• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2011

본 연구는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 액란의 냉장저장 중 미생물 및 이화학적 성상을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 액란은 살균 및 비살균 처리된 전란액, 난황액 및 난백액으로 여름철과 겨울철 생산 제품에 대해 각각 조사하였다. 냉장저장 중 세균수의 경우 여름철에 생산된 비살균 액란(전란액, 난황액 및 난백액)은 1,270-83,300 CFU/g 수준으로 겨울철에 생산된 비살균 액란의 0-4,330 CFU/g 에 비해 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 살균 전란액과 살균 난황액에서는 저장기간 동안 액란생산 계절과 관계 없이 대장균군이 검출되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 비살균 액란은 냉장저장 중 겨울철에 생산된 난백액에서만 대장균군이 검출되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Salmonella는 살균 및 비살균 액란 모두에서 냉장저장 중 액란 생산 계절과 관계없이 검출되지 않았다. 그러나, 여름철에 생산된 비살균 전란액으로부터 Salmonella 의심균을 동정한 결과, Pseudomonas sp, Pseudomonas geezenne, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa인 것으로 판명되었다. 액란의 냉장저장 중 pH 및 점도변화는 살균과 비살균 처리구간 뚜렷한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 여름철에 비살균 액란 생산시 교차오염에 각별한 주의가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the shelf-life of Kimbab manufactured using a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). We performed a microbiological verification after applying the HACCP plan to Kimbab. Additionally, the shelf-life of Kimbab at each holding temperature was calculated as a regression equation between the aerobic plate counts and holding time during the storage period. The critical control points of the HACCP plan, that were applied to Kimbab, included: cold-holding of refrigerated foods, checking the endpoint cooking temperature of heated food, and cold-holding of cooked foods. As a result of the microbiological verification of Kimbab, the aerobic plate counts averaged 3.46 log CFU/g. In contrast, the coliforms, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the samples. The estimated shelf-life of Kimbab was calculated to be 45 hours at $10^{\circ}C$, 29 hours at $15^{\circ}C$, 6 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ and 3 hours at $35^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, manufacturers should apply a prerequisite program and a HACCP system for a safe consumption of ready-to-eat foods and label products with a proper shelf-life. Distributors should control the proper holding time-temperature until sale and consumers should eat immediately after purchasing ready-to-eat foods.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.726-734
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• 2017

This study investigated the meat quality and storage characteristics of pork loin marinated in grape pomace powder during different storage periods. The experimental design included six treatments : pork loin containing only 100% water (Control, C); pork loin containing a combination of 20% grape pomace and 80% water (T1); pork loin containing a combination of 40% grape pomace and 60% water (T2); pork loin containing a combination of 0.5% grape pomace powder and 95.5% water (T3); pork loin containing a combination of 1.0% grape pomace powder and 99.0% water (T4); and pork loin containing a combination of 2.0% grape pomace powder and 98.0% water (T5). The pork loins aged by grape pomace and grape pomace powder showed decreased crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, pH, redness, and yellowness values; however, their moisture, lightness, and shear force increased significantly. During cold storage, marination with grape pomace and grape pomace powder reduced the 2-thiobarbituric acid value, volatile basic nitrogen value, and total microbial count in pork loin. Thus, marination with grape pomace and grape pomace powder improved the meat quality and storage characteristics, and could be used to improve storage stability of pork loin.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1982

나무딸기 과즙색소에 대한 당류의 안정화 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 과즙의 당도, pH,적정산도는 저온구, 냉동구에서 80일간 저장 기간중 거의 변화가 없었으며 색소변화에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 과즙의 색조(色調)와 색소액(色素液)의 저장중 변화는 시간이 경과함에 따라 열화(劣化)되었으며 색소액의 변화는 색조보다 적었다. 3. 당류 첨가에 의한 색소액의 농색화 효과는 육탄당(六炭糖)이 가장 좋았으며 이 중에서도 D-galactose가 우수하였다. 그 다음 이당류(二糖類)였고 오히러 색소를 파괴시키는 것은 D-xylose와 L-rhamnose 였다. 4. 당 첨가에 의해 농색화된 색소액은 저장중 온도에 크게 영향을 받았으며 특히 저온구$(5^{\circ}C)$에서 거의 안정하게 보존되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1011-1027
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• 2024

Animal-derived foods, such as meat and dairy products, are prone to spoilage by psychrotrophic bacteria due to their high-water activity and nutritional value. These bacteria can grow at refrigerated temperatures, posing significant concerns for food safety and quality. Psychrotrophic bacteria, including Pseudomonas, Listeria, and Yersinia, not only spoil food but can also produce heat-resistant enzymes and toxins, posing health risks. This review examines the characteristics and species composition of psychrotrophic bacteria in animal-derived foods, their impact on food spoilage and safety, and contamination patterns in various products. It explores several nonthermal techniques to combat bacterial contamination as alternatives to conventional thermal methods, which can affect food quality. This review highlights the importance of developing nonthermal technologies to control psychrotrophic bacteria that threaten the cold storage of animal-derived foods. By adopting these technologies, the food industry can better ensure the safety and quality of animal-derived foods for consumers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2022

