• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
• /
• v.1 no.1 s.1
• /
• pp.27-47
• /
• 2003

This research is to build the foundation of systematic application of color in cosmetology by analyzing color attributes in women's makeup presentation. The result were as follows. 1. The most popular color series in make up were R then RP and YR. The most popular color tone is 'd' and 'lt'. 2. Colors in make up according to age was as follows. For eye shadow, people aged 18 to 24 used 'lt' tone of the R color series; people aged 25 to 34 used 'lt', 's', 'sf tone of the R color series, 'lt' tone of the PB color series, 'lt' tone of the YR color series; people over 35 'g' tone of the YR color series, 'sf' tone of the P color series. For lipstick, people aged 18 to 24 used 'd' tone of the R color series; people aged 25 to 34 used 'd', 'sf' tone of the R color series; people over 35 used 'd' tone of the R color series. For lip-gloss, people aged 18 to 24 used 'v', 'lt', 'b', 's' tone of the R color series; people aged 25 to 34 used 's' 'd' 'dp' 'sf' tone of the R color series; people over 35 used 'b' tone of the R color series. 3. Make up colors according to marital status was as follows. For eye shadow, while married interviewees used 's', 'dk' tone of the R color series, single interviewees used 'lt', 'sf' tone of the R color series. For lipstick, while married interviewees used 'd', 'g' tone of the R color series, single interviewees preferred to use madder 'd', 'sf' tone of the R color series. For lip-gross, while married interviewees used 'd' tone of the R color series, single interviewees used 'b' tone of the R color series the most.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.30-44
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 64 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 384 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components (attractiveness, visibility, gracefulness, and tenderness). In the 4 image components, eyeshadow color and clothing tone showed independent effect. Lipstick tone influenced independently on the visibility and tenderness. In the contrast color coordination of clothing and makeup, visibility image by the coordination of lipstick color with lipstick tone, lipstick color with clothing tone or lipstick tone with clothing tone, gracefulness image by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color, tenderness image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color, eyeshadow color with lipstick tone or eyeshadow color with clothing tone.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2001

Based on the past research works on the relationship between face type and personality, personality and purchasing behavior, personality and preference for color, face type and preference for color, we assumed that there could be certain differences in preferred color tone in purchasing automobile according to face type. Objective of this paper is to analyze what differences there are preferred color tones of purchasing automobile by face type. The questionnaires on preferred color tone of automobile were investigated, and the tone of color were classified into light, dark, brilliant, plain tones, and the differences of preferred color tone of purchasing automobile were analyzed by the face types. The result showed the facts that compared with the other types, the rectangular face type preferred the light tone of color, whereas the other face types little showed a distinctive inclination for a particular color tone. Results of this research could be utilized for automobile sales policy for materials of research into color tones, provided some problems are fixed and the concrete researches into relationship between face type and personality, purchasing behavior, preference for color are carried out.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.355-366
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eye shadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) and clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli consisted of 64 color photos manipulated with the combination of eye shadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 384 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam Province. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components: attractiveness, visibility, cuteness, and stability. Eye shadow color, lipstick tone and clothing tone independently influenced on visibility, cuteness, and stability. Lipstick color independently influenced on the stability. In color coordination of clothing and makeup of the same hue, 1) visibility image can be created by the coordination of eye shadow color with lipstick color or clothing tone, or lipstick color with lipstick tone. 2) Cuteness image can be produced by the coordination of eye shadow color with lipstick or clothing tone, lipstick color with lipstick or clothing tone. 3) Stability image can be showed by the coordination of eye shadow color with lipstick tone.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.373-379
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of used color and tone on harmony perception by applying contrast coloration of shirt and necktie. This experiment designed by shirt color(red, blue, purple, green), tie color(green or blue tie with red shirt, yellow or red tie with blue shirt, yellow or green tie with purple shirt, purple or red tie with green shirt), shirt tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), tie tone(vivid, light, dull, dark), and perceiver gender(a male, a female). The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales, we harmonized those colors of shirts and neckties contrast, then made shirt and necktie tone differently. The subjects of this research were 640 male and 640 female college students. The data was analyzed by using SPS program. Shirt color, tie color, shirt tone, tie tone, perceiver gender influenced on harmony perception independently. Shirt color and tie color, shirt color and shirt tone, shirt color and perceiver gender, tie color and tie tone, tie color and perceiver gender, shirt tone and tie tone influenced on the harmony perception by interaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.67
• /
• pp.311-325
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing style(formal, casual), clothing tone(N9, N7, N4, N2) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 128 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, clothing style, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components, attractiveness, stability, cuteness, visibility, and tenderness. In the 5 image components, clothing style and clothing tone showed independent effect. In the stability, cuteness and visibility, lipstick color showed independent effect. Eyeshadow color and lipstick tone influenced independently on the attractiveness, stability and visibility. In the coordination of achromatic clothing with makeup face, attractiveness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing tone, cuteness image by the coordination of lipstick tone with clothing style or clothing style with clothing tone, visibility image can be produced by the coordination of eyeshadow color with lipstick color.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of systematic color combination for apparel and textile design. We planned the new color systems, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277 and HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 253 USED KOREAN TRADITIONAL COLORS. In order to emprove the efficiency, this study aims to explore the development of systematic color combination by computer graphics. With this purpose, this study progressed in the following order and we obtained these results. 1. First, we considered the possibility of the development of the systematic color combination used the new color system, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277. We considered the possibility of the development of the systematic color combination by graphic computer SDS-480. Through the experimental regulation of the RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and HLS (Hue, Lightness, Saturation) we obtained an approximation of the colors of the HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 277 on the CRT display of SDS-480. 2. We planned the new color system, HUE AND TONE COLOR SYSTEM 253 USED KOREAN TRADITIONAL COLORS for systematic color combination. 3. In a practical application, we tried five principal types of color combination in apparel and textile design, monochromatic combination, tone on tone combination, moderate combination, tonal combination, and contrast combination. 4. Furthermore, we applied the systematic color combination for the textile patterns by tone on tone combination. By using the systematic color combination for apparel and textile design, we realized the efficiency and utility of the systematic color combination.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 2010

