• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 2007

tisue disease of dog and cat, resembling Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) in man. EDS is characterizedby loose, hyperextensible and, fragile skin, it is attributed to mutations in connective tisue gene. Thesemutations cause defects in type I or II collagen synthesis and as a result lack of strength or elasticityto skin, joint, ligament and vessels. EDS-affected animals often experience subcutaneous hematomas thathave long bleeding times. The 4-years old male Yorkshire terrier was evaluated because of subcutaneoushematoma after stifle surgery. Clinical examination revealed a thin and hyperextensible skin and jointlaxity. The degree of skin extensibility index was 23.4%, marked skin stretchy. Clinical diagnosis wasconfirmed by histophathological examination of a skin biopsy revealing reduced packing density ofcollagen fiber of skin.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.23 no.1 s.40
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic force on periodontal cellular activity by immunoperoxidase stain of epidermal growth factor, one of the tissue hormone. And supplementarily, to investigate of the changes of periodontal structures, periodontium was stained by H-E, Masson's Trichrome, P. A. S. stain after orthodontic force application. The experimental animals were four young adult dogs of average 8 month old. The fixed orthodontic appliance was cemented on mandibular right 4th premolar and 1st molar of each animal as experimental site. Mandibular left 4th premolar area of the same animal was used as control. The appliance consist of two silver crown soldered with 0.030' tube, $0.018\times0.022'$ S.S. sectional arch wire, and 0.009' open coil spring for manifestating of orthodontic force for bodily tooth movement of mandibular 4th premolar toward mesial direction. Experimental group was sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 5 weeks from beginning of the experiment, and was investigated immunohistochemically and bistochemically by several staining methods. Findings were as follows: 1. The degree of EGF staining in control group was highest in epithelium of periodontium, and osteoclasts, osteoblasts and fibroblasts around the capillary were stained at higher level in periodontium. Generally, control group shows positive distribution of EGF all around the periodontal area. 2. The degree of EGF staining in control and 5 week group were similar, and did not show the significant different level between tension and pressure side. 3. All of 1, 2, 3 week group showed the same staining degree and distribution of EGF, and the tension side was more positive reaction of EGF stain than the pressure side. 4. The features of collagen fiber and periodontal fiber arrangement observed by H-E, Masson's Trichrome and P. A. S. stain revealed that oblique periodontal fibers were strectched in tension side, compressed in pressure side of all experimental group. Some fiber group in pressure side of 5 week group recovered the regular arrangement along the capillaries.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 2008

The object of this study is to investigate the effects of intermittent cyclic stretching on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) seeded onto aligned multi-layered fibrous scaffold. To make multi-layered fibrous scaffold, polyurethane (PU) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were electrospun alternatively, then were immersed into distilled water to extract PEO. Various types of scaffolds were fabricated depending on fiber directions, i.e., aligned or randomly oriented. The direction of stretching was either parallel or vertical to the fiber direction for the aligned scaffolds. The stretching was also applied to the randomly aligned scaffolds. The duration of stretching was 2 min with 15 min resting period. During the stretching, the maximum and minimum strain was adjusted to be 10 and 7%, respectively with the frequency of 1 Hz. The bioactivities of cells on the scaffolds were assessed by quantifying DNA, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels. And the cell morphology was observed by staining F-actin. SMCs under parallel stretching to the fiber direction responded more positively than those in other conditions. From the results, we could explain the morphological effect of a substrate on cellular activities. In addition the synergistic effects of substrate and mechanical stimuli effects were confirmed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.290-302
• /
• 1994

