• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2016

Purpose : This study was designed to provide basic data of effective sanitization method of sprout vegetable for microbiological safety. Methods : Sanitization treatments were performed by dipping the sprout into chlorine and vinegar water. Microbial analysis were composed of the total plate count(TPC) and coliform group count(CGC). Result : Among chlorine water sanitization, the microbial reduction was largest in 100ppm chlorine water, and its TPC and coliform group count decreased to 6.01 log CFU/g and 5.06 log CFU/g. The effective dipping time in 100ppm chlorine water treatment was 5.97 log CFU/g and 5.91 log CFU/g for 30min and 60min, in which TPC were below the microbiological safety limits of 6.00 log CFU/g. Coliform group counts were decreased to 5.44, 5.46, 5.42 log CFU/g in the dipping the spouts for 30min, 60min and 90min. As a result of sanitizing alfalfa spout by vinegar water, a microbial counts tended to decrease with increasing concentration and the dipping time. The effective concentration of vinegar water was 2% for TPC(6.00 log CFU/g) and 1% for coliform group count(5.20 log CFU/g). With 1% vinegar water treatment, TPC became below the microbiological safety limits in all samples and in particular, the sample treated for 60min and 90min(4.93, 4.54 log CFU/g). While coliform group counts were decreased to 3.91 log CFU/g in the dipping the sprouts for 90min, those were still beyond the permitted limit. Conclusion : To secure the food safety of food service facilities including kindergarten feeding, it is considered that along with the systematic study of effective disinfection method for microbiological control at the preconditioning level of spout vegetable within the range of secured maleficence to human body, and the study regarding the measures to lower the initial microbiological pollution of spout vegetable.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 1974

A study was carried out to find out the biological contamination of beaches in Korea from May 16, to June 2, 1972. Turbidity was measured and coliform groups were examined by membrane filter method as well as general sanitary condition of beaches. Main findings were as follows: 1. The average coliform group count was 5.0 per 100 ml of tested water, and the range of coliform. group count was 0~120 out of 8 beaches, Chungmun beach was found to be the least contaminated while Daechun was the most contaminated (23. 3/100 ml), however, those beaches surveyed. were satisfactory as far as bacteriological contaminations were concerned. 2. The average coliform group count of water samples from rising tides was 2.8/100 ml. The range of coliform count from rising tide was 0~26/100 ml, and those from receding were 1~120/100 ml. 3. The average turbidity of the water in Korean western beaches was 5.0 ppm, while that of Chejudo was 2.0 ppm. of 8 beaches surveyed, the turbidity of Daechon beach was the highest (7.0 ppm). 4. Out of 8 beaches surveyed shower facilities existed at only 4 beaches (50%), however the drainages of showers and bath rooms were not sanitarily adequate.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 1993

One hundred and eighty-seven water samples were collected from 23 of spring water, 2 of ground water, 1 of tap water in Pusan area and 3 of natural mineral waters. Total coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and microflora were investigated to evaluate water quality of drinking water. The results were as follows: range and geometric mean value of total coliform and fecal coliform MPN's of spring water were 0~1,500/100 ml, 85/100 ml and 0~460/100 ml, 24/100 ml but coliform group was not detected in the samples of tap water and natural mineral water. Viable cell count of spring water, ground water and tap water were lower as 100 cell than the criteria for drinking water but that of natural mineral water was higher as 6.5X 10$^2$~7.4X 10$^3$ /ml. Predominant speces among the 219 strains isolated from the samples were 19.6% Aeromonas spp., 19.2% Enterobacteriaceae, 16% Acinetobacter spp. Especially, spring water and vessels were contaminated by Hafnia spp. and Providencia Spp, inhabitant of the oral cavity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 1983