Iota carrageenan-containing surimi was refrigerated for 7 days to investigate the change in its properties. Physical properties, color differences, and sensory evaluation were tested for analysis after addition of 0-3 Wt% iota carrageenan. In unheated surimi, the 2% carrageenan- containing surimi had higher chromaticity and color difference compared to the surimi without added carrageenan. However, the surimi with 3% iota carrageenan showed enhanced yellowness, resulting in a modified color difference. Surimi containing iota carrageenan showed the same trend in color difference in heated surimi after storage for 7 days, particularly when carrageenan content was 2% or greater. The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the heated Iota carrageenan-containing surimi also increased after 7 days of storage. Compared to surimi without added carrageenan, the heated Iota carrageenan-containing surimi had higher hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and lower adhesiveness after storage. The overall preference for surimi decreased, while the hardness increased, when carrageenan was added. Therefore, the addition of the iota carrageenan to stored surimi can significantly enhance its hardness.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of temperature abuse prior to cold storage on changes in quality and metabolites of frozen/thawed beef loin. The aerobic packaged samples were assigned to three groups: refrigeration (4℃) (CR); freezing (-18℃ for 6 d) and thawing (20±1℃ for 1 d), followed by refrigeration (4℃) (FT); temperature abuse (20℃ for 6 h) prior to freezing (-18℃ for 6 d) and thawing (20±1℃ for 1 d), followed by refrigeration (4℃) (AFT). FT and AFT resulted in higher volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values than CR (p<0.05), and these values rapidly increased in the final 15 d. Cooking loss decreased significantly with an increase in the storage period (p<0.05). In addition, cooking loss was lower in the FT and AFT groups than in the CR owing to water loss after storage (p<0.05). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that frozen/thawed beef samples were influenced by temperature abuse in the structure of the fiber at 15 d. Metabolomic analysis showed differences among CR, FT, and AFT from partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) profiling. The treatments differed slightly, with higher FT than AFT values in several metabolites (phenylalanine, isoleucine, valine, betaine, and tyrosine). Overall, temperature abuse prior to freezing and during thawing of beef loin resulted in accelerated quality changes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2020

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobe food pathogen responsible for the listeriosis that mostly occurs during the low-temperature storage of a cold cut or dairy products. To understand the systemic response to a wide range of growth temperatures, L. monocytogenes were cultivated at a different temperature from 10℃ to 42℃, then whole cell proteomic analysis has been performed both exponential and stationary cells. The specific growth rate increased proportionally with the increase in growth temperature. The maximum growth rate was observed at 37℃ and was maintained at 42℃. Global protein expression profiles mainly depended on the growth temperatures showing similar clusters between exponential and stationary phases. Expressed proteins were categorized by their belonging metabolic systems and then, evaluated the change of expression level in regard to the growth temperature and stages. DnaK, GroEL, GroES, GrpE, and CspB, which were the heat&cold shock response proteins, increased their expression with increasing the growth temperatures. In particular, GroES and CspB were expressed more than 100-fold than at low temperatures during the exponential phase. Meanwhile, CspL, another cold shock protein, overexpressed at a low temperature then exponentially decreased its expression to 65-folds. Chemotaxis protein CheV and flagella proteins were highly expressed at low temperatures and stationary phases. Housekeeping proteins maintained their expression levels constant regardless of growth temperature or growth phases. Most of the growth related proteins, which include central carbon catabolic enzymes, were highly expressed at 30℃ then decreased sharply at high growth temperatures.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.697-704
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• 1999

청어 fillet를 천연보존제인 rosemary 추출물과 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, 그리고 합성보존제인 BHA로 각각 처리한 후 각각 함기포장한 group과 진공포장한 group으로 나누어 각각 20, 4 및 $-20^{\circ}C$에 저장하면서 천연보존제 및 진공포장이 청어 fillet의 저장성에 미치는 효과를 검토한 결과, 청어 fillet는 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장 시 함기포장의 보존제처리구에서 모두 적어도 3일(대조구, 적어도 1일), 진공포장 시료에서는 모두 적어도 7일(대조구, 적어도 3일)동안은 품질이 양호하였으며 천연보존제 처리 및 진공포장의 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. $-20^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우, 함기포장 시료는 보존제처리구에서 모두 90일(대조구, 80일)동안, 진공포장 시료에서는 대조구 및 보존제처리구에서 모두 90일 동안 품질이 양호하였다. 한편 $20^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 전반적으로 저장 1일 이후 품질이 크게 떨어져 식용 불가능하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.798-804
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 당근주스에서 분리한 Leuconostoc mesenteroides SM 균주와 비트 즙을 이용하여 비열처리 당근 주스를 이용한 젖산 발효 음료를 제조하였다. 상황버섯 추출액이 함유된 당근주스에 비트 즙을 $1{\sim}5%$(v/v) 수준으로 첨가하여 발효시킬 경우 설탕의 전환율은 대부분 97% 이상이었다. 발효 후의 점조도는 비트즙을 2% 수준으로 첨가하였을 때 0.55 $Pa{\cdot}s^n$로 가장 높았으며, 비트 즙의 첨가량이 3% 이상일 때부터 점조도는 감소하였다. 발효 후 냉장 저장시에 당근 젖산 발효 음료의 점조도는 저장 120시간까지 크게 증가하였다. 당근 젖산 발효 음료의 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH에 의한 전자공여능은 비트 즙의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높게 나타나는 경향을 나타내었고, 비트 즙을 5% 첨가하였을 때 $114.27{\mu}g/mL$의 폴리페놀 함량과 65.4%의 전자공여능을 나타내었다. 당근 젖산 발효 음료를 냉장 저장 시에 저장 기간이 길어질수록 L값, a값, b값은 소폭 감소하였으나 비트 즙의 첨가로 붉은 자줏빛이 강화되어, 냉장 저장 2주후에도 당근 음료의 고유한 색이 유지되는 것으로 나타났으며, 생균수는 평균 $10^9$ CFU/mL 이상을 나타내었다.