• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.122.2-122.2
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• 2003

Gelatin protein is derived from animal collagen tissues and is therefore present in many kinds of animal protein food. The biological origin and biocompatibility of gelatin has led to wide-ranging applications in the pharmaceutical and medical fields; for example, as sealants for vascular prostheses, bone-repairing materials, wound healing agents and scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of collagen and gleatin on the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene which plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes in macrophages. (omitted)

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

Background: Korean Red Ginseng has been used as a traditional oriental medicine to treat illness and to promote health for several thousand years in Eastern Asia. It is widely accepted that ginseng saponins, ginsenosides, are the major active ingredients responsible for Korean Red Ginseng's therapeutic activity against many kinds of illness. Although the crude saponin fraction (CSF) displayed antiplatelet activity, the molecular mechanism of its action remains to be elucidated. Methods: The platelet aggregation was induced by collagen, the ligand of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}{\beta}_I$ and glycoprotein VI. The crude saponin's effects on granule secretion [e.g., calcium ion mobilization and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release] were determined. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38 MAPK, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt was analyzed by immunoblotting. In addition, the activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}b{\beta}_{III}$ was examined by fluorocytometry. Results: CSF strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation and ATP release in a concentration-dependent manner. It also markedly suppressed $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. Immunoblotting assay revealed that CSF significantly suppressed ERK1/2, p38, JNK, PI3K, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, our fraction strongly inhibited the fibrinogen binding to integrin ${\alpha}_{IIb}{\beta}_3$. Conclusion: Our present data suggest that CSF may have a strong antiplatelet property and it can be considered as a candidate with therapeutic potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders involving abnormal platelet function.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.669-679
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• 1996

Gingival overgrowth is a well known side effect of several drugs, including nifedipine, phenytoin, cyclosporin, dilitiazem, verapamil. A number of studies have been performed to investigate the mechanism by which nifedipine(a calcium channel blocking agent) affects the gingival tissue. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of nifedipine on healthy gingival fibroblasts with special emphasis on determining the changes in cellular proliferation and protein and collagen synthesis. Gingival fibroblasts were obtained from the explants of healthy gingiva of extracted 3rd molars or premolar teeth extracted from the patients for orthodontic treatment. To evaluate the effect of nifedipine on cell proliferation, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4$cells/well in 24-well culture plates and treated with 100 and 200ng/ml of nifedipine for 10days. After trypsinization, the cells were counted with a haemocytometer on 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days. Then, MTT assay was carried out. For total protein and percent collagen synthesis, $3{\mu}Ci/ml$ $^3H-proline$ was added to each well for the final 4 hours of the incubation period. The results indicate that nifedipine does not influence cell proliferation in healthy gingival fibroblast in vitro and has a specific effect in reducing total protein and percent collagen synthesis. On the above the findings, exogenous nifedipine does not influence on healthy human gingival fibroblast proliferation and protein and collagen synthesis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.361-369
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• 2015

The precise mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of an extraction powder of Angelica gigas (AGE) for the treatment of degenerative osteoarthritis was investigated in primary cultured rabbit chondrocytes and in a monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis rat model. The treatment with AGE (50 μg/mL) effectively inhibited NF-B activation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was clarified by gelatin zymography and western blotting measurements of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities. The AGE (50 μg/mL) treatment significantly reduced MMP-9 activity. The constituents of AGE— decursinol, decursin, and decursinol angelate—were determined by LC-MS/MS after a 24 hr treatment of rabbit chondrocytes. The contents of the major products, decursin and decursinol angelate, were 3.62±0.47 and 2.14 ±0.36 μg/mg protein, respectively in AGE-treated (50 μg/mL) rabbit chondrocytes. An in vivo animal study on rats fed a diet containing 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg AGE for 3 weeks revealed a significant inhibition of the MMPs in the MIA-induced rat articular cartilage. The genetic expression of arthritic factors in the articular cartilage was examined by RT-PCR of collagen Type I, collagen Type II, aggrecan, and MMP (MMP3, MMP-9, MMP13). Specifically, AGE up-regulated the expression of collagen Type I, collagen Type II, and aggrecan and inhibited MMP levels at all tested concentrations. Collectively, AGE showed a strong specific site of action on MMP regulation and protected against the degeneration of articular cartilage via cellular regulation of MMP expression both in vitro and in vivo.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2022

A dog aged two years and seven months and a cat aged seven years were referred owing to fractures of long bones. Preoperative radiographs revealed comminuted bone fractures close to joints. Conventionally, long-bone fractures are treated using intramedullary pins, plate and screw systems, or an external fixator system. In cases of non-reducible fractures, various graft materials have been used in fracture treatments to stimulate bone repair. Here, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and a collagen membrane were applied. Four weeks after surgery, fractured bone fragments began to unite and the bone union was observed using radiography four months after surgery. No complications occurred related to grafted materials. We successfully applied rhBMP-2 and collagen membranes in two different species to support the healing process of comminuted fractures, according to the concept of guided bone regeneration.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.81-84
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• 2021