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of ground water in Pusan area(see Fig. 1). One hundred and thirty two water samples were collected from the 11 stations from October 1981 to Sept ember 1982. To evaluate the sanitary quality, coliform group, fecal coliform, viable cell count and composition of coliform group by IMViC reaction were observed. The median value of coliform group MPN of the samples were 59/100 ml in Udong and Daesindong, 68/100 ml in Suyeong, Yeonsandong and Sungjigog, 43/100 ml in Jenpodong and Mangmidong, 33/100 ml in Yeongdo and Dongrae, and 13.3/100 ml in Gammandong. Geometric mean of fecal coliform MPM was 4.1/100ml in Udong, 8.6/100 ml in Suyeong, 8.1/100 ml in Jenpodong, 6.1/100 ml in Daesindong and Dongrae, 8.7/100 ml in Yeongdo, 7.1/100 ml in Mangmidong, 6.5/100 ml in Yeonsandong, 9.1/100 ml in Sungjigog, 3.0/100 ml in Gammandong and 7.6/100 ml in Gupo. The seasonal difference of total coliform showed much more contamination in June or July when there were more climers than in December though it was caused by the rise of loafer temperature. With 50 percentile of total coliform MPN July was about 30 times higher than December for July was 163.5/100 ml and December 5.3/100 ml, Particularly, June was about 1.3 times higher than July in contamination because of a sudden increase of people using it. Composition of coliform was $7.64\%$ Escherichia coli, group, $42.86\%$ Citrobacter freundii group, $16.78\%$ Klebsiella aerogenes group and $32.72\%$ others. Plate count of samples was varied from 48 to $4.4{\times10}^2/ml$ during the study period.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.615-625
• /
• 2023

This study evaluated the bacteriological safety of seawater and abalone produced in Uisin-myeon, Jindo-gun from September 2020 to December 2022 and calculated the effect of inland pollution sources on seawater and abalone. We surveyed 33 stations for seawater, 4 stations for abalone, and 7 stations for discharge water of major inland pollutants. We analyzed the coliform group, fecal coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as bacteria indicators. In 924 seawater samples, the geometric mean of the coliform group and fecal coliform were <1.8-5.6 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-2.7 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The estimated 90^th percentile range for the coliform group and fecal coliform were <1.8-42 MPN/100 mL and <1.8-8.4 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The fecal coliform and E. coli levels for 107 abalone were <18-460 MPN/100 g and <18-78 MPN/100 g respectively. Moreover, the analyzed standard plate count was <30-7,700 CFU/g. The fecal coliform level and diffusion area in 7 inland pollutants were <1.8-3,300,000 MPN/100 mL and 2-2,500 m, respectively. The bacteriological safety of seawater and abalone in Uisin-myeon, Jindo-gun, was demonstrated to be a designated area according to Korean standards, a conditionally approved area per US standards, and Class A according to EU standards.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.8
• /
• pp.1128-1135
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary green tea extract (GTE) on the performance, carcass and gastrointestinal tract (gut) traits, caecal coliform bacteria count, and pH and color (CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$) values of the breast muscle in broilers. A total number of 600 day-old broilers (Ross 308) was allocated to three treatments with four replicates containing 50 (25 males and 25 females) birds. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet as the control (0GTE) and diets with GTE at 0.1 (0.1GTE) or 0.2 (0.2GTE) g/kg. Body weights and the feed intake of broilers were measured at 1, 21 and 42 days, the feed intake was measured for different periods and the feed conversion ratio was calculated accordingly. At 42 day four birds per replicate were slaughtered for the determination of carcass and organ weights, caecal coliform bacteria count, and also quality of the breast muscle. The dietary GTE increased the body weight, feed efficiency, carcass weight and dressing percentage and decreased caecal coliform bacteria count of broilers (p<0.05). The 0GTE broilers consumed (p<0.01) less feed than the 0.1GTE birds in the entire experimental period. The relative abdominal fat weight and gut length of broilers in the 0.2GTE were tended to be lower (p<0.07) than those in the 0GTE group. The breast meat from 0.1GTE birds had a lower pH value when compared to that from 0GTE birds. The 0.1GTE broilers had lighter breast meat than 0GTE and 0.2GTE birds. The dietary GTE increased $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of the breast meat. Thus this product appeared to have a measurable impact on CIE color values of the breast meat in broilers. The results of the present study may indicate that the improved production results in the group with added GTE are directly connected with physiological mechanisms such as the regulation of the caecal micro-flora.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 1995

The aims of this study are to enhance the students' knowledge of the drinking water and its reliability by investigating drinking water situation on the drinking water. The results are as following 1. Status and drinking behavior about school drinking water (1) 97.82% of the schools are using the tap water as the resource of drinking water. (2) 46 schools are in possession of water tank and 18 schools of them are using the water tank as the resource of drinking water. The clearing and sanitization of the tank are carried out once in a year with hypochloronatrium by the low-level officials. (3) 51.28% of the schools are providing the students with drinking water and 75% of them with boiled water. The drinking water supply managers are low-level officials, nurse teachers, and dietitian. 2. Analysis of the drinking water quality (1) Most of the drinking water provided by the school are tap water 35.8%, barely tea 5.85%, filtered water 6.3%, ground water 1.1% and all turned out to be suitable for drinking. (2) The drinking water carried from home turned out to be unsuitable for drinking except pH criterion, especially the test of APC(Aerobic Plate Count) and Coliform group showed worse degree. These results were caused by the hygiene problem and maltreatment in water container.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.261-266
• /
• 1979