The sensibility effects of color combinations was studied utilizing tone on tone combination and tone in tone combination. A total of 24 color combinations were rated by 10 college students using Semantic Differential Method. The data was analyzed by using Excel statistics program 2004. Analysis method was factor analysis. Theresults of this study were as follow. Color combinations utilizing tone on tone and color combinations utilizing tone in tone was evaluated a very different impression. Thus these were found to have an influence on sensibility effects of color combinations. In comparison with appearance of color combination using colored paper and that of product to apply to color combination using colored paper, it was showed to be evaluated mostly similar impression. However By characteristic with product, shape, size and texture, appearance of color combination is likely to be evaluated very difference impression. The results of these studies will serve as a basis of color combination image or color design.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.44 no.5 s.219
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color (brown, purple, and blue), lipstick color (red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone (vivid, light, dull, and dark) on impression formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales (7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 36 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, and lipstick tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 216 female undergraduates living in Jinju city. Impression factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, attractiveness and gracefulness, visibility, cuteness, and softness, of which the first two were important. Eyeshadow color, lipstick color, and lipstick tone independently influenced the attractiveness and gracefulness and visibility. In the cuteness and softness, eyeshadow color and lipstick tone showed independent effect. In the interaction effect, the combination of lipstick color and lipstick tone showed significant effect on the attractiveness and gracefulness, visibility, and cuteness. Finally, it was found that the combination of eveshadow color and tpstick tone showed significant difference in the softness.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.125-136
• /
• 2009

The main objective of this research was to understand the characteristics of complementary color scheme through the analysis of contemporary women's fashion color coordination as they appear in the 'Collections'. Data collection of 115 was done through review of 'pr$\hat{e}$t-$\grave{a}$-porter Collections' of four cities; Milan, London, New York, Paris. Statistical analysis of frequency and also qualitative interpretation of characteristics of complementary color harmony characteristics which appeared in four collections were completed. The main findings were as followed; (1) Only 115 complementary color schemes out of 4968 two color combinations appeared. Compared the comparative ratios of appearance frequency between the two color combination and the complementary color harmony, London showed the highest, and followed by New York, and Milan and Paris. (2)The combined color type of 'red+green' was the most frequently appeared, and followed by 'violet+yellow' and 'orange+blue'. For the type of tone harmony, the contrast tone showed the most, and followed by the similarity and identity. According to the type of complementary color combination, the type of tone harmony used differently. Some differences showed in the types of color harmony and tone harmony between collections. (3) The complementary color scheme which shown in four collections harmonized two opposite colors mainly through the strong tone contrast and this could cause tension along with interest in the image. The complementary colors intensified and brought out the attributes each other. More details, high contrast of two complementary colors of yellow and violet created a vibrant look especially when used at higher saturation. Sometimes, however, some tone variations of two hues neutralized the strong effect and sometimes enhanced each other. When they used in similarity tones or identity tones in light colors, the tension was reduced and became softened but still presented nice harmony. In the type of 'red+green' color harmony, the various color combinations were demonstrated, mostly through tone manipulation of green color. The similarity tone harmony, which used the most, could effect a better sense of harmony and present more sophisticated looks. When used in contrast tone harmony, some changes in its own color which have only one color of two the excessive intensity led a good harmony. The 'orange+blue' color harmony was shown the least and used three tone harmony almost the same ratio. In this color harmony, blue amplified its energy and brilliance of orange and seemed to work better when one color was at a lower intensity than the other. In harmony with a similarity and an identity tone, this color harmony produces a stable and calm image. (4) The complementary scheme appeared more frequently in the S/S collections than in A/W collections and showed some differences in the types of color harmony and tone harmony between seasons, however, no big differences between collections.