Collagen, which accounts for one-third of human protein, is reduced due to human aging, and much attention is focused on making collagen into food to prevent such aging. Gel permeation chromatography with Reflective Index (RI) detection (GPC/RI) was chosen as the most suitable instrument to confirm molecular weight distribution, and we explored the use of this technique for analysis of collagen peptide molecular sizes and distributions. Data reliability was verified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization coupled to time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis. The data were considered meaningful for comparative analysis of molecular weight distribution patterns.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.127-138
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• 2009

Objectives : The author aimed to evaluate the effect of BuOH fraction(ST) from Schizonepeta tenuifolia on osteoblast proliferation in murine calvarial cells. Methods : The osteoblast separated from murine calvariae was cultivated for 10 days and evaluated the cell function. After the addition of ST on the culture medium, we determined the effect of ST on the cell proliferation, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and apoptosis of the osteoblast. Results : 1. ST increased the proliferation of osteoblast, and restored the decreased cell number in glucocorticoid (GC)-treated osteoblast. 2. ST increased protein synthesis of osteoblast, and restored the decreased protein synthesis in GC-treated osteoblast. 3. ST increased ALP activity of osteoblast, and restored the decreased enzyme activity in GC-treated osteoblast. 4. ST increased collagen synthesis of osteoblast, and restored the decreased collagen synthesis in GC-treated osteoblast. 5. ST did not change the survival rate of osteoblast, but increased the survival rate in GC-treated osteoblast. Conclusions : It is concluded that ST might reduce the osteoporosis resulted from augumentation of osteoblast proliferation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 1998

An experiment was conducted to investigate correlations of litter size and average serum progesterone concentrations during pregnancy with mammary gland growth and development at parturition. Twenty ewes (5, 9, 4, and 2 ewes carrying 0, 1, 2, and 3 lambs, respectively) were used to measure weekly serum progesterone concentration during pregnancy. At parturition, the experimental ewes were slaughtered for determination of mammary gland growth and development at parturition (mammary dry fat-free tissue [DFFT], DNA, RNA, collagen, protein, and glycogen). Correlation of mammary DFFT with litter size and averages serum progesterone concentrations were 0.75 and 0.72, respectively. Litter size or maternal serum progesterone concentrations did not correlate with the mammary DNA concentration. However, litter size or maternal serum progesterone concentrations positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the mammary RNA and protein concentrations, but negatively correlated with the mammary collagen (p < 0.01) and. glycogen (p < 0.05) concentrations. Litter size or maternal serum progesterone positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the total mammary DNA, RNA, collagen, protein and glycogen contents. These results implied that the increased concentrations of progesterone with the increased litter size during pregnancy improved mammary gland growth and development at parturition.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 1996

A collagenase was isolated from the culture filtrate of Vibrio mimicus (ATCC 33658). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, which an activity recovery of 22%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 42 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, indication a monomer structure. The optimum pH and temperature od the enzyme for insoluble collagen (Type I) were around 7.75 and 28$\circ$C, respectively. Some chelating agents and serine protease inhibitor inactivated the enzyme, but L-cysteine and histidine did not affect the activity. The amino acid composition indicated that the collagenase contained high amounts of amino acid residues of glycine and alanine. The K$_{m}$ and R$_{cat}$/K$_{m}$ values for the collagenase, using insoluble collagen (type I) as substrate, were 2.86 mg/ml and 972.28 U/mg-protein, respectively.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.89-94
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• 2011

Objective : Kyenegum has been frequently used for characterizing digestive symptoms in the traditional and oriental medicines. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of extracts from velvet antlers using the 4 different kinds of extracting methods. Methods : The extracts of velvet antlers were extracted using a $65^{\circ}C$ DW (9hrs), a Kyenegum crude enzyme, a $121^{\circ}C$ DW (2hrs), and a Kyenegum protease. To evaluate the characteristic of velvet antler extracts, we examined the brix, soluble solid, amino acid, mineral composition, and collagen protein. Results : As a result of the comparisons of velvet antlers extracted by the traditional extraction and the crude enzyme of kyenegum, the brix and soluble solid showed the higher contents for kyenegum enzymes. Also, mineral contents of the extracted velvet antlers were higher, particularly in Ca and P for those. The contents of collagen protein, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, were found to be more than twice in kyenegum protease compared with other extracting methods. Conclusion : These results indicated that the Kyenegum crude enzyme and protease are very effective to extract of velvet antlers.