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the sanitary quality of cultured vegetables and to check the removing rate of bacteria by treating methods such as washing with tap water or commercial detergent, or blanching. Samples collected from farm land located at Busan suburbs and markets were Fragaria chiloensis var. ananasa, Lycopersicum esculentum, Capsium longum, Cucumis sativus, Lactuca scariola var. sativa leaf of Perilla frutescens var, japonica, Oananthe stolonifera and Allium odoium. Fecal coliform MPN was ra god from less than 30 to 430,000 per 100 grams of samples examined while plate count was $7.2\times10^3\;to\;2.2\times10^7$ per gram. Usually contamination rate of fecal coliform of leaf vegetal)les was much higher than that of fruit vegetables. Removing rate of bacterial density of vegetables by washing three times with tap water was about $70\%$ in fruit vegetables, about $20\%$ in leaf vegetables but it was about $80\%$ in leaf vegetables by washing with a commercial detergent. Sirvival rate of viable cell count of leaf vegetables was less than $0.1\%$ after blanching for one minutes in boiling tap water, Composition of coliform was $18\%$ Escherichia coli group, $22\%$ Citrobacter freundii group and $60\%$ Klebsiella aerogenes group, among Escherichia coli, type I being $16\%$ in total. The coliform detection from BGLB gas positive tubes being planted with various vegetables was about $80\%$ in the result of IMViC reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.94-96
• /
• 2003

Since 1995, MOCT(Ministry of Construction and Transportation) and KOWACO(Korea Water Resources Corporation) have established the National Groundwater Monitoring Network in South Korea and also MOE(Ministry of Environment) has operated Groundwater Quality Monitoring network. Until 2001, 202 monitoring stations by MOCT and 780 monitoring wells by MOE have been constructed, measured groundwater level and analyzed water samples. Groundwater quality analysis has been conducted two times a year during last 6 years for all monitoring wells. The quality data has about 15 components including pH, COD, Count of Coliform group, and etc.. Trend analysis has been peformed for 6 components(Coliform, pH, COD, NO$_3$-N, Cl and EC) of water quality which are analyzed more than 7 times for total monitoring wells. Two test methods have been used ; Sen's test and Mann-Kendall test. These trend tests have been done at the 0.05 significance level. By the result of Sen's test, Count of Coliform group has either upward or downward trends at 4.3 percent of the monitoring points. pH does at 5.6 percent, COD does at 8.6 percent, Nitrate-Nitrogen does at 13.2 percent, Chloride does at 13.4 percent, and. EC does at 11.6 percent of the monitoring points. The exact causes of the groundwater quality trends are difficult to specify. Notable downward trends in nitrate at many monitoring points may be the result of reduction on some contamination sources. Potential causes include diminished agricultural areas, improvements in sewage treatment and a decrease in atmospheric deposition. Increase in chloride at many monitoring points may be the result of increased non-point source pollution such as road salting and runoff from sprawling paved developments and suburbs.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.153-174
• /
• 2022

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of overwrap, vacuum, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on poultry breast fillets' microbiological, biochemical shelf life and sensory attributes. The fillets were divided into 4 groups, and each of the treatments was replicated 3 times with 60 breast fillets. The first group was a control group with overwrap packaging; the second group was vacuum packed (VP); the third and fourth groups were MAP-1: 0% O₂, 40% CO₂, 60% N₂, and MAP-2: 20% O₂, 40% CO₂, 40% N₂. The microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed for the total viable count, coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Salmonella count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, cooking loss, color, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory analysis. The data were analysed through two-way ANOVA by Minitab (Minitab 17.3.1). Meat treated with understudy MAP compositions and vacuum packaging reduced total viable count, Pseudomonas count, and total coliform count than control (p<0.05). TVB-N remained below the recommended limit throughout storage except aerobic packaging (p<0.05). Cooking loss (%) was lowered and showed non-significant results (p>0.05) between vacuum packaging and both MAP concentrations. The meat stored in MAP-2 was characterised by higher (p<0.05) visual scores. Whilst MAP-1 showed higher (p<0.05) L^* values and overall acceptability. Sample packaged under aerobic packaging showed significant (p<0.05) results for b^* and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Meat stored in aerobic packaging showed higher (p<0.05) shear force values. The outcome of this trial may help to promote the application of understudy MAP compositions and rapid detection of microbes by biochemical analysis under local conditions.