This study was aimed to clarify the histopathological changes in the experimental animal model subjcted to rigid fixation performed across the frontonasal sutrue in growing rabbits. Sixteen rabbits aged 6 weeks used. In experimental group(n=12), rigid fixation with miniplates and screws was performed across the frontonasal suture. Control group(n=4) was those with periosteal elevation only. Experimental animals were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week after operation, and frontonasal suture area was excised for light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In control groups, collagen fiber bundles ran in the midportion of bone sutrue and cambial layers were seen at bone surface. Sutural surfaces are beveled and external and internal bony projected portions were observed. 2. In experimental groups, distance of bone suture was decreased by new bone formation on the 2nd week, while increased by bone resorption at the miniplate applied area and bone formation in the adjacent bone on the 4th week. 3. In experimental groups, the original bone surface was almost resorbed and new bone formation was found on the 8th week. Regulary-run collagen fibers, smooth and dense bone surfaces were similar to the bone patterns of control groups on the 12th week. Above results suggest that bone formation is restricted where the miniplate is applied, while compensatory growth is appeared in the adjacent bont. It is considered that rigid fixation with miniplates and acrews results in a little disturbance of sutural growth of the craniofacial bone in infancy and children when applied for short duration.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.391-400
• /
• 2020

Objective: Increased gingival elasticity has been implicated as the cause of relapse following orthodontic rotational tooth movement and approaches to reduce relapse are limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis, on gene expression in gingival fibroblasts and relapse after rotational tooth movement in beagle dogs. Methods: The lower lateral incisors of five beagle dogs were rotated. SFN or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were injected into the supra-alveolar gingiva of the experimental and control group, respectively, and the effect of SFN on relapse tendency was evaluated. Changes in mRNA expression of extracellular matrix components associated with gingival elasticity in beagles were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Morphology and arrangement of collagen fibers were observed on Masson's trichrome staining of buccal gingival tissues of experimental and control teeth. Results: SFN reduced the amount and percentage of relapse of orthodontic rotation. It also decreased the gene expression of lysyl oxidase and increased the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and MMP 12, compared with DMSO control subjects. Histologically, collagen fiber bundles were arranged irregularly and were not well connected in the SFN-treated group, whereas the fibers extended in parallel and perpendicular directions toward the gingiva and alveolar bone in a more regular and well-ordered arrangement in the DMSO-treated group. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that SFN treatment may be a promising pharmacologic approach to prevent orthodontic rotational relapse caused by increased gingival elasticity of rotated teeth in beagle dogs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.504-511
• /
• 2018

Background Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) helps wound healing by stimulating angiogenesis, acting as a chemoattractant for endothelial cells, providing growth factors, and permitting a substrate for fibroblasts to attach. The current standard for using paste-type ADM (CG Paste) in wound healing is direct application over the wounds. The major concerns regarding this method are unpredictable separation from the wounds and absorption into negative-pressure wound therapy devices. This study aimed to investigate the effects of subcutaneous injection of paste-type ADM on wound healing in rats. Methods Full-thickness skin defects were created on the dorsal skin of rats. Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated using different wound coverage methods: group A, with a saline dressing; group B, standard application of CG Paste; and group C, injection of CG Paste. On postoperative days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, the wound areas were analyzed morphologically. Histological and immunohistochemical tissue analyses were performed on postoperative days 3 and 7. Results Groups B and C had significantly less raw surface than group A on postoperative days 10 and 14. Collagen fiber deposition and microvessel density were significantly higher in group C than in groups A and B on postoperative days 3 and 7. Conclusions This study showed comparable effectiveness between subcutaneous injection and the conventional dressing method of paste-type ADM. Moreover, the injection of CG Paste led to improved wound healing quality through the accumulation of collagen fibers and an increase in microvessel density.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 1998

Rhynchocypris oxycephalus was incised through the midlateral line between the dorsal and pectoral fins and the wounds were closed with absorbable synthetic suture, and here we describe histological details on the nature of second-intention wound healing, rate of healing, and the nature of granulation tissue contraction. Postoperative survivals were 95% and 99%, compared to 100% for counterpart control fish, among fish at just and 7 days after surgery, respectively. By 14~42 days after surgery, fish had no mortality. The granulation tissue was epithelialized from day 7 through day 22 postsurgery. By 28 days postsurgery, the granulation tissue had contracted the wound margins into apposition. By 35~42 days postsurgery, the granulatin tissue contained collagen fiber and the epidermis contained well-differentiated alarm substance cells ; thus, the epidermis over the wound site was histologically normal in most fish, showed that wound healing was essentially complete within 35 days of surgery.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.334-343
• /
• 2016

