• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.299-303
• /
• 2002

The oral bioavailability of itraconazole is variable and low in fasting state. This is mainly due to the low solubility of this drug. Bioavailability can be improved by changing the formulation and it is general that the liquid preparations show greater bioavailability than the solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules do. Benzyl alcohol-water binary mixture showed the excellent solubilizing capacity for itraconazole but the release of the drug from the preparation needs to be enhanced. In this study, various nonionic surfactants and hydrophilic polymers, poloxamers, were screened to investigate their effects on the releasε of itraconazole from the liquid preparations. Poloxamer 407 showed the most enhancing effect on the drug release and the release rate was proportional to thε amount of poloxamer 407 added. A liquid preparation of itraconazole, consisting of benzyl alcohol/water/poloxamer 407 ternary solvent system, releasεd more than 80% of the total drug amount at 5 min and showεd the possibility of a new formulation development.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.231-239
• /
• 2016

Objectives : Pruritus is a skin disorder that usually occurs in the elderly. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of external preparation containing Ponciri fructus and Radix lithospermi on senile pruritus and xeroderma with liver cirrhosis.Methods : We treated 85-years-old liver cirrhosis patient suffered from itching sensation on the whole body with external preparation containing Ponciri fructus and Radix lithospermi and oral administration of Sodalgeonbitang for 37 days.Results : Despite discontinuing western medical treatment of topical steroids and oral antihistamine, pruritus and erythema of the patient were significantly improved.Conclusions : As for external application, decoction of Ponciri fructus and Radix lithospermi might be effective used for treatment senile pruritus and xeroderma.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.257-263
• /
• 2001

The microspheres have been developed as a new drug delivery system. Although many particulate drug carriers, such as liposome, niosome and emulsion, have been introduced, injectable and biodegradable microspheres appears to be a particularly ideal delivery system because the local anesthesia is not necessary for the insertion of large implants and for the removal of the device after the drug release is finished. Biodegradable microspheres with nicotine and triamcinolone acetonide are prepared and evaluated. As biodegradible polymers, PLA (M.W. 15,000, PLA-0015), PLGA (M.W. 17,000, RG 502) and PLGA (M.W. 8,600, RG 502H) are used. This study attempted to prepare and evaluate the nicotine and triamcinolone acetonide-incorporated microspheres, which were prepared by two methods, solvent-evaporation and spray-drying methods. The microspheres, as a disperse system for injections, were evaluated by particle size, size distribution, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release patterns. The differences of preparation method, partition coefficient, types of polymer, and preparation conditions of microspheres influence the particle size, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release patterns.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2011

Acute toxicity of a combined preparation of the standardized extracts Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI and Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE in a ratio of 3:1 was examined in male and female ICR mice. Mice were treated with the test substance intragastrically at a dose of 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg or 2,000 mg/kg and observed for two weeks. No death or abnormal clinical sign was shown during the observation period. Also there were no difference in net body weight gain, organ weight, and gross pathological findings at the terminal sacrifice. The results suggested that acute oral toxicity of a combined preparation of the standardized extracts is very low at the conditions employed in this study.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.117-127
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influenced the preparation for later life of the age group of 30s, 40s, and 50s in production workers. Methods: The participants for this study were 320 men working in 2 workspaces of Ulsan city. The data was collected from May to July, 2010 using structured questionnaires. Chi-square, One way ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 17.0 program were used to analyze the data. Results: There were statistically significant differences among 30s, 40s, and 50s workers regarding the preparation for later life, health promoting behavior, knowledge and attitude of cerebrocardiovascular (CVD) diseases. 50s workers were significantly more higher than 30s and 40s regarding the preparation for later life, health promoting behavior, cognition and attitude of CVD diseases. The model including variables related to the preparation for later life explained variance of 42.3% of 30s, 36.0% of 40s, and 28.5% of 50s workers. Finally, cognition of CVD diseases and social support were predictors in explaining the level of the preparation for later life among production workers. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, nursing interventions should be developed to improve the preparation for later life of production workers according to age differences.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제36호
• /
• pp.57-92
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 경호 및 무도 전공 대학생의 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치는 변수들의 구조적 관계를 규명함으로써 진로준비행동이 취해지는 매커니즘(mechanism)을 확인하고, 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 진로 준비행동을 촉진할 수 있는 제언을 하고자 한다. 이를 위해 경기도 지역 경호전공과 무도전공 대학생을 모집단으로 설정 하였다. 이에 따른 표집방법은 비확률 표본추출법(nonprobability sampling)중 유의표집(purposive sampling)방법이며, 총 434부가 자료 분석에 이용되었다. 본 연구에서는 전공만족과 무도수련만족을 독립변수로 설정하고, 진로결정 자기효능감과 진로준비행동을 각각 매개변수와 종속변수로 설정하였다. 연구의 주요 연구결과를 요약하여 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전공만족은 진로결정 자기효능감에 정(+)적인 영향을 나타냈다. 둘째, 무도수련만족은 진로결정 자기효능감에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전공만족은 진로준비행동에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 매개변수인 진로결정 자기효능감은 진로준비행동에 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전공만족과 진로준비행동의 관계에서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 전공 집단별 잠재평균분석 결과, 전공만족, 무도만족, 진로결정 자기효능감 및 진로준비행동 변인에서 차이가 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.291-299
• /
• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 진로장벽과 진로준비행동의 관계에서 진로탄력성과 진로탄력성의 하위변인들(자기신뢰, 성취열망, 진로자립, 변화대처, 관계활용)의 매개 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 대학생 338명을 연구 대상으로 선정하고, 이들의 자료를 SPSS 25.0과 Hayes의 Process Macro를 통해 분석하였다. 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로장벽은 진로준비행동, 진로탄력성 및 진로탄력성 하위변인들과 유의미한 부적 상관을 나타냈고, 진로준비행동은 진로탄력성 및 진로탄력성 하위변인들과 유의미한 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 진로장벽과 진로준비행동의 관계에서 진로탄력성은 유의미한 완전 매개효과를 보였다. 이는 진로탄력성이 매개했을 때 진로장벽은 진로탄력성을 통해서 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치지만, 진로장벽이 직접 진로준비행동에 영향을 미치지는 못한다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 진로장벽과 진로준비 행동의 관계에서 진로탄력성의 하위변인들 중 성취열망과 진로자립만이 유의미한 매개효과가 있고, 자기신뢰, 변화대처, 관계활용은 유의미한 매개효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 진로교육의 시사점 및 후속연구를 위한 제안을 논하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서 페룰산이 함유된 미강추출물의 첨가가 육계생산성에 미치는 영향에서 일당 증체량과 사료요구율을 개선시켰다. 일당 증체량은 육계 전기(1~21일령), 육계 후기(22~30일령), 전체 사육기간(1~30일령) 모든 사육기간에서 RBEX을 첨가한 모든 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다(P<0.05). 사료요구율에서도 모든 사육기간에서 페룰산을 첨가한 모든 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의성 있게 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있었고(P<0.05), 혈중 성분 중 총 콜레스테롤과 혈중 글로블린 수치에 유의차 있는 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였고(P<0.05), 장내균총 중 페룰산을 처리한 처리구가 대조구에 비하여 유산생성균의 균수가 유의하게 증가하는 결과를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), coliforms에서는 대조구에 비해서 페룰산을 첨가한 처리구에서 유의하게 감소하는 결과가 나타냈다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아 페룰산이 함유된 미강 추출물의 첨가는 육계의 성장촉진 등 생산성이 개선되는 것으로 나타나 항생제 대체제로의 이용가능성이 시사되었으며, 체내 대사생리 및 근육내 물리적 특성에 부정적인 영향 없이 가식성 근육 내 지질산화를 유의하게 억제하는 결과를 나타내어 보존성을 개선한 기능성 양계산물의 생산에 도움을 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2011

