• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.383-394
• /
• 2013

Cold-formed profiles have been largely used in the building industry because they can be easily produced and because they allow for a wide range of sections and thus can be utilized to meet different project requirements. Attainment of maximum performance by structural elements with low use of material is a challenge for engineering projects. This paper presents a numerical study aimed at minimizing the weight of lipped and unlipped cold-formed channel columns, following the AISI 2007 specification. Flexural, torsional and torsional-flexural buckling of columns was considered as constraints. The simulated annealing method was used for optimization. Several numerical simulations are presented and discussed to validate the proposal, in addition to an experimental example that qualifies its implementation. The ratios between lips, web width, and flange width are analyzed. Finally, it may be concluded that the optimization process yields excellent results in terms of cross-sectional area reduction.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.323-335
• /
• 2013

This work aims to study the effect of stiffener ties in the behavior of intermediate length open section Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) Columns under axial compression. A comparative study on the behaviour and strength of Cold Formed Steel Columns by changing the direction of projection of lips (i.e., inwards or outwards) are also done. In this work two types of sections were considered Type-I section with lip projecting outwards (hat) and Type-II section with lip projecting inwards (channel). The length of the columns is predicted by performing elastic buckling analysis using CUFSM software. The theoretical analysis is performed using DSM - S100;2007, AS/NZ: 4600-2005 and IS: 801-1975. The compression tests are carried out in a 400 kN loading frame with hinged-hinged end condition. The non-linear numerical analysis is performed using Finite Element software ANSYS 12.0 to simulate the experimental results. Extensive parametric study is carried out by varying the width and spacing of the stiffener ties. The results are compared; the effects of stiffener ties on behaviour and load carrying capacity on both types of columns are discussed.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제16권3호통권70호
• /
• pp.315-324
• /
• 2004

본 논문은 지관에 압축력을 받는 냉간성형 각형강관 T형 용접접합부의항복선 해석에 관한 연구이다. 기존 연구 중 냉간성형 정방형 각형강관 T형 용접 접합부만을 포함하는 실험결과와 Kato, Packer, Zhao, CIDECT 및 본 연구진들의 제안식을 비교하였다. 제안된 항복선 모델의 적용한계치를 제안하기 위하여, 항복선 해석에 기초하여 이전 논문에서 제안된 항복선모델을 재검토하였다. 제안된 항복선 모델은 냉간성형 각형강관 곡률부와 용접크기를 고려한다. 마지막으로, 실험상의 실체 파괴모드와 해석상의 비교결과를 참조하여, 항복선 해석의 적용범위를 ${\beta}^{\prime}{\leq}0.8$로 제안하였다. 여기서, ${\beta}^{\prime}=0.8$, ${\beta}^{\prime}=b_1^{\prime}/b_0^{\prime}$, $b_1{^{\prime}}=b_1+t_0$, $b_0{^{\prime}}=b_0-t_0$.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2001

The Rosette-joining system is a completely new press-joining method for cold-formed steel structures. One Rosette-joint has a shear capacity equal to that of approximately four screws or rivets. The Rosette thin-walled steel truss system presents a new fully integrated prefabricated alternative to light-weight roof truss structures. The trusses are built up on special industrial production lines from modified top hat sections used as top and bottom chords and channel sections used as webs which are joined together with the Rosette press-joining technique to form a completed structure easy to transport and install. A single web section is used when sufficient but can be strengthened by double-nesting two separate sections or by using two lateral profiles where greater compressive axial forces are met. An individual joint in the truss can be strengthened by introducing a hollow bolt into the joint hole. The bolt gives the connection capacity a boost of approximately 20%. A series of laboratory tests have been carried out in order to verify the Rosette truss system in practice. In addition to compression tests on individual sections of different lengths, tests have also been done on small structural assemblies and on actual full-scale trusses of a span of 10 metres. Design calculations have been performed on selected roof truss geometries based on the test results, FE-analysis and on the Eurocode 3 and U.S.(AISI) design codes.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2013

The use of light-gauge steel framing in low-rise commercial and industrial building construction has experienced a significant increase in recent years. In such construction, the wall framing is an assembly of cold-formed steel (CFS) studs held between top and bottom CFS tracks. Current construction methods utilize heavy hot-rolled steel sections, such as steel angles or hollow structural section tubes, to transfer the load from the end seats of the floor joist and/or from the load-bearing wall studs of the stories above to the supporting load-bearing wall below. The use of hot rolled steel elements results in significant increase in construction cost and time. Such heavy steel elements would be unnecessary if the concrete slab thickening on top of the CFS wall can be made to act compositely with the CFS track. Composite action can be achieved by attaching stand-off screws to the track and encapsulating the screw shank in the deck concrete. A series of experimental studies were performed on full-scale test specimens representing concrete/CFS flexural elements under gravity loads. The studies were designed to investigate the structural performance of concrete/CFS simple beams and concrete/CFS continuous headers. The results indicate that concrete/CFS composite flexural elements are feasible and their structural behavior can be modeled with reasonable accuracy.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 2002