Background: Progressed tissue culture techniques have allowed us to easily obtain mass products of tissue-cultured mountain ginseng over 100 yr old (TCMG-100). We investigated the effects of TCMG-100 extract on erectile function using in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: To examine the relaxation effects and mechanisms of action of TCMG-100 on rabbit cavernosal strips evaluated in an organ bath. To investigate the long-term treatment effect of TCMG-100, 8-wk administration was performed. After administration of TCMG-100, intracavernosal pressure, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and nitric oxide (NO) levels of cavernosal tissue, serum testosterone level, histological observation of collagen fiber, endothelium, smooth muscle cell, and transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ were investigated. Results: TCMG-100 extract displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit corporal smooth muscle. The TCMG-100-induced relaxation was significantly reduced by removing the endothelium, and treatment with an NO synthase inhibitor or NO scavenger. Eight weeks of TCMG-100 administration increased intracavernosal pressure in a rat model. The levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate and NO in the corpus callosum and serum testosterone level were also increased by TCMG-100 treatment. Furthermore, histological evaluation of collagen, smooth muscle, and endothelium showed increases in endothelium and smooth muscle, and a decrease in transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ expression. Conclusion: These relaxation effects on corporal smooth muscle and increased erectile function suggest that TCMG-100 might be used as an alternative herbal medicine to improve erectile function.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.827-837
• /
• 2019

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new soybean product (cheonggukjang) fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 (SFBA) in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Visual evaluation of AD induction in the mice indicated the remarkable control of SFBA in reducing the pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions reported as the SCORAD score of AD clinical symptoms. The results revealed that SFBA reduced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness to a similar extent with prednisolone. Further analysis revealed the dominance of SFBA in restraining mast cell infiltration in the dermis; immunoglobulin-E expression in serum; and TH2 IL-4 cytokine and itch-related IL-31 cytokine in the mice skin and serum. SFBA also suppressed scratching behaviours in mice induced by compound 48/80. Further histological findings also revealed the alleviation of collagen fiber deposition in dermal skin of the AD mice model. These actions of SFBA were examined to be mediated by its suppression of the phosphorylation activation of key signalling molecules such as $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK responsible for the induction of cytokine production. Thus, SFBA can be considered as a promising functional food for managing clinical, histological and immunological spectra associated with AD.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.86-86
• /
• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB) has been widely studied to treat inflammatory diseases in east Asia. In the recent years, many studies have focused on modifying herbs to increase the pharmacological effects. Roasting alcohol absorbed SB is one of the traditional methods to increase the therapeutic effects. Currently there are no reports on the pharmacological effects of roasted SB. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of roasted 30% ethyl alcohol absorbed SB extract (SR) on mice ear edema. After intra-gastric injection of dexamethasone (for positive control, 2 mg/kg) and SR (50, 100, 400 mg/kg), ear edema was provoked by croton oil (5% v/v in acetone, 10 ul/ear). Ear thickness was measured with a digital caliper to quantify the change in swelling. For histological study, we made paraffin sections and performed Phloxine-Tartrazine staining and Masson's trichrome staining to observe epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous region and collagen fiber of mice ear tissues. Ear thickness decreased dose-dependent manner in SR treated groups. Histological analysis compared with dexamethasone treated group, SR treated groups demonstrated a similar reduction in hypoplasia of epidermis and influx of inflammatory cells. Increase of subcutaneous layer and decrease of collagen fibers were significantly recovered in SR treated group (400 mg/kg) and dexamethasone treated group. In conclusion, treatment with SR ameliorates auricular inflammation induced with croton oil in mice. Experiments are now underway to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory activities of SR.