This study assessed the effect of preparation design on marginal adaptation and also compared the sensitivity and specificity of clinical evaluation techniques for marginal accuracy of cast restorations to stereomicroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three Ivorine molar teeth of different designs were prepared. (A)-A complete crown preparation with buccal shoulder and beveled finish line. (B)-A complete crown preparation with chamfer finish line. (C)-A three-quarter crown preparation with proximal boxes and beveled finish line. Twenty four castings were prepared with eight castings for each design respectively. Each casting underwent examination with an explorer, disclosing media, and a stereomicroscope. Stereomicroscopy at a value less than or equal to 30 microns was used as a gold standard to evaluate the significance of different designs on marginal adaptation. Chi-square tests of independence and Kruskal-Wallis were used to evaluate the effect of preparation design and compare the agreement between examination methods for detection of marginal gap size of greater than or equal to 30 microns (${\alpha}$=.05). Sensitivity and specificity for explorer and disclosing media as compared to stereomicroscope was calculated using statistical formula given by Park. RESULTS. The preparation design did not significantly affect overall marginal adaptation. Examination by explorer and disclosing media at $30 \;{mu}m$ revealed 39% and 10.06% sensitivity and 91% and 82% specificity respectively. CONCLUSION. Preparation designs examined in this study did not significantly affect the marginal adaptation of the castings. Commonly used clinical evaluation techniques using explorer and disclosing media appeared to be inadequate for assessment of marginal accuracy.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.499-512
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage electrochemically using different retrograde filling materials, different root resection angle, and different cavity preparation instruments. 104 extracted single-rooted teeth were selected for this study. 100 teeth were used as experimental groups and four was used as controls. Anatomical crowns were resected, root canals were prepared, and the apical 2 mm of roots were removed. The experimental roots were randomly divided into five equal groups. Experimental groups : Group 1. no bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, amalgam filling Group 2. no bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, SuperEBA cement filling Group 3. no bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, desiccated ZOE filling Group 4. $45^{\circ}$ bevel, cavity preparation with ultrasonic instruments, amalgam filling Group 5. no bevel, cavity preparation with conventional bur, amalgam filling Microleakage was measured once a day for 30 days using electrochemical method and were analyzed statistically. The results were as follows : 1. The group with Super EBA cement filling showed the least marginal leakage from second to fourth day(p<0.05), there was no significant difference between the group with amalgam filling during eighth to eighteenth day(p>0.05), but after the nineteenth day here was a higher marginal leakage than the group with amalgam filling(p<0.05). 2. The group with desiccated ZOE filling demostrated that the highest marginal leakage, started on the eighth day(p<0.05). 3. The group using ultrasonic instrument showed lower marginal leakage than the group using bur until the nineteenth day(p<0.05), but there was no significant differnce with the group using bur after twentythird day(p>0.05). 4. The group without bevel showed lower marginal leakage than the group with bevel (p<0.05). 5. Whether bevel or nor had much more effect on marginal leakage than with cavity perparation instrument when the cavity was retrogrdefilled with amalgam(stepwise regression).