagulated in different coagulants such as water, methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol. Various concentrations and temperatures of the coagulants were also used to evaluate dyeing properties of coagulated m-aramid films. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed to investigate the surface morphology of m-aramid films. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) was conducted in order to measure crystallinity change of mcaramid fibers and films. WAXD patterns showed that crystallinity of m-aramid fibers was reduced after film formation. In addition, color depth (K/S value) was measured and the results revealed that the film coagulated in water possessed fairly enhanced color depth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 1994

This experiment was to investigate the effects of UV radiation and chemical treatments on the color difference in antioxidant (Tris(2,4-di-t-butyl phenoxy) phosphite)-containing polyurethane coats. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. The color difference increased as the exposure time of UV radiation increases, but decreased as addition level of antioxidant increaes. 2. After 400 hours exposure to UV radiation, the color difference respectively showed 6.13 and 5.94 at 0.7 % and 1.0 % addition level but appeared more severe below 0.7 % addition level. Thus, antioxidant prevented discoloration effectively. 3. The color difference of films by chemical treatments increased after 8 hours. Color difference of films treated with 5 % acetic acid($CH_3COOH$), 30 % ethyl alchol ($CH_3CH_2OH$) showed 7.31 and 7.30 respectively. 1 % sodium hydroxide treatment showed 1.86 color difference after 8 hours.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.735-738
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• 1996

Amorphous nickelphthalocyanine(NiPc) thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation and their electrochromic behavior and voltammograms were examined in the five kinds of aqueous electrolytes. Amorphous NiPc films were prepared on indium-tin-oxide(ITO) glass substrates cooled to-$120^{\circ}C$ by using liquid nitrogen under a vacuum of $2.4 \times 10^{-4}$. The voltammetric and electrochromic measurements were made using a potential galvanostat. In order to confirm the color change, optical vis-transmission spectra of the NiPc films were measured by a spectrophotometer with various electrode potential applied. The NiPc amorphous thin films exhibited most clearly electrochromism in $KNO_3$ aqueous electrolyte. The specimen films underwent 3 color transitions (from blue to yellow-green, then to red violet, then to dark blue), corresponding to the three peaks on the voltammograms in $KNO_3$ aqueous electrolyte. Blue is color of the as-prepared film. When the potential was swept, charge compensation was attained upon oxidation by injection of anions from the electrolyte and upon reduction by expulsion of anions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.408-413
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• 2016

The dielectric thin films applied to multi-colored semitransparent thin film solar cells have been extensively studied. In this work, we prepared GeSbTe and GeTe chalcogenide thin films using magnetron sputtering, and investigated their optical and phase-change properties to replace the dielectric films. The changes of surface morphology, sheet resistance, and X-ray diffraction of the Te-based chalcogenide films support the fact that the amorphous stability of GeTe films is superior to that of GeSbTe films. While both amorphous GeSbTe and GeTe films thinner than 30 nm have optical transparency between 5% and 60%, GeTe films transmit more visible light than GeSbTe films. It is confirmed by computer simulation that the color of semitransparent silicon thin film solar cells can be adjusted with the addition of GeSbTe or GeTe films. Since it is possible to adjust the contrast of the solar cells by exploiting the phase-change property, the two kinds of chalcogenide films are anticipated to be used as an optical layer in semitransparent solar cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.34-47
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• 2008

Recently, as popular interest in costumes in Korean films and TV dramas has increased, traditional dress in works has re-evaluated with modern perspective of the Western color system. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the traditional dress for women appeared in works after the 2000s has shown features similar in the use of red has appeared high. The high frequency of brown and pink, orange and purple used main colors in Western works. Also, what is the most prominent is the high frequency of use of achromatic colors. Second, the color harmonies of the East and the West have been done through color arrangement. The structure with more than 2-colors has been gradually changing into single or 2-colors, which give simple images to people. Third, in order to portray characters' diverse and psychological situations, Korean works have expressed the symbolisms of colors from the Western perspective. Though red symbolizes theory of Yin-Yang and Five-Elements, passion and authority since 2000 have used red to make main images. Also, pink is used as softness and pure images. Though works before the 2000s showed low frequency of the brown. The achromatic color that it has been applied to various parts. Recently black has been developing into a color symbolizing themes. Given the results from this study, it could be expected in future that the categories of color domains will be gradually extended as it is a trend for the traditional dress to escape from primary colors. On the other hand, achromatic colors that minimal and modern sensibility as well as basic color in fashion, especially the black, will increasingly extend ranges of utility or show a tendency of resolute changes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.50
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• pp.215-237
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• 2018

I analyze orange that is consistently used, even though not consciously, in the films whose function and meaning are clear. In detail, there are examples of color in films, psychological phenomena of colors expressed in posters and opening titles, color characteristics of clothes and costumes, and semiotic analysis of color names in film titles. (1) Fact and Truth; civilization and criticism. The film tries to tell the truth than the fact. It represents facts as it is, but it presupposes truth. This is a unique characteristic of media films. The truth of the fact is not important. The film tells the truth believing and wanting to show off. The film, which has inherent characteristics of the gap between fact and truth, represents nature and civilization. It carries nature as it is and criticizes the harm of civilization. Orange is nature and civilization. Realistic films such as Hong Sang Soo and Kim Ki Duk, fall into this category. For example, there are A Taxi Driver(2017) and I Can Speak(2017). (2) Virtual History; fake images and memories. In Hollywood SF genres like The Matrix(1999), orange was dealt with virtual reality. However, in Korean films they are replaced by historical dramas. The representation of history becomes a virtual reality. Films such as The Fortress(2017), Masquerade(2012), and Roaring Currents(2014) deal with virtual history. In these films, orange is a fake image and memory. (3) Light=color; Aura. The color and light of orange is aura. At sunrise and sunset, the orange of the incandescent light is almost similar to that of the artificial light. Orange of tungsten makes the real characters surrealistic and mysterious. For example, there are The City of Madness(2016), The Man from Nowhere(2010), and Coinlocker Girl(2014). (4) Fantasy; communication with other worlds. Orange is a sweet fantasy. In our daily life, we go to a supermarket, share a chat with friends in a coffee shop, and spend time in front of a television. Orange makes our life free and dreams. It is the communication between the former being and the other world. This can be found in the sexual fantasy scenes of all genres. For example, there are Sunny(2011), Welcome To Dongmakgol(2005), and 200 Pounds Beauty(2006).

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1091-1094
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• 2004

High-luminous efficiency full-color emissions in photoluminescence (PL) were obtained in $GdVO_4$ phosphor thin films co-doped with various amounts of Eu, Er and/or Tm and postannealed at approximately 1000$^{\circ}C$. The $GdVO_4$:Eu,Er,Tm phosphor thin films were deposited on thick $BaTiO_3$ ceramic sheets by r.f. magnetron sputtering using powder targets and postannealed in an air atmosphere. The rare earth (RE) content (RE/(Gd+V+RE) atomic ratio) in the oxide phosphor thin films was varied in the range from 0.1 to 2 at.%. It was found that the excitation of $GdVO_4$:Eu.Er,Tm thin films is attributed to band-to-band transition. A white PL emission was obtained in a $GdVO_4$:Eu,Er,Tm thin film with Eu, Er and Tm contents of 0.2, 0.7 and 1 at.%, respectively: CIE chromaticity color coordinates. (X=0.352 and Y=0.351). In addition, a white emission was obtained in a thin-film electroluminescent (TFEL) device made with this thin film.