스터드, 조이스트 및 지붕 트러스에 적용하기 위한 폐단면 냉간성형부재의 휨실험을 수행하고 해석치와 비교하여 보았다. 길이 2.4m, 폭 0.9m의 휨 시편은 46cm 간격의 두 개의 강재보의 한면에 석고보드와 합판을 부착한 시편과 부착하지 않은 시편으로 구성되었고, 각 시편에 대한 정, 부모멘트실험을 수행하여, 강재보에 부착된 합판 및 석고보드가 강재의 좌굴거동에 미치는 영향을 포함한 합성거동을 파악하였다. 또한 합판이 부착된 실물 트러스 실험을 통하여 트러스 부재의 좌굴거동 및 파괴양상에 대하여 연구하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제14권5호통권60호
• /
• pp.657-664
• /
• 2002

본 논문은 새로운 냉간성형 각형강관 T형 접합부의 최대내력과 변형제한치에 대한 연구이다. 새로운 T형 접합부의 형상은 지관을 주관에 대하여 $45^{\circ}$ 회전시켜서 용접하는 형상이고, 지난 보고의 지관 $45^{\circ}$ 회전형 T형 접합부 실험결과 중에서 주관플랜지 휨 파괴가 지배하는 접합부만을 대상으로 설정하였다. $16.7{\leq}2{\gamma}(=B/T){\leq}33.3$ 이고 $0.27{\leq}{\beta}(=b1/B){\leq}0.6$ 범위의 지관 $45^{\circ}$ 회전형 T형 접합부에 대하여, 최대내력을 정의를 위한 변형제한치는 주관폭의 3% 변형량(3%B)으로 제안하였다. 기본형에 대한 기존의 항복선모델을 검토하고, 지관 회전형에 대한 새로운 항복선모델을 제안하였다. 최종적으로 항복선해석에 근거한 내력식과 실험결과를 비교하고, 제안내력식의 적용범위를 제시하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.281-290
• /
• 2003

신형상 폐단면 냉간성형형강 스터드와 래프터로 구성된 포탈프레임의 접합부의 모멘트-회전각 관계, 회전강성, 항복모멘트 및 극한모멘트 등을 파악하기 위하여 접합부실험을 수행하였다. 실험의 주요 변수는 연강 접합철물의 두께 및 형상과 접합부 시험체의 비틀림에 관한 구속조건이며, 실험결과의 검증을 위해서 비선형해석 결과와 비교하였다. 반강접 접합부의 휨강성을 실험에 의한 모멘트-회전각 곡선으로 부터 구한 할선강도로 제안하여 구조해석을 통하여 타당성을 검토하였다.

• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.71-86
• /
• 2018

Thin-walled cross-sections can be optimized to enhance their resistance and progress their behaviour, leading to more competent and inexpensive structural system. The aim of this study is to afford a methodology that would facilitate progress of optimized cold formed steel (CFS) column section with maximum ultimate strength for practical applications. The proposed sections are designed to comply with the geometrical standards of pre-qualified column standards for CFS structures as well as with the number of industrialized and practical constraints. The stiffening evaluation process of CFS lipped channel columns, a five different cross section are considered. The experimental strength and behaviour of the proposed sections are verified by using the finite element analysis (FEA). A series comprehensive parametric study is carried out covering a wide range of section slenderness and overall slenderness ratio of the CFS column with and without intermediate web stiffeners. The ultimate strength of the sections is determined based on the Direct Strength Specification and other design equation available from the literature for CFS structures. A modified design method is proposed for the DSM specification. The results indicate that the CFS column with complex edge and intermediate web stiffeners provides an ultimate strength which is up to 78% higher than standard optimized shapes with the same amount of cross sectional area.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.75-92
• /
• 2023

The novel composite cold-formed steel (CFS)/engineered cementitious composites (ECC) beams have been recently presented. The new composite section exhibited superior structural performance as a flexural member, benefiting from the lightweight thin-walled CFS sections with improved buckling and torsional properties due to the restraints provided by thinlayered ECC. This paper investigated the shear performance of the new composite CFS/ECC section. Twenty-eight simply supported beams, with a shear span-to-depth ratio of 1.0, were assembled back-to-back and tested under a 3-point loading scheme. Bare CFS, composite CFS/ECC utilising ECC with Polyethylene fibres (PE-ECC), composite CFS/MOR, and CFS/HSC utilising high-strength mortar (MOR) and high-strength concrete (HSC) as replacements for PE-ECC were compared. Different failure modes were observed in tests: shear buckling modes in bare CFS sections, contact shear buckling modes in composite CFS/MOR and CFS/HSC sections, and shear yielding or block shear rupture in composite CFS/ECC sections. As a result, composite CFS/ECC sections showed up to 96.0% improvement in shear capacities over bare CFS, 28.0% improvement over composite CFS/MOR and 13.0% over composite CFS/HSC sections, although MOR and HSC were with higher compressive strength than PE-ECC. Finally, shear strength prediction formulae are proposed for the new composite sections after considering the contributions from the CFS and ECC components.